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Anthropometric Breast Measurement: A Study of 87 nulliparous Korean Female
김사진,이함박,이대우,김명신,김민정 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-
Anthropometric measurements and proportions of the human body have made a significant contribution to the science of aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. The present study was performed to measure anthropometric breast values in Korean female and compare them with those of women in other nations. The study included 87 nulliparous female between the ages of 20 and 50 years with no physical or developmental deformity. A total of 17 parameters were measured in a standing position. The parameters measured were body weight, height, shoulder width, upper chest width, middle chest width, lower chest width, waist width, hip width, clavicle-nipple length, sternal notch-nipple length, nipple-nipple length, upper arm length, medial mammary radius, lateral mammary radius, nipple-inframammary fold length, nipple projection, and mammary projection. Breast volume, breast ptosis, and retracted nipple rates were also assessed. Results: As a result, an average breast volume for Korean women was obtained (Right: 296.3±258.6 cc, Left: 303.0±270.6 cc), and a table with several linear equations for calculating(Table 1,2). The ideal external view of the breasts with equal volume for both sides and no ptosis was observed in 10.9% (n=11, Table 3) of the volunteers. The percentage of women with unilateral or bilateral retracted nipple was 16.1% (n=14). The results of the present study will help in comparing the anthropometric breast values of Korean women with those of women in other countries. They may also be useful either in planning aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery or in designing breast augmentation accessories and clothing.
김사진,이함박,김민정 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the change of female pelvic floor architecture during rest and voluntary pelvic contraction that may be further delineated with three-dimensional (3D) transperineal ultrasonography (US) in Korean women. One hundred forty-nine women (aged 22-50 years) were evaluated between 2009 and 2011. To assure objectivity, one gynecologist measured pelvic floor structures during rest and contraction using 3D transperineal US. The multiplanar display of the scanned volumes allowed detailed morphologic assessment of the pelvic floor architectures and the measurement of distances, area and volume of the pelvic floor architectural components. Compared with rest and voluntary pelvic floor contraction, there are no significant differences in pelvic floor architecture except anus. Also there are no differences in delivery mode, but the contractility of vaginal width in the group with a history of cesarean section is statistically significantly different (p=0.016) compared with those with a history of normal vaginal delivery. Parity is associated with change of the anus and contractility of vaginal transverse diameter, but there were no associations of parity with change of other pelvic floor architecture. Our study evaluates the utility of 3D US for measurement of change of pelvic floor architecture during rest and voluntary pelvic floor contraction. And our measurements provide a baseline for which further investigations in a larger cohort of subjects can be compared, to determine the range and change of normal appearance of the specific pelvic structures.