인공 유방 확대술을 받은 환자의 유방암 치료 시 크기에 따른 반대 측 유방의 피폭 선량 및 차폐 효율 평가

김종욱,우헌,정현학,김경아,김찬용,유숙현,Kim, Jong Wook,Woo, Heon,Jeong, Hyeon Hak,Kim, Kyeong Ah,Kim, Chan Yong,Yoo, Suk Hyun 대한방사선치료학회 2014 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.26 No.2

목 적 : 인공 유방 확대술을 받은 환자가 유방암 방사선치료를 받을 경우 유방의 크기별로 치료 조사야와의 거리에 따른 치료반대 측 유방조직에 피폭되는 선량 및 차폐의 효율성을 평가해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 인체팬텀(Rando-phantom)을 이용하여 유방 모형의 크기별 (200 cc ~ 500 cc) CT영상을 획득한 후 크기 별로 일 선량 180 cGy의 왼쪽 유방암 방사선 치료계획을 세웠다. 유방 모형이 커질수록 치료 반대 측 유방모형의 표면과 X선의 진행지점 사이에 발생하는 거리가 가까워지게 설정하였고, 체표에 입사하는 선속중심축을 기준으로 3 cm, 6 cm 떨어진 점에서 반대측 유방 표면에 수직으로 내린 거리를 각 A point, B point로 설정하였다. 그리고 유두지점에서 외측으로 2 cm 되는 점을 C point, 체표중앙에서 외측으로 6 cm 되는 점을 D point로 설정하였다. 유방 모형의 크기별로 각 측정지점에 MOSFET을 부착하여 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV의 X선 에너지로 조사하여 측정하였다. 이와 동일한 조건으로 납 2 mm의 두께로 차폐한 후의 선량 값과 납 2 mm 아래에 bolus 3 mm를 부착하여 차폐한 후의 선량 값을 얻었다. 결 과 : 유방 모형이 200 cc에서 500 cc로 커짐에 따라 유방 모형의 표면과 X선의 진행지점과의 거리가 A point에서는 2.14 cm에서 최대 1.23 cm으로 근접하였고 B point에서는 2.55 cm에서 1.31 cm으로 근접하였다. 유방 모형의 크기에 따라 180 cGy 기준으로 200 cc 대비 500 cc의 산란선 측정값이 A point에서 3.22 ~ 4.17%, B point에서 4.06 ~ 6.22%, C point는 0.4~0.5% 증가하였고, D point에서는 크기별로 측정값의 차이가 0.4% 미만이었다. X선 에너지가 커짐에 따라 6 MV 대비 15 MV X선에서 180cGy 기준으로 산란선이 A point에서는 4.06~5%, B point에서는 2.85~4.94%, C point에서는 0.74~1.65% 증가하였고, D point에서는 측정값 차이가 0.4% 미만이었다. 차폐체로 납 2 mm를 사용하였을 경우 A와 B point에서 평균 9.74%, C point에서 2.8%, D point에서 1% 미만의 산란선 감소효과가 있었고, 납과 bolus를 함께 차폐하였을 경우 A와 B point에서 평균 9.76%, C point에서 2.2%, D point에서 1% 미만의 산란선 감소효과가 있었다. 결 론 : 일반적으로 인공 유방 확대술을 받은 환자의 경우 유방의 크기에 따라 치료 반대편 유방 표면과 치료조사야의 거리가 가까울수록 유방 표면이 받는 산란선이 증가하였다. 동일한 크기의 유방 모형에서는 사용 X선 에너지가 커질수록 산란선에 의한 피폭이 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 이는 사용 X선의 에너지 선택에 있어 유방암의 방사선 치료계획에서 허용되는 한도에서는 낮은 X선 에너지의 사용이 반대측 유방의 선량 감소에 유리할 것으로 여겨진다. Purpose : To evaluate the dose on a contralateral breast and the usefulness of shielding according to the distance between the contralateral breast and the side of the beam by breast size when patients who got breast implant receive radiation therapy. Materials and Methods : We equipped 200 cc, 300 cc, 400 cc, and 500 cc breast model on the human phantom (Rando-phantom), acquired CT images (philips 16channel, Netherlands) and established the radiation treatment plan, 180 cGy per day on the left breast (EclipseTM ver10.0.42, Varian Medical Systems, USA) by size. We set up each points, A, B, C, and D on the right(contralateral) breast model for measurement by size and by the distance from the beam and attached MOSFET at each points. The 6 MV, 10 MV and 15 MV X-ray were irradiated to the left(target) breast model and we measured exposure dose of contralateral breast model using MOSFET. Also, at the same condition, we acquired the dose value after shielding using only Pb 2 mm and bolus 3 mm under the Pb 2 mm together. Results : As the breast model is bigger from 200 cc to 500 cc, The surface of the contralateral breast is closer to the beam. As a result, from 200 cc to 500 cc, on 180 cGy basis, the measurement value of the scattered ray inclined by 3.22 ~ 4.17% at A point, 4.06 ~ 6.22% at B point, 0.4~0.5% at C point, and was under 0.4% at D point. As the X-ray energy is higher, from 6 MV to 15 MV, on 180 cGy basis, the measurement value of the scattered ray inclined by 4.06~5% at A point, 2.85~4.94% at B point, 0.74~1.65% at C point, and was under 0.4% at D point. As using Pb 2 mm for shield, scattered ray declined by average 9.74% at A and B point, 2.8% at C point, and is under 1% at D point. As using Pb 2 mm and bolus together for shield, scattered ray declined by average 9.76% at A and B point, 2.2% at C point, and is under 1% at D point. Conclusion : Commonly, in case of patients who got breast implant, there is a distance difference by breast size between the contralateral breast and the side of beam. As the distance is closer to the beam, the scattered ray inclined. At the same size of the breast, as the X-ray energy is higher, the exposure dose by scattered ray tends to incline. As a result, as low as possible energy wihtin the plan dose is good for reducing the exposure dose.

