소아와 성인 $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ Purpura(HSP) 신염의 임상적 비교

김기은,신윤호,신재일,박지민,정현주,이재승,Kim Ki-Eun,Shin Youn-Ho,Shin Jae-Il,Park Jee-Min,Jeong Hyeon-Joo,Lee Jae-Seung 대한소아신장학회 2003 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.7 No.2

Purpose : $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura(HSP) is a systemic vasculitis that involves multiple organs, especially the kidney, which is the most important organ in determining the prognosis of the disease. The morbidity of HSP nephritis in adults is low and there have been little research done on its clinical course so far. Therefore, we have compared the clinical course of HSP nephritis in children and adults in Korea. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 81 cases of HSP nephritis in children younger than 15 years of age, and 25 cases of adults older than 15 years of age who were admitted to Yonsei University Medical College Severance Hospital from Jan. 1986 to May 2003. Results : The male to female ratio was 1.5 : 1 in children and 1.3 : 1 in adults. The incidence of HSP nephritis for both age groups was found to be increased during the autumn and winter. Infection was the predisposing factor in 39 cases(48.1%) of children, 16 cases(64.0%) of adults, and drugs were the predisposing factor in 8 cases(9.9%) of children and 4 cases (16.0%) of adults. All patients initially presented with microscopic hematuria. Thirteen cases (16.0%) of children and 7 cases(28.0%) of adults initially showed proteinuria of nephrotic range. Thirty four cases(42.0%) of children and 4 cases(16.0%) of adults showed normal urinalysis after treatment. Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities were found in 41 cases(50.6%) of children and 18 cases(72.0%) of adults. Complications such as nephrotic syndrome and hypertension were found in 3 cases(3.7%) of children and 2 cases(8.0%) of adults. Three children(3.7%) and 1(4.0%) adult required dialysis or renal transplantation. Follow-up renal biopsies were performed on 21 children, of whom 10 cases(47.6%) did not show any histologic change, 9 cases(42.9%) showed low grade changes, and 2 cases(9.5%) showed high grade changes. Prognosis was gloomy when proteinuria of nephrotic range and high grade of abnormal histology were present at diagnosis, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05) Conclusion : This study showed that there was no difference in terms of the clinical features and courses between the children and adults with HSP nephritis. Proteinuria of nephrotic range and the severity of abnormal histologic changes at diagnosis were found to be associated with a bad prognosis, therefore we recommend that patients with these features require long term follow-up and management. 목적 : $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura(HSP)는 여러 장기를 침범하는 전신성 혈관염으로 신장손상이 예후를 좌우하는 중요한 원인이 된다. 성인 HSP 신염은 빈도가 낮고 임상 경과에 대한 연구가 부족한 편이다. 소아와 성인 HSP 신염의 임상 및 경과를 전반적으로 비교함으로서 각각의 예후에 영향을 주는 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1986년 1월부터 2003년 5월까지 17년 4개월간 연세대학교 세브란스병원에 내원한 15세 미만의 소아 81명과 15세 이상의 성인 25례를 대상으로 후향적으로 고찰하였다. 결과 : 남녀비는 소아 1.5:1, 성인 1.3:1이었고, 발병 계절은 두 군 모두 가을과 겨울에 발병 빈도가 증가하였다. 감염이 선행한 경우가 소아 39례(48.1%), 성인 16례(64.0%)였고, 약물을 복용한 경우는 소아 8례(9.9%), 성인 4례(16.0%)였다. 모든 환자에서 현미경적 혈뇨가 있었고 신증 범위의 단백뇨를 보인 예는 소아 13례(16.0%), 성인 7례(28.0%)있었다(Table 3). 추적 관찰에서 요검사가 정상화된 경우는 소아 34례(42.0%), 성인 4례(16.0%)였고, 무증상 요검사 이상의 예는 소아 41례(50.6%), 성인 18례(72.0%)이었다. 신증후군 또는 고혈압의 합병증이 초래된 경우는 소아 3례(3.7%), 성인 2례(8.0%)이었고, 투석 또는 이식을 받은 경우는 소아 3례(3.7%), 성인 1례(4.0%)였다(Table 4). 소아 21례에서 추적 신생검을 시행하였고 이 중 10례는 조직학적 등급의 변화를 보이지 않았고, 낮은 등급으로 호전된 경우가 9례, 높은 등급으로 악화된 경우가 2례있었다. 진단 당시 신증 범위의 단백뇨가 있었던 경우와 조직학적 등급이 높았던 경우에 나쁜 예후를 보였고(P<0.05) 이는 두 연령군에서 통계학적 차이가 없었다(Table 5). 결론 : 본 연구에서는 소아와 성인에서 임상 양상 및 경과가 두 군에서 다르지 않음을 확인하였고, 소아와 성인 두 군 모두 진단 당시 신증 범위의 단백뇨가 있거나 조직학적 등급이 높을수록 나쁜 예후를 보이므로 그에 따른 장기적인 계획과 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

