『일년』의 검열과 개작

김영애(Kim, Young-Ae) 한국현대소설학회 2020 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.79

Park Young-joons “The One Year” is a double-deletion of the original work through two censorships. They include the deletion of the original copy by external censorship at the time of the first announcement in the Shindonga, and the revision by the author in the process of publishing the book after liberation. With the aim of exploring the reasons and backgrounds of double deletion due to external and self-censorship during the colonial period and after liberation, this paper tried to provide specific grounds through text comparison between the Shindonga edition in 1934 and the separate volume in 1974. Even in the prior study, which analyzed the text “The One Year” based on the keywords of censorship and reformation, the issue of rewriting by writers was not dealt with as important. The reason is that the publication of the book is very late and this may be partly due to the fact that the original work has already been censored and deleted. Based on the achievements and limitations of prior research, this study tried to discuss the overall censorship and rewriting aspects of the book by adding discussions on the revision of the book. “The One Year” is a work of double deletion, from the deletion during the colonial period to the revision and deletion by the author himself 40 years later. While the first deletion was compulsory by external censorship, the second was by the authors self-censorship. It is not a simple matter to extend beyond the level of refinement of the original work to the revision of narrative composition. Park Young-joon voluntarily declared his conversion right after the establishment of the of the independent government. It is possible to guess what purpose and background the self-censorship and conversion of “The One Year”. Park Young-joon, who was classified as a “middle-class” after liberation, was forced to choose his regime in 1949 due to his declaration of conversion, which forced him to erase his earlier literary identity, and his conversion can be estimated as a result of his self-censorship of his career in the Chosun Literary Union after liberation.

신경교 세포에서 resveratrol이 amyloid-β에 의해 유도되는 Cdk inhibitor p21 및 Bax 발현의 감소 효과

김영애,임선영,고우신,최병태,이용태,이숙희,박건영,이원호,최영현,Kim Young Ae,Lim Sun-Young,Ko Woo Shin,Choi Byung Tae,Lee Yong Tae,Rhee Sook-Hee,Park Kun-Young,Lee Won-Ho,Choi Yung Hyun 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a phytoalexin found in grape skins, peanuts, and red wine, has been reported to have a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. $Amyloid-\beta$ deposition and senile plaque-associated astrocytes are common neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we have explored the effects of resveratrol on $amyloid-\beta-peptide-mediated$ cytotoxicity in vitro and modulation of cell growth-regulatory gene products in astroglioma C6 cells to elucidate its possible mechanism for anti-cytotoxicity. Exposure of C6 cells to $Amyloid-\beta$ resulted in dose-dependent growth inhibition and morphological changes of C6 cells, which were recovered by pre-treatment with resveratrol. The anti-proliferative effect of $amyloid-\beta$ was associated with the induction of tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1) expression assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in time-dependent manner in C6 cells. In addition, the pro-apoptotic Bax expression was also up-regulated in $amyloid-\beta-treated$ C6 cells without alteration of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and $Bcl-X_L$ expression. However, pre-treatment of resveratrol significantly inhibited $amyloid-\beta-induced$ p53, p21 and Bax levels, suggesting that the modulation of p53, p21 and Bax levels could be one of the possible pathways by which resveratrol functions as anti-cytotoxic agent. Our results demonstrate that resveratrol may enhance the protection against $amyloid-\beta-induced$ cytotoxicity by promoting the survival of glial cells. Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene)은 포도와 같은 식물에서 각종 감염균으로부터 자신의 몸을 보호하기 위하여 생성되는 물질인 phytoalexin의 일종으로 강력한 항산화작용, 암예방 효과 및 항암 작용을 포함한 각종 약리작용을 가진 것으로 보고 되어져 오고 있다. Alzheimer 환자의 뇌에 축적되어 뇌 신경세포를 죽이는 amyloid plaque의 주 성분은 $amyloid-\beta$의 축적에 의한 것인데, $amyloid-\beta$는 정상적인 단백질 신진대사 과정의 결과로 체내 모든 세포들로부터 생성되는 물질이다. 본 연구에서는 resveratrol의 세포독성 보호효과에 관한 효능을 검증하기 위하여 C6 신경교세포에서 $amyloid-\beta-peptide$ (fragment 31-35)에 의한 세포독성 및 세포성장 조절관련 주요 유전자들의 발현에 미치는 resveratrol의 영향을 조사하였다. $Amyloid-\beta$가 처리된 C6세포는 처리 농도의존적으로 증식이 억제되었으며, 형태적 변형도 유발 되었으나 resveratrol의 전처리에 의하여 효과적으로 차단되었다. RT-PCR 및 Western blot analysis에 의한 결과에서 $amyloid-\beta$ 처리에 의한 세포증식 억제는 종양억제유전자 p53 및 Cdk 억제제인 p21 (WAF1/CIP1) 발현이 증가되었다. 또한 apoptosis 유발에 매우 중요한 역할을 수행하는 Bax의 발현도 $amyloid-\beta$가 처리된 C6 세포에서 발현이 증가되었으나 apoptosis 유발억제에 관여하는 Bcl-2및 $Bcl-X_{L}$ 발현에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 그러나 resveratrol이 전처리된 세포에서는 처리 농도 의존적으로 $amyloid-\beta$에 의해 유도되는 p53, p21 및 Bax의 발현이 정상수준으로 회복되었다.

