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Investigation of ZnO:Al Thin Films Sputtered at Different Deposition Temperatures
김덕규,김홍배 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.10
ZnO:Al (AZO) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by using RF magnetron sputtering at various deposition temperature, and their properties were investigated. With increasing deposition temperature, the crystallinity was slightly improved, whereas the resistivity continuously deteriorated due to a decrease in the mobility and in the carrier concentration. From an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the behaviors of the mobility and the carrier concentration were affected by impurity bonding such as oxygen species on the film surface. The mobility decreased due to an increase in the potential height and was the main factor at a low deposition temperature (200 C). In addition, the carrier concentration decrease due to the trapping of electrons and to the reduction of oxygen vacancy and was dominant factor at a high deposition temperature (400 C). For the deposition of AZO films, if improved electrical properties are to be obtained, the deposition temperature needs to choose so as to minimize the impurity bonding.
Monostotic Paget's Disease of the Lumbar Spine Mimicking Vertebral Metastasis: A Case Report
김덕규,은종필,박정수 대한척추신경외과학회 2011 Neurospine Vol.8 No.3
Paget’s disease of the bone is the second-most-common metabolic bone disease. However, it is rarely found in the Far East. Vertebral Paget’s disease usually occurs at multiple vertebral levels, with less than 20% of vertebral Paget’s disease being monostotic. Here, we present a rare case of monostotic vertebral Paget’s disease, which we initially misdiagnosed as a spinal metastasis. A 34-year-old man was admitted with a one-month history of lower back pain. Initially, computed tomography of the lumbar spine showed an osteolytic change of the L4 and mild expansion of the L4 vertebral body. Subsequently, magnetic resonance imaging showed a highly homogenously enhanced L4 vertebral body. We performed positron-emission tomography, bone scan, and tumor marker evaluation. However, we could not detect any likely primary origin of the spinal metastasis. Therefore, we carried out a needle bone biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance, and the bone specimen revealed Paget’s disease of the bone.
제Ⅱ형 당뇨병의 이상지혈증에 관한 연구 : 당뇨병성 이상지혈증의 연구
김덕규 한국지질학회 1994 韓國脂質學會誌 Vol.4 No.1
To know the actual prevalence of diabetic dyslipidema for lipid lowering therapy, the author analized the lipid profiles of the type II diabetics in the hospital setting with American Diabetes Association treatment recommendation for diabetic dyslipidemia. In addition, the author tried to find the relationship between sex, body mass index and lipid profiles of the same diabetics. As a result, the prevalence of diabetic dyslipidemia for lipid lowering therapy was 58%. In the male diabetics, the obesity(body mass index≥25) was related to increased levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride, and to decreased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. In the female diabetics, above relationship did not exist. In conclusion, the actual prevalence of diabetic dyslipidemia was 58% and male obese diabetics had more atherogetaic lipid profiles than female obese diabetics.
김덕규,박하주,박현,Kim, Dockyu,Park, Ha Ju,Park, Hyun The Microbiological Society of Korea 2016 미생물학회지 Vol.52 No.1
