탈북 아동청소년의 실태 및 욕구조사설계를 위한 델파이조사 연구

김학령,김유연,이민영,장인숙 한국사회복지실천연구학회 2021 미래사회복지연구 Vol.12 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 그동안 탈북청소년 관련 조사에서 분절적이고 편의적으로 다루어졌던 탈북 아동청소년의 욕구를 포괄적이고 체계적으로 조사하기 위한 항목들을 추출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 4회의 전문가 면접조사(1차 델파이조사)와 전문가 100명 대상 설문조사(2차 델파이조사)를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 0세부터 24세까지 전 발달단계에서 탈북 아동청소년의 부모-자녀관계, 부모의 정서적 지원, 가족유대감(보육 및 돌봄 영역), 건강상태와 치료받을 기회(건강 및 보건 영역), 한국어 소통정도, 지역사회 지지망(사회통합 영역)이 중요한 항목으로 나타났다. 영유아기와 학령기 집단에서는 양육자신감, 부재 시 돌봄, 규칙적 식사, 부모의 우울, 교사와 관계가 중요하였으며, 학령기와 후기청소년기 집단에서는 학업효능감, 친구관계, 자기이해, 진로계획(교육 및 진로 영역), 직업관, 진로관련경험과 도움 정도(노동 및 취업 영역), 소속감, 차별경험, 공동체의식, 도움 받을 사람 유무 등이 중요한 항목으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 기존 탈북청소년 조사에서 배제되었던 영유아기와 후기청소년기를 포괄하여 생애주기에 따른 성장단계별 발달과 욕구 변화를 파악할 수 있는 조사 설계를 발전시키는 데 기여할 것이며, 탈북 아동청소년을 위한 실태 및 욕구조사의 개선을 위한 과제들을 제시하였다. This study aimed to identify factors for a comprehensive investigation into the needs of North Korean refugee children and youth, who have until now been segmented in social surveys and need assessments. To this end, four expert group interviews (first Delphi survey) and a survey of a hundred experts (second Delphi survey) were conducted from infant to late adolescence groups. For the infant and school-age groups, parenting confidence, absenteeism, regular meals, parental depression, and relationships are key, while in the school-age to late adolescence groups, academic efficacy, friendship, self-understanding, career plans (education and career area), a sense of belonging, discrimination, and community are crucial. These findings can contribute to a survey design that studies changes in growth stages and needs according to life cycles, and suggests steps for improvement.

Differential Prognostic Impacts of Diabetes over Time Course after Acute Myocardial Infarction

김학령,강시혁,윤창환,조영석,연태진,조구영,채인호,김효수,채성철,조명찬,김영조,김주한,안영근,정명호,최동주,김종 대한의학회 2013 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.28 No.12

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of diabetes on short- and mid-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Between October 2005 and December 2009, a total of 22,347 patients with AMI from a nationwide registry was analyzed. At the time point of the day 30 after AMI onset, landmark analyses were performed for the development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including death, re-infarction and revascularization. In this cohort, 6,131 patients (27.4%) had diabetes. Short-term MACEs, which occurred within 30 days of AMI onset, were observed in 1,364 patients (6.1%). Among the 30-day survivors (n=21,604), mid-term MACEs, which occurred between 31 and 365 days after AMI onset, were observed in 1,181 patients (5.4%). After adjustment for potential confounders, diabetes was an independent predictor of mid-term MACEs (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.08-1.45; P=0.002), but not of short-term MACEs (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.93-1.44; P=0.167). Diabetes is a poor prognostic factor for mid-term clinical outcomes but not for short-term outcomes in AMI patients. Careful monitoring and intensive care should be considered in diabetic patients, especially following the acute stage of AMI.

The Positive Association between Peripheral Blood Cell Counts and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

김학령,조화영,박인영,최진만,김민,장호진,황세민 연세대학교의과대학 2011 Yonsei medical journal Vol.52 No.5

Purpose: Accumulating evidence has shown a close connection between hematopoiesis and bone formation. Our aim was to evaluate the association between peripheral blood cell counts and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Three hundreds thirty eight healthy postmenopausal women who underwent BMD measurement during their health check-up were investigated. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray asorptiometry at L1-L4 spine, femoral neck and total proximal femur. BMD was expressed as a T-score: among T-scores obtained from three different sites (L1-L4 spine, femoral neck and total proximal femur), the lowest T-score was considered to be the subject’s T-score. Results: The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnosed by T-score in the study participants were 49.4% (167/338) and 5.0% (17/338), respectively. Peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet counts had significant positive correlations with T-scores (p<0.001) upon simple linear regression analysis. A multiple linear regression analysis, after controlling of confounders including age, body weight, systolic blood pressure, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine, showed that WBC (β=0.127; standard error=0.043; p=0.014), RBC (β=0.192; standard error=0.139; p<0.001) and platelet (β=0.097; standard error=0.001; p=0.050) counts still had significant positive association with T-scores. Conclusion: The study results showed a positive relationship between blood cell counts and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, supporting the idea of a close connection between hematopoiesis and bone formation. The study results also suggest that blood cell counts could be a putative marker for estimating BMD in postmenopausal women.