중학교 과학 교과서 불꽃반응 실험에서 선스펙트럼 관찰의 문제점 분석 및 개선 연구

김영애,이은경,강성주,Kim, Young-Ae,Lee, Eun-Kyeong,Kang, Seong-Joo 대한화학회 2005 대한화학회지 Vol.49 No.6

모성연령과 출산순위의 변화가 저체중아 출생률에 미친 영향

김영애,박정한,Kim, Young-Ae,Park, Jung-Han 대한예방의학회 1989 예방의학회지 Vol.22 No.2

모성연령 및 출산순위의 변화가 출생시 체중에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 부산시내 1개 대학병원, 5개 종합병원,1개 병원, 1개 의원, 1개 조산소에서 분만된 1977년 7,786건과 1987년 8,671건의 단태아를 대상으로 산실의 분만대장에서 출생시 체중, 모성연령 그리고 출산순위를 조사하였다. 모성 연령은 1977년에 25-29세가 56.4%, 30-34세가 18.8%였으나 1987년에는 25-29세가 65.1%, 30-34세가 21.6%로 증가하였으며, 24세이하군과 35세 이상군의 출생아 비율은 감소하였다. 출산순위별 분포는 1977년에 1,2순위 출생아가 각각 56.9%, 28.8%였는데 1987년에는 각각 59.9%, 36.8%로 증가한 반면 3,4순위는 1977년에 10.6%, 3.6%에서 1987년에 각각 2.8%, 0.5%로 감소하였다. 저 체중아 출생률은 1977년에 5.3%였는데 1987년에는 4.0%였고, 이 가운데 직접표준화법을 응용하여 추정한 모성연령 및 출산순위별 변화가 저체중아 출생률 감소에 기여한 것은 10.7% 이었다. 나머지 89.3%는 모성 연령 및 출산순위별 저 체중아 출산률의 감소에 기인한 것이다. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of changes in maternal age and parity distribution on birth weight. The study population included 7,786 single live births in 1977 and 8,671 single live births in 1987 delivered at 9 medical facilities in Pusan. Data were obtained from the delivery record. The proportion of infants born to the mothers of 25-29 years increased from 56.475 in 1977 to 65.1% in 1987 and the proportion to the mothers of 30-34 years increased from 18.8% in 1977 to 21.6% in 1987. In the same period, the proportions of 1st and 2nd birth order were increased from 56.9% and 28.8% to 59.9% and 36.8%, respectively. The proportion of infants born to the age group of ${\leq}24\;and\;35{\leq}$ years were decreased in 1987. The proportion of births of the third or higher birth order was decreased from 14.2% in 1977 to 3.3% in 1987. Low birth weight (<2500gm) incidence rate was 5.3% in 1977 and it was decreased to 4.0% in 1987. It was estimated that changes in maternal age-parity distribution accounted for 10.7% of the decreased in low birth weight incidence rate. Rest of the change (89.3%) was attributed to the reduction of age-parity specific low birth weight incidence rate. Application of the direct adjustment method was considered to be an adequate tool for evaluating the impact of family planning on neonatal health.