남극 해양세균 Pseudoalteromonas sp. PAMC 21150에서 분리한 소형 플라스미드(small plasmid, pDK4)의 크기는 3,480bp이고 G+C 함량은 41.64%이며, 3개의 open reading frames(ORFs)을 포함하고 있다. 3개의 ORF는 replication initiation protein (RepA), conjugative mobilization protein (Mob), 그리고 기능이 밝혀지지 않은 단백질을 코팅하고 있다. PCR 반응으로 증폭한 pDK4를 Escherichia coli high-copy pUC19 클로닝 벡터에 삽입하여 fusion vector (pDOC153)를 제작하였고, pDOC 153에 chloramphenicol 저항성 유전자를 삽입하여 ampicillin/chloramphenicol 저항성 Pseudoalteromonas - Escherichia coli 셔틀 벡터(shuttle vector; 7,216 bp 크기; pDOC155)를 제작하였다. 북극 해양세균 P. issachenkonii PAMC 22718이 보유한 2개의 유전자(TonB-dependent receptor gene, chi22718_IV, and exochitinase gene, chi22718_III)를 pDOC155에 삽입하여 두 개의 pDOC155 변형체(pDOC158, pDOC165)를 제작하였다. pDOC158 혹은 pDOC165을 이용하여 triparental mating 방법에 의해 플리스미드 미보유 해양세균인 Pseudoalteromonas sp. PAMC 22137를 형질전환하였다. PCR을 이용한 유전자 증폭실험을 통해서, pDOC158와 pDOC165에 삽입된 유전자들은 Pseudoalteromonas sp. PAMC 22137와 E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ 내에서 안정적으로 유지되는 것을 확인하였다. 위의 결과는 셔틀 벡터 pDOC155는 Pseudoalteromonas spp. 유래 유전자들을 다른 Pseudoalteromonas spp. 세포 안으로 전달할 수 있는 새로운 유전자 전달시스템으로 이용될 수 있음을 보여주었다. A small plasmid (pDK4) from the Antarctic marine organism Pseudoalteromonas sp. PAMC 21150, was purified, sequenced and analyzed. pDK4 was determined to be 3,480 bp in length with a G+C content of 41.64% and contains three open reading frames encoding a replication initiation protein (RepA), a conjugative mobilization protein (Mob) and a hypothetical protein. PCR-amplified pDK4 was cloned in high-copy pUC19 to yield the fusion vector pDOC153. The chloramphenicol resistance gene was inserted into pDOC153 to give an ampicillin and chloramphenicol-resistant, Pseudoalteromonas - Escherichia coli shuttle vector (7,216 bp; pDOC155). The TonB-dependent receptor (chi22718_IV ) and exochitinase (chi22718_III ) genes from Arctic marine P. issachenkonii PAMC 22718 were cloned into pDOC155 to produce pDOC158 and pDOC165, respectively. Both vector derivatives were transferred into plasmid-free Pseudoalteromonas sp. PAMC 22137 by the triparental mating method. PCR experiments showed that the genes were stably maintained both in Pseudoalteromonas sp. PAMC 22137 and E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ cells, indicating the potential use of pDOC155 as a new gene transfer system into marine Pseudoalteromonas spp.
RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 제조한 GZO 박막의 Ar 유량에 따른 특성
김덕규,Kim, Deok Kyu 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.33 No.6
In this study, ZnO:Ga thin films were fabricated on a glass substrate using various Ar flows by an RF magnetron sputter system at room temperature. The dependencies of Ar flow on different properties were investigated. An appropriate control over the Ar flow led to the formation of a high-quality thin film. The ZnO:Ga films were formed as a hexagonal wurtzite structure with high (002) preferential orientation. The films exhibited a typical columnar microstructure and a smooth top face. The average transmittance was 85~89% within the visible area. By decreasing the Ar flow, the sheet resistance was decreased due to an increase in the grain size and a decrease in the root mean square roughness. The lowest sheet resistance of 86 Ω/□ was obtained at room temperature for the 40 sccm Ar flow.
김덕규,이형석,Kim, Dockyu,Lee, Hyoungseok The Microbiological Society of Korea 2019 미생물학회지 Vol.55 No.1
남극 연안 툰드라 토양에서 리그닌 분해능이 있는 Pseudomonas sp. PAMC 29040를 분리하였으며, 이후 토양 유기물의 주요 구성성분인 복합유기화합물 부식질 분해능을 확인하였다. 부식질 초기 저분자화 효소(예, dye-decolorizing peroxidase)와 부식질 유래의 다양한 저분자 분해산물들을 분해하는 효소들(예, vanillate O-demethylase)를 탐색하기 위해 PAMC 29040 게놈 염기서열을 분석하였다. 분석을 통해서 최종 확보한 효소유전자 정보는 저온환경에 서식하는 토양 세균의 부식질 분해경로 제안에 활용될 것이다. Pseudomonas sp. PAMC 29040 was isolated from a maritime tundra soil in Antarctica for its ability to degrade lignin and subsequently confirmed to be able to depolymerize heterogeneous humic substance (HS), a main component of soil organic matter. The draft genome sequences of PAMC 29040 were analyzed to discover the putative genes for depolymerization of polymeric HS (e.g., dye-decolorizing peroxidase) and catabolic degradation of HS-derived small aromatics (e.g., vanillate O-demethylase). The information on degradative genes will be used to finally propose the HS degradation pathway(s) of soil bacteria inhabiting cold environments.
