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Carbonated Lidocaine 에 의한 미추마취의 임상적 평가
조경숙,신양식,김종래,박광원 대한마취과학회 1987 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.20 No.5
Thirty-six adult patients who received caudal anesthesia for perianal surgery were randomly assigned to two grgups. Of these, 15 patients ingroup I were given 1.5 and 2% plain lidocaine in 18 and 7 ml doses, repectively. Twenty·one patients in group 2 were given lidooaine carbonated with 5% NaHCO_3 0.1 ml per 1 ml-lidocaine in the same volume and concentration as in group 1. The time of onset of analgesia for the pin prick and scratch tests was significantly more rapid in group 2(2.04±0.63 and 4,69±1.12 min for the pin prick and scratch tests, respectively) than those in group 1(5.00±1.70 and 9.48±5.40 min for the pin prick and scratch test, respectively). However, the duration of anesthesia in both groups was not significantly different (111.80 ±40.24 and 105.95±45.04 min in group 1 and 2, respectively). The mean pH of the 1.5 and 2% agents used in group 1 was 5.289±0.206 and 5.257±0.193, respectively, while the mean PH of the 1.5 and 2% carbonated lidocaine used in group 2 was 7.004±0.079 and 7 reapectively. The results iridicate that pH-adjusted lidocaine for caudal anesthesia has a more rapid onset than plain lidocaine hut that there is no difference in the length of duration of its effect.
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필로티 건축물 가연성 외장 시스템의 화재확산 방지를 위한 수직 불연띠의 효율성에 관한 연구
조경숙,채승언,최지훈,조범연 한국방재학회 2020 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.20 No.3
The requirements for exterior finishing materials have been substantially established recently. After a fire at an apartment building in Uijeongbu City, fire safety requirements for exterior finishing materials used in the buildings that have six and more stories or are taller than 22 meters were specified in 2015, and three and more stories or are taller than 9 meters were specified in 2019. However, the buildings built before that may not accomplish the safety requirements and thus have fire safety problem. This study suggests a method for partially reinforcing the Exterior Insulation Finishing System (EIFS) of buildings to enhance the fire safety. EIFS specimens whose walls on the pilotis were reinforced with a mineral insulation material, were tested in accordance with BS 8414-1. The result showed that fire spread was delayed more than 9 min when compared with an EIFS specimen without reinforcement. 각종 화재 사고로 인해 외부 마감 재료에 대한 기준은 강화되고 있는 추세이다. 의정부 대봉 그린 아파트 화재 이후 층수 및 높이에 대한 규정이 강화되어 2015년 이후 6층 이상 높이 22미터 이상, 그리고 2019년 이후 3층 이상 높이 9미터 이상을 대상으로 외부 마감 재료의 화재안전 성능을 제한하고 있다. 최근에 신축되는 건축물의 경우 강화된 규정을 적용받게 되나 기존 건축물은 현재 규정으로 본다면 화재 안전성에 문제가 있을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 건축물의 외부 마감 시스템의 일부를 보강하여 화재안전성능을 강화하고자 하였으며, 필로티 상부 1개층 높이 단열재를 무기단열재로 교체하고 이를 BS8414-1 시험방법으로 성능을 검증하였으며, 보강하지 않은 일반 외부 마감 시스템과 비교하여 9분 이상의 지연 효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다.
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조경숙 대한언어학회 2003 언어학 Vol.11 No.4
This paper aims to study on similarities and differences in tense/aspect systems of English and Korean, focusing on correspondence between tense/aspect formatives and their meanings. Even though the tense/aspect systems of two languages show some similarities in their basic meanings of the tense/aspect formatives, many differences can be found in expressing their specific or contextual meanings. In English, the meanings of the tense/aspect formatives have quite systematic correspondence among them, because temporal meaning is expressed by means of strict formal, grammatical opposition of verbs. On the other hand, Korean language depends on adverbial expressions or contexts for its temporal meaning, as well as on the formal, grammatical opposition of verbs. That is, the various specific, contextual meanings of the tense/aspect formatives in Korean are mostly caused by its formative-neutralization tendency. Therefore, the differences in tense/aspect systems of English and Korean seem to be explained as typological differences between the languages in which tense/aspectual meanings mainly depend on grammatical devices, and the languages in which tense/aspectual meanings depend on lexical devices as well as grammatical devices.