독일 경제아카이브즈의 형성과 유형

김영애,Kim, Young-Ae 한국기록학회 2003 기록학연구 Vol.0 No.8

The term 'Business Archives' is not familiar with us in our society. Some cases can be found that materials are collected for publishing the history of a firm on commemoration of some decades of its foundation. However, the appropriate management of these collected materials doesn't seem to be followed in most of companies. The Records and archives management is inevitable in order to maximize the utility of Information and knowledge in the business world. The interest in records management has been grown, especially in the fields of business management and information technology. However, the importance of business archives hasn't been conceived yet. And also no attention has been paid to the business archives as social resources and the responsibility of the society as a whole for their preservation. The company archives doesn't have a long history in Germany although the archives of the nation, the aristocracy, communes and churches have a long tradition. However the company archives of Krupps which was established in 1905, is regarded as the first business archives in the world, It means that Germany has taken a key role to lead the culture of business archives. This paper focuses on the process of the establishment of business archives in Germany and its characteristics. The business archives in Germany can be categorized in three types: company archives, regional business archives and branch archives. It must be noted here that each type of these was generated in the context of the accumulation of the social resources and its effective use. A company archives is established by an individual company for the preservation of and use of the archives that originated in the company. The holdings in the company archives can be used as materials for decision making of policies, reporting, advertising, training of employees etc. They function not only as sources inside the company, but also as raw sources for the scholars, contributing to the study of the social-economic history. Some archives of German companies are known as a center of research. A regional business archives manages materials which originated m commerce chambers, associations and companies in a certain region. There are 6 regional business archives in Germany. They collect business archives which aren't kept in a proper way or are under pressure of damage in the region for which they are responsible. They are also open to the public offering the sources for the study of economic history, social history like company archives, so that they also play a central role as a research center. Branch business archives appeared relatively late in Germany. The first one is established in Bochum in 1969. Its general duties and goals are almost similar with ones of other two types of archives. It has differences in two aspects. One is that the responsibility of the branch business archives covers all the country, while regional business archives collects archives in a particular region. The other is that a branch business archives collects materials from a single industry. For example, the holdings of Bochum archives are related with the mining industry. The mining industry-specialized Bochum archives is run as an organization in combination with a museum, which is called as German mine museum, so that it plays a role as a cultural center with the functions of exhibition and research. The three types of German business archives have their own functions but they are also closely related each other under the German Association of Business Archivists. They are sharing aims to preserve primary materials with historical values in the field of economy and also contribute to keeping the archives as a social resources by having feed back with the public, which leads the archives to be a center of information and research. The German case shows that business archives in a society should be preserved not only for the interest of the companies, but also for the utilities of social resou

폐연료전지(廢燃料電池)스택으로부터 회수(回收)된 백금(白金)의 나노 입자(粒子) 제조(製造)

김영애,권현지,구정분,곽인섭,신장식,Kim, Young-Ae,Kwon, Hyun-Ji,Koo, Jeong-Boon,Kwak, In-Seob,Sin, Jang-Sik 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2011 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.20 No.2

