영구 혈액투석 경로의 경피적 중재술$^1$

김재형,도영수,신성욱,허우성,오하영,변홍식,Kim, Jae-Hyeong,Do, Yeong-Su,Sin, Seong-Uk,Heo, U-Seong,O, Ha-Yeong,Byeon, Hong-Sik 대한영상의학회 2003 대한영상의학회지 Vol.48 No.1

목적: 영구 혈액투석 경로 기능부전의 중재적 치료로 경피적 혈관성형술과 유로키나제를 이용한 맥동살포법에 의한 혈전용해술의 유효성을 평가하고 중재적 치료 전후 개통률에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하였다. 대상과 방법: 1995년에서 2001년까지 혈액투석 경로의 기능부전으로 의뢰된 105예를 중재적 치료를 하였다. 38예는 인공 동정맥루이고 67예의 동정맥 이식편이었다.53예는 경피적 혈관성형술 만을 시도했으며 47예는 유로키나제를 이용한 맥동살포 혈전용해술과 혈관성형술을 시도하였다. 중재적 시술의 성공률과 장기 개통률을 평가하였다. 환자의 나이, 성별, 당뇨병의 유무, 혈액투석 경로의 위치, 동정맥 이식편의 종류, 동정맥 이식편의 배출 정맥, 중심정맥의 협착 유무, 잔존협착의 정도, 중재적 시술 방법에 따라 개통률의 차이를 평가하여 중재적 시술에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하였다. 결과: 혈액투석 경로의 기능부전에 대한 중재적 치료의 성공률은 83.8%(88/105)였다. 전체적인 일차 개통률은 6개월에 58.7 $\pm$5.2%이며, 1년에 43.0 $\pm$6.0%,2년에 18.1 $\pm$6.0%였다. 인공동정맥루 / 동정맥 이식편 각각의 개통률은 6개월에 55.9 $\pm$9.2%/57.8 $\pm$6.5%, 1년에 45.8$\pm$10.0%/42.7%$\pm$8.4%,2년에 21.8%$\pm$9.8%/18.9 $\pm$8.4%였다. 전체적인 이차 개통률은 2년에 40.0 $\pm$8.1%였으며 95%유의 수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 요인은 없었으나 30%이상의 잔존협착이 있는 경우 (p=0.054)개통률이 감소하였다. 결론: 혈액투석 경로의 기능부전에 대한 중재적 치료는 높은 성공률과 개통률을 보이며 효과적인 일차적 치료방법이다. 잔존 협착이 30%이상인 경우 개통률이 낮아지는 경향을 보이며 이외 중재적 치료와 연관된 중요한 요인은 없는 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (PSPMT) using urokinase for the management of insufficient hemodyalitic access, and to identify contributory patency-related factors following interventional procedures. Materials and Methods: Between August 1995 and July 2001, 105 cases of insufficient hemodyalitic access involving 38 artificial arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) and 67 graft arteriovenous fistulae (AVG) were treated interventionally. The patients underwent PTA alone in 53 cases and PSPMT combined with PTA in 47, and procedural success and long-term patency were evaluated in terms of a patient's age and sex, the presence of diabetes, the location of access, the type of AVG, the draining vein of AVG, the presence of central vein stenosis, the degree of residual stenosis, and the method of interventional procedure, and contributory factors were thus identified. Results: The overall technical success rate of interventional management was 83.8% (88/105), while the overall primary patency rate was 58.7$\pm$5.2% at 6 months, 43.0$\pm$6.0% at 1 year, and 18.1$\pm$6.0% at 2 years. In AVF/AVG groups, primary patency rates were 55.9$\pm$9.2%/57.8$\pm$6.5% at 6 months, 45.8$\pm$10.0%/42.7$\pm$8.4% at 1 year, and 21.8%$\pm$9.8%/18.9$\pm$6.5% at 2 years. The overall secondary patency rate was 40.0$\pm$8.1% at 2 years. No contributory factors were found (95% confidence level), though patency of access decreased when residual stenosis was more than 30% (p=0.054). Conclusion: Interventional management of insufficient hemodyalitic access has high success and patency rates, and is an effective primary method. There appear to be no contributory factors, though residual stenosis of more than 30% tends to decrease the patency of hemodialytic access.

포러스 콘크리트의 배합에 따른 공극률과 투수계수에 관한 연구

김재형(Kim Jae Hyoung),조재훈(Cho Jae Hun),김기환(Kim Ki Hoan),박기영(Park Ki Yeong),권혁문(Kwon Hyug Moon) 대한토목학회 2002 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.11

말기암 환자의 자살과 자살면책약관의 해석 (서울고법 2005.7.22 선고, 2005 나 8301 판결)

김재형 ( Jae Hyeong Kim ),이영훈 ( Yeong Hoon Lee ) 한국상사판례학회 2006 상사판례연구 Vol.19 No.1

영국해상보험법상 고지의무의 중요한 사항

김재형 ( Jae Hyeong Kim ),전영주 ( Yeong Ju Jeon ) 한국상사판례학회 2006 상사판례연구 Vol.19 No.4

기술도입대가(技術導入代價)의 결정요인(決定要因)