회고-그대 그 현장 - 한국 원전 고리 3&4호기 건설 수행

김기은,Kim, Gi-Eun 한국원자력산업회의 2010 원자력산업 Vol.30 No.2

Enhanced UV-Light Emission in ZnO/ZnS Quantum Dot Nanocrystals

김기은,김웅,성윤모,Kim, Ki-Eun,Kim, Woong,Sung, Yun-Mo Materials Research Society of Korea 2008 한국재료학회지 Vol.18 No.12

ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (${\sim}5-7\;nm$ in diameter) with a size close to the quantum confinement regime were successfully synthesized using polyol and thermolysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses reveal that they exist in a highly crystalline wurtzite structure. The ZnO/ZnS nanocrystals show significantly enhanced UV-light emission (${\sim}384\;nm$) due to effective surface passivation of the ZnO core, whereas the emission of green light (${\sim}550\;nm$) was almost negligible. They also showed slight photoluminescence (PL) red-shift, which is possibly due to further growth of the ZnO core and/or the extension of the electron wave function to the shell. The ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals demonstrate strong potential for use as low-cost UV-light emitting devices.

두충나무, 황벽나무 등을 포함하는 수목추출물의 항여드름 및 항아토피 효과

김기은 ( Gi Eun Kim ),김진홍 ( Jin Hong Kim ),홍슬기 ( Seul Ki Hong ),김타곤 ( Ta Gon Kim ),김동욱 ( Dong Uk Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.48 No.6

본 연구에서는 두충나무, 황벽나무 등을 포함하는 수목추출물의 소재특성을 시험하여 화장품 및 피부질환 치료소재로서의 응용 가능성을 조사하였다. 수목추출물의 항산화력은 DPPH 자유라디칼 소거법으로 측정되었으며 저농도에서는 항산화력이 낮았으나, 1,000 ug/ml의 고농도에서는 우수한 항산화제인 비타민 C와 유사하였다. 항균력은 원판확산법으로 측정되었으며, 수목추출물은 피부상재균인 Staphylococcus epidermidis에 대해서는 낮은 항균력을 보이지만, 여드름 유발균인 Propionibacterium acne에 대해서는 높은 항균력을 보여주는 선택성 항균력이 있어, 여드름소재로서 매우 우수한 특성을 나타내었다. 무모생쥐를 이용한 항아토피 시험결과, 수목추출물은 DNCB에 의해 유도된 피부염증을 14일 째 거의 정상상태로 회복시켰으며, 피부내 항체인 IgE의 농도도 대조군에 비해 16% 낮추어주어 항아토피 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 수목추출물은 항여드름효과 및 항아토피 효과가 뛰어나서 화장품 혹은 피부질환치료소재로서 응용 가능성이 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다. In this study, plant extracts including Eucommia ulmoides Oliv, and Phellodendron amurense were studied to test possible application for cosmetics and skin related medicine. Anti-oxidation effect of plant extracts was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging activity and it was insignificant at low concentration, however, it was as good as vitamin C, excellent anti-oxidation agent, at 1,000 ug/ml. Anti-bacterial effect was tested by disc diffusion method, and plant extracts showed mild anti-bacterial effect for normal skin flora, Staphylococcus epidermidis while it indicated strong anti-bacterial effect for acne inducing Propionibacterium acne. Therefore it had powerful potential for anti-acne material because of selectivity. Anti-atopic dermatitis effect was tested by hairless mouse and plant extracts recovered damaged skin to near normal condition after 14 days of treatment. IgE concentration in treated mouse was decreased 16% compared with control. From the research, plant extracts indicated strong anti-acne and anti-atopic dermatitis effect, and showed strong potential for cosmetics and skin related medicine.