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조경숙 대한언어학회 1998 언어학 Vol.6 No.1
Cho, Kyung-sook. 1996. The meaning of Indefinites and Pronominal Anaphora. Linguistics, 6-1, 193-213. The purposes of this paper are to study certain proposals related with the semantic interpretation of indefinites and pronominal anaphora, and to discuss their differences and problems. In formal semantics, indefinites have been traditionally treated as existential quantifiers. However, the quantificational approach of indefinites can not explain anaphoric relations between indefinite NPs and pronouns in the donkey sentences or in the inter-sentential examples. Therefore, in order to explain these anaphoric relations in maintaining the non-referential interpretation of indefinites, two theories are proposed: the E-type Theory and the Discourse Representation Theory. The E-type approach considers indefinites as existential quantifiers, and pronouns as definite descriptions. On the other hand, the DRT approach considers both indefinites and pronouns as variables, and explains their anaphoric relations in the discourse representation structure. In spite of these differences, two theories have the same problem: the problem of proportion. (Honam University)
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조경숙 한국지식재산연구원 2017 지식재산연구 Vol.12 No.4
The Design Protection Act of Korea only protects the designs that arouse a sense of beauty and at the same time requires the fulfillment of the aesthetic sense. This paper has made a definition of beauty and a sense of beauty and examined how they can be interpreted anew, while calling for easing the requirement on the aesthetic sense for the property of designs. It has comparatively analyzed the legislative attitudes toward the requirement on the aesthetic sense by examining the Design Protection Act of the five nations — the United States, China, Japan, and the European Union as well as South Korea — and figured out how the requirement on the aesthetic sense is interpreted both from the standpoint of law and in the field of design work. Two directions for interpreting the aesthetic sense have been suggested. First, the concept of the aesthetic sense should be interpreted in a wider context of incorporating various elements that include elegant beauty and the beauty of ugliness. Second, the concept of the aesthetic sense should be restrictively defined in terms of the level of ornamentation. This article has suggested some grounds for arguments with regard to the new interpretation of the aesthetic sense. One of the strongest contentions is that the original goals of the Design Protection Act of Korea — helping cultivate creative designs and promoting the development of the design industry — will not likely achieve the desired outcome when the Act continues to restrict the concept of beauty and a sense of beauty to the domain of elegant beauty, which is because the artistic value — being subjective in itself — is hard to judge from an objective viewpoint. 한국의 「디자인보호법」은 미감을 불러일으키는 디자인만을 보호대상으로 하면서 심미성의 충족을 요구하고 있다. 본고에서는 미와 미감이 무엇이고, 어떻게 해석되어야 하는가에 대한 논의를 전개하면서 현행법상의 디자인 성립요건으로서 심미성 해석을 완화할 것을 주장하였다. 본문의 전개는우리나라를 포함하는 일본, 중국, 그리고 미국과 유럽연합 5개국의 디자인보호법률상에서의 심미성 요건에 대한 입법 태도를 비교·분석하고, 심미성요건이 법적 관점에서 그리고 디자인 실무에서 어떻게 해석되고 있는지를고찰하였으며, 심미성에 관한 새로운 해석의 방향을 두 가지 안으로 제안하였다. 첫째, 디자인 성립요건으로서 심미성 요건을 우미 외의 추미 등을 포함하는 개념으로 확대·해석될 수 있도록 하거나 둘째, 장식성의 수준으로그 개념을 축소하여 해석될 수 있도록 하는 안이다. 본문에서는 심미성 관련한 이러한 새로운 해석의 타당성에 관한 논거를 제시하고 있다. 무엇보다도미적 가치라는 것은 그 자체가 주관적인 가치여서 객관적인 판단이 어렵고, 미와 미감을 현행과 같이 우미적 가치로만 제한하여 해석하는 경우, 「디자인보호법」이 추구하는 창작장려 및 산업의 발전은 소극적인 수준에 머물 수밖에 없다는 점 등이 그 이유이다.
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