Unilateral Psoriasis on the Left Leg and Poliomyelitis of the Right Leg: A Case Report and Review of the Etiology

김종욱,배경남,손진화,신기혁,Hoon Soo Kim,고현창,Moon Bum Kim,Byung Soo Kim 대한피부과학회 2023 Annals of Dermatology Vol.35 No.-

Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated, inf lammatory skin disease. However, unilateral psoriasis is rare and few cases have been reported. A 59-year-old male with a polio-affected right leg presented with exfoliative skin on the left leg for three months. He had been treated under the diagnosis of contact dermatitis with secondary infection. After the exfoliative skin lesions improved, psoriatic papules were noted, which was ultimately diagnosed as pso- riasis and successfully treated with topical steroid and vitamin D agents. We propose that the Koebner phenomenon has acted as the triggering and aggravating factor of unilateral psoriasis in this patient.

RF 파워에 따라 스퍼터된 Al doped ZnO 박막의 구조적, 광학적, 전기적 특성

김종욱,김덕규,김홍배,Kim, Jong-Wook,Kim, Deok-Kyu,Kim, Hong-Bae 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.3

We have studied structural, optical, and electrical properties of the Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films being usable in transparent conducting oxides. The AZO thin films were deposited on the corning 1737 glass plate by the RF magnetron sputtering system. To find optimal properties of AZO for transparent conducting oxides, the RF power in sputtering process was varied as 40 W, 60 W, and 80 W, respectively. As RF power increased, the crystallinity of AZO thin film was decreased, the optical bandgap of AZO thin film increased. The transmittance of the film was over 80% in the visible light range regardless of the changes in RF power. The measurement of Hall effect characterizes the whole thin film as n-type, and the electrical property was improved with increasing RF power. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the AZO thin films were affected by Al dopant content in AZO thin film.

과거 재난사례에 기초한 국가차원의 재난관리체계 확립방향

김종욱,조영준,Kim, Jong-Ouk,Cho, Young-Jun 한국건설관리학회 2010 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.5

현대인은 급속한 산업화로 인해 온갖 위험 속에서 살고 있다. 도시구조는 고층화 지하화가 가속되고 있으며, 자동차수의 증가 및 각종 산업 활동은 급격한 기후변화 등이 발생할 경우 대형 재난으로 발전될 가능성이 높은 실정이다. 이러한 재난에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해 소방방재청이 신설되었으나 재난에 효율적으로 대응하는 데는 한계가 있다는 지적이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 그 동안 발생되었던 자연재해와 인위 재난 등의 사례연구와 관리방안 등을 검토하여 재난관리조직, 재난 예방활동, 재난 대응체계, 재난 복구체계에 대한 개선방향을 제시하였다. Today many people live in various risks due to rapid industrialization. High-rise buildings and underground facilities are increasing in the heart of the city. It probably would be developed into a gigantic disasters complicated with sudden climate change. To effectively cope with these disasters, National Emergency Management Agency was set up, but it has been pointed that the Agency's role is limited to treat the problems. Therefore, emergency management system and disaster case study were reviewed and analyzed. And a Proposals for Improvement of the National Emergency Management System based on Past Disaster Cases was suggested in this paper.