익모초의 계절 및 지역별 Rutin 함량변화 연구

이성완,김기은,정성희,김성건,김도훈,김진효,김호경,황완균,Lee, Seong-Wan,Kim, Gi-Eun,Chung, Sung-Hee,Kim, Sung-Gun,Kim, Do-Hoon,Kim, Jin-Hyo,Kim, Ho-Kyoung,Whang, Wan-Kyunn 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.3

In a pattern analysis of GC-MS of 21 Leonuri herba samples harvested in China and Korea, characteristic differences were observed between Chinese and Korean samples. specifically, Leonuri herba form Hanllasan showed unusual retention time. Rutin was employed as a standard compound of Leonuri herba. All samples had 0.32${\pm}$0.18(%) rutin contents in average, but Korean samples had more rutin than Chinese one, especially the sample from Hanllasan of Jeju showed high-est rutin content (3.2%). In rutin contents of seasonal variation, there were more rutin contents in after blooming, 2years aged Leonuri herba than before.

식방풍의 성분분리 및 생리활성

김도훈,한지수,김기은,김진효,김성건,김호경,오오진,황완균,Kim, Do-Hoon,Han, Chi-Su,Kim, Gi-Eun,Kim, Jin-Hyo,Kim, Sung-Gun,Kim, Ho-Kyoung,Oh, O-Jin,Whang, Wan-Kyunn 대한약학회 2009 약학회지 Vol.53 No.3

In this study, isolation of antioxidative compounds was performed for development of anti-oxidizing agent. $CHCl_3$, $H_2O$, 30%, 60% MeOH, MeOH fractions were examined antioxidative activity by DPPH, test of inhibition on NO production. It was revealed that 30%, 60% MeOH and $CHCl_3$ fractions had significant antioxidative activity. In 30% MeOH and 60% MeOH, $CHCl_3$ fraction, six compounds were isolated and elucidated as adenosine(I), guanosine(II), peucedanol 7-O-$\beta$-D-apiofuranosyl(1$\rightarrow$6)-$\beta$-glucopyranoside(III), peucedanol 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside(IV), peucedanol(V) and scopoletin(VI) by physicochemical data and spectroscopic methods. (Negative FAB-MS, $^{1}H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$). The results from antioxidative activity screening for the each compound showed that compound IV was relatively superior antioxidant ability. In anti-inflammatory activation assay, compound III, IV, VI had concentration-dependent-activity and compound IV had superior anti-inflammatory ability. These results suggest that Peucedani Radix might be developed as a potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory agents and ingredients for related functional foods.

하수오 지상부의 활성 성분

김진표(Jin Pyo Kim),김도훈(Do Hoon Kim),김기은(Gi Eun Kim),김진효(Jin-Hyo Kim)정성희(Sung Hee Chung),김성건(Sung Gun Kim),황완균(Wan Kyunn Whang) 대한약학회 2006 약학회지 Vol.50 No.6

