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Continentalic Acid from Aralia continentalis induces Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells
권태오,정승일,권지웅,김윤철,장선일 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.9
In this study, we investigated the effects of continentalic acid (CA, (-)-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid), a diterpenic acid, isolated from Aralia continentalis, on the proliferation and apoptosis induction of HepG2 cells. In 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the inhibitory effect became gradually stronger with the passage of time, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment with CA, and the most significant effect was observed at 72 h. CA treatment for 72 h induced DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependant manner. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis of HepG2 cells exposed to CA showed that apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells by CA was mediated through the activation of caspase-3, Bak, and Bax, and then through the cleavage of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PARP) and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. These results demonstrate that CA efficiently induces apoptosis and is a good candidate for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic agent.
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權泰花(권태화, Kwon, Tea-Hwa) 일본어문학회 2009 일본어문학 Vol.44 No.-
「動詞+動詞」型の複合動詞の中で複合動詞「~こむ」は代表的な語彙的複合動詞であり、意味的にも多様である。後項「~こむ」の意味は大きく分けて四つの意味用法が見られる。一つ目は、前項動詞の動作․様態に一定の方向性を添加する「内部への移動」の用法で、前項動詞は内部への移動の様相や方法を表している。二つ目は、前項動詞の状態や、動作の程度を深める「程度深化」の用法であり、この用法は、後項動詞「~こむ」が前項動詞の意味を強調する修飾語の意味で表している場合と、「すっかりそうする」という意味を表している場合がある。三つ目、「継続」の用法は動作に関するアスペクトの一つで、動作․作用がある一定の時間継続して行われることを表している。四つ目は、前項、または後項の意味が不明確な「熟合」の用法は前項․後項動詞として意味が分かりにくいから前․後の文脈の中で適切に理解することが必要である。 なお、複合動詞の後項「~こむ」を韓国語に置き換える場合は、「内部への移動」は「一対一」または「単独動詞」の形に、「程度深化」と「継続」は「修飾語+単独動詞」の形に、「熟合」は「漢字語」の形に置き換える場合が多い。このような漢字語は日本語では使わない。しかし、韓国語では漢字語で使われていることと、プラス․マイナスの意味が弱くなることが分かる。この点が日本語と韓国語の差であるといえよう。それに、同じ複合動詞でも「振り込む」のように文によって意味が異なる場合と、後項「~こむ」の意味が韓国語では表れない場合もあるので複合動詞「~こむ」は取り扱いが難しい。したがって、韓国語に置き換える場合、後項「~こむ」の意味を文の中で適切に理解することが必要である。
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한국어(韓國語) 쓰기 교재(敎材)의 장르 지식(知識) 교육(敎育) 내용(內容) 분석(分析) -설명문(說明文)을 중심으로-
권태현(權兌炫) ( Kwon Tae-hyun ) 한국어문교육연구회 2021 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.49 No.1
이 연구에서는 한국어 쓰기 교재를 대상으로 장르 지식의 진술 방식과 수준을 설명문을 예로 들어 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국어 쓰기 교재에 소개된 장르 지식의 진술 수준이 교재마다 매우 상이하였다. 효과적인 장르 지식 교육을 위해서는 실제 한국어 학습자들의 요구 분석을 통해 장르를 귀납적으로 정리하고 각 장르에서 요구되는 지식을 체계화할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 다양한 하위 장르 및 인접 장르에 대한 소개, 올바른 장르 인식 견지의 필요성 등이 소개되지 않아 장르에 대한 심층적인 이해를 도모하기 어렵다는 문제가 있었다. 이와 관련하여 다양한 인접, 하위장르를 통해 장르에 대한 거시적 관점을 갖도록 유도하고 장르에 대한 메타적 이해라고 할 수 있는 장르 인식에 대한 교육이 구체화될 필요가 있다. 셋째, 장르에 맞는 쓰기의 절차가 충분히 안내되어 있지 않아 실제 글을 쓰는 과정에서 참조점의 기능을 수행하기에 무리가 있었다. 따라서 실제 글을 쓰는 절차와 장르 지식을 유기적으로 결합하여 한국어 학습자의 장르 글쓰기에 보다 실질적인 도움을 줄 수 있는 방향으로 교재가 구성되어야 할 것으로 보인다. In this study, for three Korean writing textbooks, the method and level of genre knowledge were analyzed using explanatory text as an example. The analysis results are as follows. First, the level of statement of genre knowledge introduced in Korean writing textbooks was very different for each textbook. For effective genre knowledge education, it is necessary to inductively organize genres through analysis of actual Korean learners’ needs and systematize the knowledge required in each genre. Second, there was a problem that it was difficult to promote an in-depth understanding of the genre because the introduction of various sub-genres and adjacent genres, and the need for proper genre recognition were not introduced. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to introduce various adjacent and sub-genre systems, and to materialize education on genre awareness, which is a meta-understanding of genre. Third, since the procedure of writing appropriate to the genre was not sufficiently guided, it was difficult to perform the function of guiding genre writing in the actual writing process. Therefore, it seems that the textbook should be constructed in a direction that can provide more practical help to the genre writing of Korean learners by combining the actual writing process and genre knowledge.