온라인 소비자 구매결정과정에서의 제품관여도 효과에 관한 연구

김종욱,박상철,Kim, Jong-Uk,Park, Sang-Cheol 한국경영정보학회 2005 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.15 No.3

This research is to investigate the effects of product involvement on the selection of online shopping malls. From the statistical analysis of 282 response data, it was found that consumers buying products with higher involvement tend to shop in a shopping mall with greater trust, which provide more information regarding their products and a wider variety of products. The other purpose of this research is to investigate factors of shopping malls which influence the buyer's purchase intention. The results of data analysis indicate that consumers are more likely to buy in a shopping mall with greater trust, with detailed product information, and with higher entertaining contents. The results of the study indicate that the shopping malls which give more detailed product information to their customers and establish greater trust will finally lead to a higher sales revenue because more expensive products will be sold.

원유 ( 原乳 )의 유질개선에 관한 연구 - 청주근교 유질을 중심으로 -

김종욱,김내수 ( Jong Wook Kim,Nae Soo Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.6

The physical, chemical and bacteriological qualities of the raw milk on handling stages, farms and seasons were investigated to make basic data on the improvement of raw milk quality. The bacteriological quality changes of raw milk according to handling stages were as follows: the number of live bacteria per milliliter milk were 180,000 before filtration, 320,000 after filtration, 6,100,000 before transportation to the milk plant and 8,100,000 at the dairy plant; the number of coliform bacteria per milliliter milk were 4,700 before filtration, 7,300 after filtration, 78,000 before transportation to the milk plant and 87,000 at the milk plant. It was discussed that the filtration process increased the number of bacteria because of contaminated filter clothes and breaking of dirt during filtration. The necessity for the introduction of bulk tanks and refrigerated truck tank was emphasized. The number of bacteria in cleaning water and equipments were as follows the number of live bacteria per milliliter were 30,000,000 in udder washing water in a band milking and 1,300,000 in a machine milking, 270,000 in a milking machine, 60,000/㎠ in filter clothes, 44∼1,200 in running water, however, there was no coliform bacteria in running water. The bacteriological quality of 179 samples collected from milk cans carried from 9 farms every month for a period of one year was as follows: the average number of live bacteria was 7,100,000/㎖, the ratio of Grade A milk with colony counts under 100,000/㎖ was 11% of the samples examined, and the ratio of a tolerable quality with colony counts under 2,000,000/㎖ was 55%; the average number of coliform bacteria was 310,000/㎖ and the ratio of coliform negative samples was only 3.4%. Although there were much differences between dairy farms in the raw milk quality, there was not much differences between seasons. It was suggested that the cleaning of barns and milking equipments was not properly done during cold winter season. The necessity of a campaign for the improvement of raw milk quality was emphasized.

밍크정자에 있어서의 효소분포

김종욱,M . S . 아마드 . W . D . 킷츠 . C . R . 크리쉬나머터 ( J . W . Kim,M . S . Ahmad,W . D . Kitts,C . R . Krishnamurti ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Epididymal spermatzea of mink were used to study the ceallurar localization of several enzymes. Very strong acid phosphatase activity was found in the equatorial region of the head and tail(middle and principal pieces) of spermatozoa while strong activity was found in the galea dapitis, acrosome, and postacrosomal sheath. Strong alkaline phosphatnse activity was detected in the galea capitis acrosome, post-acrosomal sheath and tail. The activity of glucose-o-phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase were confined to the middle piece. The reaction of glucoseo-phosphatase was very strong while that of 5-nucleotidase appeared weak. The activity of ADPase and ATPase was distributed strongly in the tail and it was localized weakly in the acrosome and postacrosomal sheath. The galea capitis was weakly stained by ATPase. Most phosphatases were localizd in the acrosome postacrosomal sheath, and tail, with the exception of glucose-6-phosphatatase and 5-nucleotidase which were confined to the middle piece. Weak non-specific esterase activity was located in the base of the head and middle piece. The activity of DOPA oxidase was weakly spread in the acrosome, postacrosomal sheatin, and tail. Although the activity of malate dehydrogenase was distribueted in the base of the head and tail, the rest of the dehydrogerase activity examined (succinate, lactate, and isocitrate dehydrogenases except 6-phosphogl accnic dehydrogenase) was confined to the middle piece. The activity of succinate was the strongest among the examined dehydrogenases. The activity of NADH diaphorase was strongly confined to the middle piece. The metabolic enzymes (glueose-6 phosphatase, dehidrogeanses, and NADH diaphorase) were confined to the middle piece, while the activity of malate clehydrogenase was found so be extended to the head base and base and principal piece. The lytic enzymes, acid phosphatase and esterase were localized in the acrosomal portion.