이원영,김재형,Lee, Won-Yeong,Kim, Jae-Hyeong 한국개발연구원 1987 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.9 No.1

기술(技術)의 도입자(導入者)는 그 대가(代價)로서 기술공여자측(技術供與者側)의 직접비용(直接費用)뿐만 아니라 시장진출(市場進出) 기회(機會)의 상실을 보상하여 주는 간접비용(間接費用) 및 기술시장(技術市場)의 불완전(不完全)함에 따른 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)까지 지불(支拂)하여야 한다. 본고(本稿)에서는 기술도입대가(技術導入代價)에서 직접비용(直接費用), 간접비용(間接費用) 및 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)이 차지하는 비중(比重)을 기술도입업체(技術導入業體)에 대한 설문조사(設問調査)를 통하여 밝히고, 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)의 결정요인(決定要因)을 분석(分析)하였다. 실증분석(實證分析) 결과(結果)에 의하면, 첫째, 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)의 비중(比重)은 기술(技術)의 성격(性格)에 따라 큰 차이를 보이고 있기는 하나 평균적(平均的)으로 전체(全體) 기술대가(技術代價)에서 약 70% 이상(以上)을 차지하고 있고, 둘째 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)의 비중(比重)의 결정요인(決定要因)은 기술(技術)이 개발(開發)된 시점(時點)에서 이전(移轉)될 때까지의 시차(時差), 세계적(世界的)으로 동일기술(同一技術)의 잠재적(潛在的) 공여가능기업(供與可能企業)의 수(數) 및 기술(技術)이 일본(日本)으로부터 도입(導入)되었는지의 여부(與否)를 포함(包含)한다. 즉, 기술(技術)이 개발(開發)된 후 도입시기(導入時期)까지의 기간이 길수록, 기술(技術)의 잠재적(潛在的) 공여가능기업(供與可能企業)의 수(數)가 많을수록 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)의 비중(比重)은 낮아지며, 일본(日本)의 기술공여자(技術供與者)는 다른 나라의 공여자(供與者)에 비하여 보다 높은 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)을 대가(代價)에 포함시킨다.

Association Between Temporomandibular Disorders and Cervical Muscle Pressure Pain

임영관,김재형,김병국,Im, Yeong-Gwan,Kim, Jae-Hyeong,Kim, Byung-Gook Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine 2008 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.33 No.4

Aims: The aims of this study were to identify the association between cervical muscle pain and TMD by pressure pain response, and to find cervical muscles showing moderate to severe pressure pain that are correlated with masticatory muscle pain. Methods: Patients(n=129, female 65.9%, mean age 28.8 years) answered a TMD questionnaire asking about headache, neck pain, emotional stress, sleep disturbance, parafunction habits, and pain intensity. A clinical examination of the masticatory system was performed. Of the neck muscles, (1) the upper sternocleidomastoid, (2) the middle sternocleidomastoid, (3) the upper trapezius, (4) the splenius capitis, (5) the semispinalis capitis, (6) the scalene medius, and (7) the levator scapulae muscles were examined by palpation. Pressure pain or tenderness of all palpation sites was scored from 0 to 3 according to the pain response. The variables of sum of pressure pain scores were calculated from pressure pain scores and were used for statistical analyses. Results: Eighty patients(62.0%) answered that they suffer from neck pain in the TMD questionnaire. More than 40% of sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius examination sites showed moderate to severe tenderness in the cervical muscles, and 36% of middle masseter in the masticatory muscles. For the 129 patients, the sum of cervical muscle pain scores(mean=12.88, SD=8.06) and the sum of TMD pain scores(mean=5.36, SD=5.10) were moderately correlated($\rho$ = 0.502, P < 0.001). The sum of TMD pain scores tends to increase as the sum of cervical muscle pain scores increases(Y = 0.395${\cdot}$X, $R^2$ = 0.659, P < 0.001). In the patients with masticatory muscle disorders, the sum of sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius pain scores(mean = 8.67, SD = 4.95) and the sum of temporalis and masseter pain scores(mean = 3.37, SD = 3.56) showed moderate correlation($\rho$ = 0.375, P < 0.001). Those two variables were in a proportionate relationship(Y = 0.359${\cdot}$X, $R^2$ = 0.538, P < 0.001). In a partial correlation analysis of the sum of unilateral pain scores, the sum of right cervical muscle pain scores and the sum of left cervical muscle pain scores showed the highest correlation(r = 0.802, P < 0.001). The sum of right TMD pain scores and the sum of left TMD pain scores were moderately correlated(r = 0.481, P < 0.001). For the twenty patients with unilateral TMD pain, the partial correlation coefficient between the sum of ipsilateral cervical muscle pain scores and the sum of contralateral cervical muscle pain scores was the largest(r = 0.597, P = 0.009). A partial correlation between the sum of primary TMD side pain scores and the sum of ipsilateral cervical muscle pain scores was 0.564(P = 0.015). Conclusions: TMD is associated with cervical muscle pain on condition of pressure pain response to palpation. Of the cervical muscles, sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius frequently exhibit moderate to severe pressure pain, and they are closely related to the masticatory muscle pain. The characteristic of symmetric involvement of pain is prominent in cervical muscles; however, TMD can affect the level of cervical muscle pain to modify its symmetric nature.