A Decline in Renal Function is Associated With Loss of Bone Mass in Korean Postmenopausal Women With Mild Renal Dysfunction

김학령,박인영,최진만,황세민,김효상,임재성,김민,손민정 대한의학회 2011 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.26 No.3

This study was conducted to assess the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women with mild renal dysfunction. A total of 328 postmenopausal women who underwent BMD measurement during health check-up was investigated. BMD was measured in lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck, total proximal femur and femoral trochanteric areas by dual energy radiography absorptiometry and renal function was estimated by eGFR using Cockcroft-Gault equation. Of the 328 subjects, 317 (96.6%) had an eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. By using simple linear regression analysis, age, height, weight and eGFR were significantly associated with BMD for the 4 aforementioned anatomic sites, while serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen did not influence BMD. When multiple regression analyses were applied, age and body weight still had significant associations with BMD at 4 different anatomic sites (P < 0.001). A significant association of eGFR with BMD remained in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and proximal total femur (P < 0.05) but not in the trochanteric area (P = 0.300). Our study suggests that a decline of renal function is associated with lower BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total proximal femur areas in Korean menopausal women with mild renal dysfunction.

새중질유에 의한 철광석의 직접 환원

김학령 한국화학공학회 1986 NICE Vol.4 No.3

이상지질혈증의 최신지견

김학령 대한내과학회 2021 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2021 No.2

코크스 제조를 위한 원료탄 배합설계 최적화

김학령 한국화학공학회 1981 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.19 No.4

높은 강도의 코크스 제조를 위한 원료석탄배합계획에 대한 최적화를 원료탄배합이론과 선형계획법의 적용에 의하여 달성하였다. 최적화에 있어서 공장설비의 특성에 의하여 제약조건의 수를 제한해야 하였기 때문에 제약조건에 대한 적절한 선정이 필요하였다. 본연구에 의한 최적화방법은 공장실험결과에 의하여 매우 효과적인 것으로 판명되었다. The Coal Blending Plan for metallurgical cokemaking was optimized with the application of linear programming due to G.B. Dantzig. In this case, it was necessary to take discrimi nation in the selection of the number of the Constraints imposed upon the system, because the number of independent variables of the optimal solution should be restricted by the characteristies of the plant facility. It was found that the of optimization method was highly efficient after a series of in-plant experiments.

현탁중합에 의한 폴리스티렌 입자의 크기

김학령,김호기 한국화학공학회 1977 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.15 No.1

스티렌의 懸濁重合을 위한 回分式 攪拌槽內에서 懸濁系의 物性이나 機械的 攪拌이 重合體의 크기와 粒度分布에 주는 영향에 관해 實驗的으로 考察하였다. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)를 현탁安定劑로, Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)를 開始劑로 使用하여 常壓, 90℃의 條件下에서 重合反應을 시켰을 때 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. (1) 平均粒度는 攪拌速度가 증가함에 따라 다음 식에 의하여 감소하는 것이 나타났다. (터빈형 임펠라의 경우) log d=-0.00070 (ND)+0.97 (2) 프로펠라형 임펠라를 사용했을 때가 터빈형의 것을 사용했을 때보다 넓은 粒度分布를 나타낸다. The effects of the stirring rate and the stabilizer concentration on the particle size of the suspension polymerized polystyrene were experimentally investigated. The reaction was carried out in an unbaffled mixing vessel with benzoyl peroxide as the initiator and polyvinyl alcohol as the stabilizer. The measurement of the product particle size by standard sieves showed that: (1) The average particle size decreased with the increase in stirring rate according to the following relationship, log d=-0.00070 (ND)+0.97 and (2) The propeller type impeller produced the products with broader size distributions than the turbine type impeller of the same dimension.

Helicobacter pylori Infection is Associated with Elevated Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Elderly Koreans

김학령,전한호,박인영,강지선,민경완,최진만 대한의학회 2011 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.26 No.5

This study was conducted to investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the lipid profile among elderly Koreans. A total of 462 subjects (mean age 66.2 ± 7.6 yr, 84% males) who underwent health check-up were investigated. Each subject underwent gastroduodenoscopy with gastric mucosal biopsy, and H. pylori infection was determined by histopathological examination using the updated Sydney System score. The presence of H. pylori infection was significantly associated with the elevated serum levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P <0.05 for each) in univariate analysis. H. pylori infection was not associated with triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (P > 0.05 for each). After controlling confounders, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of H. pylori infection for high LDL cholesterol level (> 140 mg/dL) was 3.113 (95% confidence interval,1.364-7.018; P = 0.007). There were no significant associations between the presence of H. pylori infection and elevated total cholesterol levels (> 200 mg/dL) in this model (P =0.586). The results of this study demonstrate that H. pylori infection is associated with the elevated serum LDL cholesterol levels in elderly Koreans, supporting the hypothesis that H. pylori plays a role in promoting atherosclerosis by modifying lipid metabolism.

The Importance of Echocardiographic Screening for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Korean Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

김학령 한국심초음파학회 2016 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.24 No.4