패트리 넷에서의 교착 상태 확인 알고리즘 성능분석

김종욱,이종근,Kim, Jong-Woog,Lee, Jong-Kun 한국시뮬레이션학회 2009 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.18 No.1

Since a deadlock is a condition in which the excessive demand for the resources being used by others causes activities to stop, it is very important to detect and prevent a deadlock. About the deadlock detection analysis methods are may divide like as Siphon, DAPN and transitive matrix, but it's very difficult to evaluate the performance. Since DES (Discrete Event Systems) is NP-hard, and these detection and avoidance methods used various factors in each technique, it's made difficult to compare with each other's. In this paper, we are benchmarked these deadlock detection analyze methods based on the complexity, the detection time and the understanding after approached to one example.

밍크정자의 성숙에 따른 전자현미경적 형태변화

김종욱,M . S . 아흐마드,W . D . 킷츠 ( J . W . Kim,M . S . Ahmad,W . D . Kitts ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.5

The maturation changes in viability and morphology were studied in the present investigation with spermatozoa collected from the testis, three successive parts of the epididymis and from ejaculated semen in the mink. The motility of spermatozoa was found to be significantly increased (p $lt; 0.05) during the spermatozoan passage through successive parts of the reproductive system. Ejaculated spermatozoa collected from females after mating was less active compared to that of cauda spermatozoa. While testicular spermatozoa was nor-motile, a comparatively high per cent of motility was acquired by spermatozoa during their transit in the epididymis. Although the total head length of spermatozoa changed very little, the anterior acrosomal length was significantly decreased (p$lt; 0.001) while the postacrosomal length increased significantly (p$lt; 0.05) during transit from the testis to the epididymis. The equatorial length of testicular spermatozoa was smaller than that of epididymal spermatozoa. Even though the apical length significantly decreased (p $lt; 0.001) when spermatozoa moved from the testis and caput epididymis to the corpus and cauda epididymis, the nuclear length maintained almost similar vaaues during passage through the reproductive tract The acrosomal thickness of spermatozoa significantly decreased Ip $lt; 0.001) from the testis to the epididymis. The head length of ejaculated spematozoa were smaller than those of spermatozoa obtained from the reproductive tract. Many abnormal spermatozoa were found in the testis and caput epididymis. There was an increase of separation of the cell memlbrane from the acrosome (p $lt; 0.05) as spermatozoa passed down the reproductive tract. Such cell membrane separation from the acrosome was more pronounced in ejaculated spermatozoa. There was no statistical difference between spermatozoa removed from different parts of the reproductive tract in the damage of the acrosomal membrane. The occurrence of the postacrosomal swelling significantly increased (p$lt; 0.01) from testicular and caput spermatozoa to corpus and cauda spermatozoa. Almost all ejaculated spermatozoa had swellings. The incidence of the cytoplasmic droplet significantly (p$lt; 0.001) diminished from testicular spermatozoa to epididymal spermatozoa. A few ejaculated spermatozoa had the droplet.

밍크정자의 미세구조

김종욱,M . S . 아흐마드 . W . D . 킷츠 ( J . W . Kim,M . S . Ahmadd,W . D . Kitts ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The subcellular structure of epididymal spermatozoa obtained from standard dark mink was studied by means of electron microscopy, using thin-sectioning techniques. The spermatozoan head was seen to be dorsoventrally flattened and ovate in outline. The anterior two-third of the nucleus was covered with the acrosome which can be divided into three segments (apical, man and equatorial) according to the acrosomal content. The posterior one-third was covered with the postaucrosomal sheath which was a dense layer deposited on the inner aspect of the cell membrane. On the dorsal and ventral and ventral and ventral aspects of the bead, six swellings were observed; two of these were located at each side of the proximal border of the equatorial segment, and one was associated with the pestacrosomal region on each side. The cell membrane adhered firmly to the tip of the acrosome and to the postacrosomal sheath, but was found to be usually separated from the rest of the acroseme. The articular structure of the neck appeared to show separate dorsal and ventral plates of the capitulum which were followed by a ring of striated columns of the connecting piece. These striated columns were followed by two major and five minor columns which appeared io continue with the nine dense fibers of the axial fiber bundles. Beneath the inner surface of the capitulum, the proximal centriole wes found in the center of the connected ring. The spermatozoan tail displayed a 9+9+2 pattern in the organization of the axial fiber bundle consting of the dense fibers, double microtubules, and a central pair. The dense fibers number 9, 1, 5, and 6 were larger in diameter than the rest of the dense fibers. In the axonemal complex, the diameter of subfiber A was larger than the central fiber, while that of subfiber B was the smallest. The middle piece was of medium length compared with other mammalian spermatozoa. The annulus was triangular in longitudinal sections and contained nonhomogeneously distributed electron dense material. The fibrous sheath had longitudinal columns. Although the end piece maintained the 9+2 pattern, it did not have the fibrous sheath.