연료전지 폐스택으로부터 백금을 회수하여 재사용하기 위하여 백금의 농도, pH, 환원제, 분산제의 영향을 살펴본 결과 1 mM $H_2PtCl_6$:10 mM $NaBH_4$:8 mM Cl4TABr = 1:0.4:0.4(vol.%), pH4, $50^{\circ}C$, 160 rpm, 10분 조건에서 최적 백금 나노 입자 제조 조건을 확립하였다. 시용 후 폐기된 MEA로부터 산침출을 통해 회수되어진 백금 침출 용액으로부터 백금 모사 용액과 동일한 조건에서 5 nm 이하의 백금 나노 입자를 합성하였다. 백금 모사 용액과 백금 침출 용액으로부터 합성된 백금 나노 입자를 XPS 분석을 통해 백금 이온에서 zero-valent의 백금 나노 입자로 환원되었음을 확인하였다. In this study, for recovery of renewable noble metal from used stack of fuel cell, synthesis of platinum nano particle is established through effect of platinum solution concentration, pH value, reducing agent and dispersing agent at a volume ratio of 1 mM $H_2PtCl_6$:10 mM $NaBH_4$:8 mM Cl4TABr = 1:0.4:0.4(vol.%), pH4, $50^{\circ}C$, 160 rpm and 10min. Less than 5 nm platinum particles were synthesized using Pt leaching solution from used MEA of stack under same condition of method using simulated Pt solution. The characteristics of synthesized nano particles was illustrated by XPS analysis as the reduction of platinum ions into platinum metals(zero-valent).

독일의 아키비스트 양성제도 - 마르부르크 기록학교(Marburg Archivschule)를 중심으로 -

김영애,Kim, Young-Ae 한국기록학회 2000 기록학연구 Vol.0 No.2

In this paper I tried to get an overall view of the training course of German archivists, based on the curriculum of Marburger Archivschule. In Germany the short-term training courses are offered by some archives and also graduate-level course is offered by a college in Potzdam. Marburger Schule is, however, said to be a representative institute for training of archivists in Germany because the institute has a long history and its graduates have been playing a leading role in the archival science and archival administration of Germany. By examining the curriculum of the Marburger Schule, I tried to analyze the important elements which have decided the shaping of curriculum historically. I also examined the general prerequisite to be an archivist in Germany, including qualification-examination in order to see how the high standards of German archivists can be maintained. There are three kinds of training courses in Marburger Schule: course for academic archivists, course for administrative archivists, short-term course for complementary training. The former two main courses are runned in association with each state archives(staatliche Archive, Landesarchive) in the Federal Republic of Germany along the line of public regulation. These courses consist of theoretical and practical education. Marburger Schule is charged with the theoretical education, while each local government(Landesregiergung) runs the training system according to its own rules with autonomy. The education of archivists must be structured to fill the expected role in a society to which archivists belong. The image of archivist changes in the course of times and makes a greate many differences according to the conditions and tradition of a country. The whole system of formal education is also related with the style of managing of Archives in each country. Therefore an example of a country can not be taken so easily as a model. The education system of archivists must be interpreted in the relation with the historical condition of a country and its administrative system of archives.

『최후의 승리』 판본 연구

김영애 ( Young Ae Kim ) 한국문학연구학회 2014 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.54