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권태화(Kwon Tea Hwa,權泰花) 일본어문학회 2015 일본어문학 Vol.71 No.-
The compound verbs have meanings as reciprocal actions of the preceding verbs and following verbs, which have deep meanings, also make the conciseness of sentences short and clear, therefore there's some misuses and mistranslations because there are many other meanings and expressions from the context in comparison with the meanings according to the dictionary. It is considered that we have to learn the meanings of each compound verb systematically because the dictionaries have the only 30% of such compound verbs. I could find that Korean-Japanese books such as Japanese grammar and writing, and expressional sentences, using in the courses of study, published in Korea, weren't dealt with the parts of compound verbs compared to text books, published in Japan. According as the result was obtained through questionnaires, Japanese learners don't have many opportunities of learning in the sentence structures and functions of meanings of compound verbs, they have a tendency of compositions in the forms of Independent verb , Modifier+Independent verb and ~て, de rather than the compound verbs. Therefore, I think that it is necessary for the Japanese learners to practice the concisenesses of expressions by using the compound verbs in development of textbooks and sentence compositions to solve the problems. For this reason, it is considered that it is necessary to make excellent sentences for the inexpressible, deeper meanings and neatness of expressions through the education of compound verbs, also that will do much for solving and reducing mistranslation in translating Japanese into Korean.
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중국의 핵실험 과정에서 나타난 미국의 대응이 북핵 문제에 주는 함의
권태오 서울사이버대학교 미래사회전략연구소 2018 미래사회 Vol.9 No.1
중국은 1964년 10월 1차 핵실험을 실시하여 다섯 번째 핵클럽 국가가 되었다. 당시 미국은 중국이 핵을 개발하는 것을 쉽게 차단할 수 있을 것으로 오판하였다. 그러나 경제제재, 국제 조약 형성을 통한 저지, 심지어 군사적 타격까지 검토하였으나 모두가 실패하였다. 마치 1990년대 이후 북한의 핵 개발을 두고 제재와 대화, 협의, 군사력 현시 등을 구사하는 미국 의 지금 모습과 흡사하다. 결국 장거리 미사일 개발로 미국 본토를 겨냥하는 위협이 당장 없 다면 초보적인 핵을 보유하는 것을 용인하는 결론을 내릴 수도 있다는 우려를 자아내고 있 다. 그런데 미국이 중국의 핵개발을 용인하는 과정에서 대만은 UN에서의 지위를 모두 중국 에게 넘겨줄 수밖에 없었고 대만과 미국과의 상호방위조약도 폐기될 수밖에 없었다. 핵을 가진 북한을 당시의 중국으로 가정하여 미래를 예측해 본다면 한국이 대만과 같은 상황이 될 수 있다는 부정적 예측이 나올 수 있다. 본고에서는 중국의 핵개발 배경과 과정을 살펴보 고 이를 중지시키기 위한 미국의 노력이 어떤 것이었으며 과연 효과적이었나를 분석해 보고 자 한다. 아울러 대한민국이 취해야 할 정책은 어떠해야 하는가를 제시하고자 한다. In October 1964, the China conducted the 1st nuclear test and became the 5th Atomic-Club country. At that time, the United States misjudged that it could easily block the China's development of nuclear weapons. However, those options including of economic sanctions, blocking through the coordination of international treaties, and even military strikes were considered, but all failed. It is similar to the present conditions of the United States, which has been using sanctions, dialogue, consultation, and military power for the north Korea's nuclear development since the 1990s. There is some worries that long-range missile development could lead to the conclusion that if there is no immediate threat to the US mainland, then it would be permissible to have rudimentary nuclear weapons, In the process of the US acceptance of the China's nuclear development, Taiwan was forced to hand over its position in the United Nations to the People's Republic of China, and mutual defense treaties between Taiwan and the US were forced to be abolished. If North Korea, which also has nuclear weapons, is substituted with China, and US would take similar steps it took in the past there can be a dark prospect that the ROK's situation can be the same as that of Taiwan. This article examines the background and process of the nuclear development of the China and what US efforts to stop it and how it was effective. In addition, I would like to suggest what kind of policies ROK and US should take in future.
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