All DSP 기반의 비편광 FOG 설계 및 제작

윤영규,김재형,이상혁,Yoon, Yeong-Gyoo,Kim, Jae-Hyung,Lee, Sang-Hyuk 한국정보통신학회 2010 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.14 No.8

간섭형 Fiber optic gyroscope(FOG)는 Sagnac 효과를 이용한 회전센서로 알려져 있으며, 성능 개선을 위한 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 본 논문은 개루프 방식의 FOG 개발과 FPGA를 이용한 디지털 신호처리 기술을 다루고 있다. 첫 번째 목표는 양호한 bias stability(0.22deg/h), Scale factor stability, 단일모드 광섬유를 이용한 낮은 Angle randomwalk(0.07deg/$\sqrt[]{h}$)와 저가의 중급 자이로(Pointing grade)의 설계를 목표로 하고 있다. 두 번째 목표는 광검출기의 출력신호를 고속 ADC로 직접 변환 후 디지털 신호처리를 하는 FOG용 FPGA 개발이다. 본 연구에서 사용한 Cascaded integrator-comb(CIC)타입의 데시메이션 필터는 Adder와 Shift register만으로 구성되어 적은 계산량을 요구하므로 모든 디지털 FOG 프로세서를 저가의 프로세서로도 사용이 가능하다. The interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are well known as sensors of rotation, which are based on Sagnac effect, and have been under development for a number of years to meet a wide range of performance requirements. This paper describes the development of open-loop FOG and digital signal processing techniques implemented on FPGA. Our primary goal was to obtain intermediate accuracy (pointing grade) with a good bias stability (0.22deg) and scale factor stability, extremely low angle random walk (0.07deg) and significant cost savings by using a single mode fiber. A secondary goal is to design all digital FOG signal processing algorithms with which the SNR at the digital demodulator output is enhanced substantially due to processing gain. The Cascaded integrator bomb(CIC) type of decimation filter only requires adders and shift registers, low cost processors which has low computing power still can used in this all digital FOG processor.

Line-of-Sight 안정화 시스템을 위한 저가형 광자이로스코프 구현

윤영규(Yeong Gyoo Yoon),이상민(Sang-Min Lee),김재형(Jae Hyung Kim) 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.21 No.2

In general, open-loop fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOG) are less stable than closed-loop FOGs but they offer simpler implementation. The typical operation time of line-of-sight (LOS) stabilization systems is a few seconds to one hour. In this paper, a open-loop fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) for LOS applications is designed and implemented. The design goal is aimed at implementing a low cost, compact FOG with low Angle Random Walk (ARW) (<0.03deg/sqrt {h}) and bias instability (<0.25deg/h). The FOG uses an open-loop all-fiber configuration with 100M PM fiber wound on a small diameter spool. In order to get the design goal, digital signal processing techniques for signal detection, modulation control and compensation are designed and implemented in FPGA.

The Chewing Efficiency of Occlusal Stabilization Appliances by Anatomy of the Occlusal Surface

임영관,최충호,김재형,이종욱,김병국,Im, Yeong-Gwan,Choi, Choong-Ho,Kim, Jae-Hyeong,Rhee, Chong-Ouk,Kim, Byung-Gook Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine 2005 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.30 No.3

Occlusal appliance therapy has been proven to be very useful and effective in reducing signs and symptoms of patients with TMD. However, there are no reports about the masticatory efficiency of the occlusal appliance. The purpose of this study was, first, to investigate the masticatory efficiency of the conventional stabilization appliance experimentally in normal healthy subjects, by comparing it with that of their natural dentition; and, second, to develop a modified stabilization appliance as an attempt to increase masticatory efficiency. Eleven subjects (mean age 25.3 years, range from 23 to 33) participated in this study. Six were men and five were women. They were healthy and had complete or near―complete natural dentition, and did not present with signs or symptoms of TMD. Two kinds of occlusal appliances―the conventional flat maxillary stabilization appliance (i.e., FSA) and a modified maxillary stabilization appliance with additional anatomic structures on its occlusal surface (i.e., ASA)―were made for every subject. Subjects chewed peanuts that were selected as a food to test the three masticatory conditions of the natural dentition, the ASA, and the FSA. The number of chewing strokes was counted during each 1-minute chewing period. Chewed peanut boluses were recovered and their hardness was measured by texture analysis. Statistical tests were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. The masticatory efficiency of the FSA was 38.6 percent that of the natural dentition. The efficiency of the ASA was 78.2 percent that of the natural dentition. 2. The number of chewing strokes in the natural dentition condition was measured to be 1.5 strokes per second. It decreased to 90 percent in the ASA and FSA conditions. These results indicate that the ASA could serve an improved masticatory capacity as well as its therapeutic effects in TMD. A clinical application of the ASA should be considered to extend the management of TMD patients.

DSP 기반의 비편광 광자이로스코프 설계

윤영규(Yoon Yeong Gyoo),김재형(Kim Jae Hyung) 한국통신학회 2008 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.11