본고는 1920년대 연재 번안소설 『최후의 승리』와 단행본 『최후의 심판』의 판본 분화 과정과 양상을 살피는 것을 목적으로 두 텍스트의 특징과 차이를 분석하였다. 『최후의 승리』는 1928년 중외일보에 연재된 번안소설이며, 『최후의 심판』은 그 단행본이다. 판본 분화 과정에서 본고가 확인한 바는 두 가지이다. 하나는 『최후의 심판』이 1935년~1939년 사이 단행본으로 출간되었다는 사실이다. 다른 하나는 원본 『최후의 승리』의 번안자 김낭운과 단정이 다른 인물이며, 연재 도중 번안자가 바뀐 것은 김낭운의 병 때문이라는 사실이다. 이를 토대로 논의 내용을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 『최후의 승리』는 1928년 중외일보에 처음 연재되었고, 당시 번안자는 김낭운(김광배)이었다. 첫 번째 번안자 김낭운이 병으로 연재를 중단하자 36회 연재부터 번안자가 단정으로 바뀌어 105회까지 연재되었다. 1935년~1939년 사이 『최후의 승리』는 『최후의 심판』으로 개제되고 번안자가 김기진으로 수정된 채 단행본으로 출간되었다. 1935년 전후에 작성된 것으로 추측되는 영창서관 목록과 1939년에 작성된 중앙인서관 도서목록을 통해 이러한 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 단행본을 토대로 하여 1953년 세창서관에서 김기진의 『최후의 심판』 재판본이 출간되었다. 1953년 세창서관본 『최후의 심판』은 단순한 해적판이 아니라 1930년대에 출간된 판본의 재판이다. 본고는 『최후의 승리』와 『최후의 심판』의 초판이 정확히 몇 년도에 어디에서 출간되었는지 확인하지 못했다. 『최후의 심판』의 경우 1935년 전후 단행본으로 출간된 사실을 확인했으나, 『최후의 승리』가 단행본으로 출간된 내력은 알 수 없었다. 또한 단정이 누구인지, 그와 김기진을 동일인으로 간주하면서도 그에 대한 명확한 근거를 제시하지 못했다. 이에 따라 논의 진행이 상당 부분 당시의 정황을 중심으로 한 추론에 의지할 수밖에 없었고, 이는 본고의 한계이다. This study has a purpose to compare and analyze the text differentiation of The Last Victory and The Last Judgement. The Last Victory has been written by Maurice Leblanc, and its original title is Le Bouchon de Cristal. Kim Nang-wun(Kim Kwang-bae) and Dan-jung have translated this work to The Last Victory in 1928. This work has been retitled to The Last Judgement and changed the author(translator) name to Kim Gi-jin(Kim Pal-bong) in 1930`s. The points of this study are to investigate the difference of two version, to resolve question of retitling and changing translator. Especially, the matter of changing translator is very important to study the aspect of the text differentiation. These questions are related to copyright, so we have to consider the relationship between the original and a different version at that time. Through this study, we can reach a conclusion. The first translator was Kim Nang-wun. He has published The Last Victory serially in the Joongoeilbo from Jan. 30 to Mar. 5 in 1928. He has suddenly stopped serialization because of illness, and Dan-jung was handed it until the serialization end. Dan-jung was another pen name of Kim Gi-jin, so he could publish The Last Judgement in his own name in 1930`s. The text published in 1953 is the second edition of the 1930`s. Kim Nang-wun died at August in 1928, so the copyright belonged to Dan-jung. After serialization end, Dan-jung has published in a book form under the name of Kim Gi-jin. He changed the title from The Last Victory to The Last Judgement at that time. On the basis of this edition, The Last Judgement could be published under the name of Kim Pal-bong(Kim Gi-jin) at the Sechang book publishing company in 1953. And the version of Sechang was not a pirate edition.

이무영 소설 『향가』의 개작과 검열 연구

김영애(Kim, Young-ae) 한국현대소설학회 2021 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.82

This paper is a study on the revision and censorship of Lee Moo-youngs novel “The Hyangga”. Previous researches have focused on pro-Japanese novel aspects and criticism of revision. To compensate for this, I wanted to present a discussion on the power of censorship involved in the revision. In order to understand the purpose and intention of the revision, it is necessary to check in what direction the writers self-censorship worked right after liberation. Lee Moo-youngs move can be summarized as erasing traces of pro-Japanese, criticism of pro-Japanese group liquidation, and active acceptance of right-wing ideology. In the end, the author carried out revision through self-censorship at the midpoint where pro-Japanese and anti-communism are linked. This revision changed the original story and theme drastically and shows us what Lee Moo-youngs consciousness at the time. He chose to revise through self-censorship as a way to quickly see changes in the times and jump on them. Analysis of the orientation of revision soon provides clues to understand how censorship worked as a driver of revision. This is an act that symbolizes his jumping on the bandwagon without serious reflection on his pro-Japanese activities. Lee Moo-young promptly deleted and rewrote the controversial contents from the original, and this suggests that the author was aware of what the problem was with this work. The contents that he modified or deleted are eventually deeply related to his perception of the times. By emphasizing differences in perception of the times, he tried to provide a basis for rationalizing his pro-Japanese activities.