RF Magnetron Sputtering법으로 제작한 ZnO:Al 박막의 초기 압력에 따른 특성
김덕규,김홍배,Kim, D.K.,Kim, H.B. 한국진공학회 2011 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.20 No.2
ZnO:Al 박막을 RF magnetron sputtering 법을 이용하여 초기 압력에 따라 증착하고 박막의 구조적, 광학적, 전기적 특성을 연구하였다. 초기 압력 변화에 의해 ZnO:Al 박막의 특성의 변화를 확인하였고 고품질의 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. 모든 ZnO:Al 박막에서 (002)면의 우선 배향성을 보였으며 가시광선 영역(400~800 nm)에서 85% 이상의 좋은 투과도를 보였다. 초기 압력이 낮아질수록 결정성, 비저항 그리고 성능지수 특성이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 초기 압력에 따른 비저항의 향상은 결정립 크기 변화에 의한 것으로 판단된다. ZnO:Al thin films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering with various base pressure, and their structural, optical, and electrical properties were studied. The influence of the base pressure on the ZnO:Al thin film was confirmed and a high-quality thin film was obtained by controlling the base pressure. In all Al-doped ZnO thin films, the preferred orientation of (002) plane was observed and light transmittance in visible region (400 nm~800 nm) had above 85%. With decreasing of base pressure, crystallinity, resistivity, and figure of merit were improved. The improvement of resistivity with base pressure was attributed to the change of grain size.
김덕규 한국중앙영어영문학회 2010 영어영문학연구 Vol.52 No.4
Ecocriticism is an activity which adapts us better to the world and may possibly play a role in the welfare and survival of mankind through the insight it offers. Therefore, it is very imperative that children’s literature be concerned with social issues related to environmental problems and the interconnection between nature and culture. This paper is focused on the ecocriticism of three picture books and three young adult fictions: Brother Eagle, Sister Sky, The Lorax, Zoo, Charlotte’s Web, City of Beasts, and Calypso Dreaming. For the approach to these children’s books, three ecocritical positions were applied; ecocentrism, deep ecology, and ecofeminism. In these books, the writers use each story as a vehicle to question the central beliefs of our society concerning the environment, and these stories also bestow artistic as well as scientific ecological insight and commit to the preservation of the biological diversity of the planet for all its inhabitants. It is old knowledge that we make and are made by the environment where we live. We are part of the environment and human beings can affect it negatively as well as positively. The future world of the environment will bear the imprint of human endeavor and aspirations. It can be either utopia or dystopia.
김덕규,박희찬 한국특수아동학회 2003 특수아동교육연구 Vol.5 No.1
본 연구는 한국과 일본의 정신지체 영역 전공과 운영실태를 분석ㆍ비교하는데 목적을 두었다. 연구대상은 한국의 정신지체학교 전공과 21개와 일본의 양호학교 전공과 7개였으며, 조사를 위하여 전공과 관련 학생과 교육을 중심으로 설문지를 개발하였다. 조사된 자료는 문항에 따라 빈도와 비율, 유사점과 차이점으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 한국과 일본의 정신지체 영역 전공과 간에는 입학자격, 전형방법, 전공과 졸업 후 취업률에서는 유사하였으나, 학급당 학생수와 고등부 졸업 후 전공과 진학률은 한국이 높았다. 또한 교육목표, 교육과정, 수업연한, 주당 수업시수는 양국이 각각 달랐다. 한국에서의 교육목표와 교육과정은 직업인 양성에 중점을 두고 있으나, 일본은 전인격적 발달에 중점을 두고 있었다. 고등부 교육과정과의 연계성에서 한국의 전공과는 고등부와 별도로 운영하는 학교가 많았고, 일본은 고등부와 연계하여 운영하는 학교가 더 많아 양국간 차이가 있었다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 우리나라 정신지체학교 전공과 운영 방향을 제언하였다. This study analyzed and compared postsecondary special school programs for students with mental retardation in Korea and Japan. Investigations were conducted in 21 and 7 post-secondary programs in Korea and Japan, respectively. Questionnaires were developed to survey regarding student and education of the postsecondary programs. Data were analyzed using frequency and ratio in some questionnaire items and using contents analysis of similarities and differences in others. Results of the study showed that little differences were existed between Korea and Japan postsecondary special school programs in terms of entry qualification, entry examination method, and employment rates after postsecondary programs. However, students per class and rate toward postsecondary program from high school were higher in Korea than in Japan. The two countries had different education goals, curriculum, study period, and number of classes per week. Whereas the education goals and curriculum in Korea focused on the development of vocational training, education goals in Japan stressed overall personal development. Based on study results, future directions for postsecondary special school programs to take in Korea were proposed.