Polygoni Radix (Polygonaceae) has been used as renal disorder, hematopoietic, menstrual irregularity and anti-aging in Korean folk medicine. Specially aerial parts has been used for insomnia and sedative agent. In order to investigate the efficacy of antioxidant activity on these aerial parts, the bio-activity guided fraction and isolation of physiologically active substance were performed. H2O, 30%, 60%, 100% MeOH were examined antioxidant activity by DPPH method. It was revealed that 30%, 60% MeOH fractions have significantly antioxidant activity. From 60% MeOH fraction, six known flavonoid glycosides (quercetin, quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-4'-O-glucopyranoside-3'-methylether, quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnophyrano side-4'-methylether, quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) and 3,4-dihydrocinnamic acid were isolated. To investigated the antioxidant activities of each compounds, we measured radical scavening activity with DPPH method and anti-lipid peroxidative efficacy on low density lipo-protein(LDL) with TBARS assay and anti-acetylcholinestrase activity with Ellman's Test. Four compounds (Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅷ) of quercetin glycosides showed significant activity.

韩 · 中初级汉语教材的语言要素對比分析

金起誾(Kim Ki-eun) 한국중국어교육학회 2015 중국어교육과연구 Vol.0 No.21

중국어 교육을 위한 중국어 문법 항목 분석 ― 초급 회화 교재의 존현문과 조사 ‘了’를 중심으로

김기은 ( Kim¸ Ki-eun ) 한국중국언어학회 2021 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.96

Scholars who studied education have considered the three basic elements of education: the instructor, the learner, and the textbook. A successful education requires good teaching materials as well as good instructors. In other words, instructors and textbooks directly affect the effectiveness of education. Above all, textbooks are a main material that provides the basic framework of learning and are an important factor that determines the success of lesson. The textbooks on the market reflect the situation of Chinese education most realistically. So if we analyze it, we can grasp the reality of Chinese education. It can also be a starting point for discussing education. This thesis investigated the contents related to the Chinese elementary education used in Korean universities. As a result, 『Master Chinese』, 『Spoken Chinese』 and 『The Chinese』 were selected as the study subjects. Is the knowledge of Chinese textbooks which are widely used in universities effectively communicated to learners? Based on this problem, this paper comprehensively analyzed the selection, arrangement, and explanation of grammatical items. Based on the results, this thesis suggests how to carry out it in detail and an effective method of teaching Chinese grammar for learners. First, when selecting grammar items, the beginner level focuses on vocabulary and phrases so that learners can easily feel the language elements of grammar. Second, when arranging grammar items, the proportion and difficulty of grammar should be considered first If the proportion of grammar is not small, it should not be concentrated in one lesson. It should be designed in stages and sequentially by dividing it into several lessons. Less difficult sentences should be learned first so that efficient learning can be achieved. Third, when describing a grammar item, it should be formulated so that can be intuitively knew about the grammar structure. Along with sufficient examples, it shall be designed to accurately understand by the usage of each sentence with an appropriate explanation of Korean and Chinese sentences. I hope that this study will help to develop Chinese education in a more ideal and successful direction. And also hope to be a useful reference for the compilation of Chinese textbooks.

김치 유래 유산균의 항균적 특성과 이용

김기은(Gi-Eun Kim) 한국생물공학회 2011 KSBB Journal Vol.26 No.5

Earlier in Korea Kimchi was made in every family and every province has own taste and specialties. These days almost of the Kimchis are manufactured. We collected variable Kimchis, which were made for private use and isolated microorganisms. Some interesting micobial cells were identified and studied for its application as food and drinks. One of them was identified as Lactobacillus sakei KJ123. This strain is known as producing interesting aromatic components during Sakei fermentation like Kimchi in variable conditions. We tried to develop a health beverage with fermentation process. The Cucurbita maxima has been known as a traditional healthy food and variable positive effects on the human body were already reported. In this study we tried to develop a production process for a healthy fermented drink on this substrate with strains originated from Kimchi. Many kinds of lacctobacilli species existed in the fermented food cannot survive in the acidic conditions like human stomach. So we selected resisting strains in this conditions. The survival rate of Lactobacillus sakei cells in the artificial gastric juice and bile acid and other physiological characteristics at the variable conditions have been tested. After fermentation process some sensory tests on the product with panels were tried.