일반논문 : 김기진 번역 번안소설 연구

김영애 ( Young Ae Kim ) 반교어문학회 2015 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.39

본고는 지금까지 카프 중심으로 진행된 김기진 연구의 범위를 확장해 그가1920년대 중후반에 발표한 번역 번안소설을 분석하였다. 그가 발표한 네 편의 번역 번안소설 가운데 『녀자의 한평생』과 「번롱」이 ‘여성수난의 서사’를, 『괴적』과 『최후의 승리』가 ‘탐정 추리서사’를 주된 내용으로 삼고 있다는 점에 주목하여, 본고는 김기진이 번역 번안을 통해 표출하고자 한 바가 무엇인지를 추론해보고자 하였다. 또한 본고는 김기진이 1928년~1929년 사이에 내보인 이른 바 ‘새로운 통속소설론’의 방향성이 그가 번역 번안소설을 통해 표출하고자 했던 바와 긴밀히 연결된다고 보아 이들이 지닌 서사적 특성을 살펴보았다. 그는 ‘새로운 통속소설’의 창작을 통해 검열 통과 및 독자 확보 등의 제 문제를 동시에 해결할수 있는 구체적이고 현실적인 방안을 제시하고자 노력했다. 본고는 김기진 번역번안소설의 서사적 특징을 ‘새로운 통속의 창조’라는 그의 창작 기조와 결부시켜두 가지로 유형화하고 여성해방의 서사, 탐정 추리서사의 도입을 통해 그가 내세운 ‘대중화론’의 방향성이 구체적으로 무엇인지 살펴보고자 하였다. 그가 비평이론으로 설파한 여성해방론이나 조혼 폐지를 골자로 하는 낭만적 연애론 등은 소설이라는 장을 통해 시험되었고, 1920년대 중후반 당시 조선의 상황에서 그것은 강한 설득력을 지닌 담론이 될 수 있었다. 그러나 여성해방의 서사를 주축으로 하는 번역 번안소설의 메시지는 당대 김기진의 여성의식과 괴리되는 모순을 드러내기도 했다. 또 다른 축인 탐정 추리서사의 경우 김기진은 ‘문제 제기와 해결’, ‘선인과 악인의 대결구도’라는 익숙하고 단순한 서사구조를 빌어 대중성 확보와 독자의 계몽이라는 목적을 동시에 달성하고자 했다. 여성해방의 서사가 좀 더 강한 경향성을 지닌 텍스트인 반면 탐정 추리서사는 대중성 강화에 치중한 텍스트이다. 1920년대 중후반 김기진은 번역 번안소설을 통해 경향성과 대중성의 확보라는 당면 과제를 해결하고자 노력했다. Until now, Kim Gi-jin’s translated and adapted novels have not been studied seriously because these works had been unknown to public. Many people remember him as a member of KAPF, a marxist critic. But he translated and adapted four novels in the mid to late 1920’s; Une vie by Guy de Maupassant(1926), The Tess of D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy(1926), The Jekyll and Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson(1927), and Le Bouchon de Cristal by Maurice Leblanc(1928). Une vie and The Tess of D’Urbervilles content narrative of women``s sufferings and liberation. And The Jekyll and Hyde and Le Bouchon de Cristal content narrative of detective. Except Une vie, the rest three works were published in serial form in the Joongoeilbo. The purpose of translation and adaptation was popularization. As a marxist critic and writer, he tried to solve the problem to pass censorship and secure readers for a long time. He tried to harmonize the marxist tendency and popularity in novels. Through this, he thought he could get over the literary crisis. For this reason, he was criticized furiously by the tough elements in KAPF. Kim Gi-jin published two detective novels under the pen name of ‘Danjung’. So far, researchers didn’t know that this ‘Danjung’ was Kim Gi-jin’s another pen name. So two adapted novels with narrative of detective were not nameless of his works. Kim Gi-jin tried to create ‘new popular novel’, and he emphasized the importance of popularity and enlightenment in his works. By ‘new popular novel’ he believed that he could solve the problem of censorship and readers.