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Isao Kanda,Roberto Basaldud,Nobuji Horikoshi,Yukiyo Okazaki,Sandy-Edith Benítez-Garcia,Abraham Ortínez,Victor Ramos Benítez,Beatriz Cárdenas,Shinji Wakamatsu 한국대기환경학회 2014 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.8 No.3
An abnormal decrease in ozonesonde sensor signaloccurred during air-pollution study campaigns in November2011 and March 2012 in Mexico City MetropolitanArea (MCMA). Sharp drops in sensor signalaround 5 km above sea level and above were observedin November 2011, and a reduction of signal overa broad range of altitude was observed in the convectiveboundary layer in March 2012. Circumstantialevidence indicated that SO2 gas interfered withthe electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesensors in the ozonesonde and that this interferencewas the cause of the reduced sensor signal output. The sharp drops in November 2011 were attributedto the SO2 plume from Popocatépetl volcano southeastof MCMA. Experiments on the response of theECC sensor to representative atmospheric tracegases showed that only SO2 could cause the observedabrupt drops in sensor signal. The vertical profileof the plume reproduced by a Lagrangian particlediffusion simulation supported this finding. A neargroundreduction in the sensor signal in March 2012was attributed to an SO2 plume from the Tula industrialcomplex north-west of MCMA. Before and atthe time of ozonesonde launch, intermittent high SO2concentrations were recorded at ground-level monitoringstations north of MCMA. The difference betweenthe O3 concentration measured by the ozonesondeand that recorded by a UV-based O3 monitorwas consistent with the SO2 concentration recordedby a UV-based monitor on the ground. The verticalprofiles of the plumes estimated by Lagrangian particlediffusion simulation agreed fairly well with theobserved profile. Statistical analysis of the wind fieldin MCMA revealed that the effect Popocatépetl wasmost likely to have occurred from June to October,whereas the effect of the industries north of MCMA,including the Tula complex, was predicted to occurthroughout the year.
Sandy E. Benitez-Garcia,Isao Kanda,Yukiyo Okazaki,Shinji Wakamatsu,Roberto Basaldud,Nobuji Horikoshi,Jose A. Ortinez,Victor R. Ramos-Benitez,Beatriz Cardenas 한국대기환경학회 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.2
In the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), ozone (O3) concentration is still higher than in other urban areas in developed countries. In order to reveal the current state of photochemical air pollution and to provide data for validation of chemical transport models, vertical profiles of meteorological parameters and ozone concentrations were measured by ozonesonde in two field campaigns: the first one, during the change of season from wet to dry-cold (November 2011) and the second during the drywarm season (March 2012). Unlike previous similar field campaigns, ozonesonde was launched twice daily. The observation data were used to analyze the production and distribution of ozone in the convective boundary layer. The observation days covered a wide range of meteorological conditions, and various profiles were obtained. The evolution of the mixing layer (ML) height was analyzed, revealing that ML evolution was faster during daytime in March 2012 than in November 2011. On a day in November 2011, the early-morning strong wind and the resulting vertical mixing was observed to have brought the high-ozone-concentration air-mass to the ground and caused relatively high surface ozone concentration in the morning. The amount of produced ozone in the MCMA was estimated by taking the difference between the two profiles on each day. In addition to the well-known positive correlation between daily maximum temperature and ozone production, effect of the ML height and wind stagnation was identified for a day in March 2012 when the maximum ground-level ozone concentration was observed during the two field campaigns. The relatively low ventilation coefficient in the morning and the relatively high value in the afternoon on this day implied efficient accumulation of the O3 precursors and rapid production of O3 in the ML.
Benitez-Garcia, Sandy E.,Kanda, Isao,Okazaki, Yukiyo,Wakamatsu, Shinji,Basaldud, Roberto,Horikoshi, Nobuji,Ortinez, Jose A.,Ramos-Benitez, Victor R.,Cardenas, Beatriz Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.2
In the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), ozone ($O_3$) concentration is still higher than in other urban areas in developed countries. In order to reveal the current state of photochemical air pollution and to provide data for validation of chemical transport models, vertical profiles of meteorological parameters and ozone concentrations were measured by ozonesonde in two field campaigns: the first one, during the change of season from wet to dry-cold (November 2011) and the second during the dry-warm season (March 2012). Unlike previous similar field campaigns, ozonesonde was launched twice daily. The observation data were used to analyze the production and distribution of ozone in the convective boundary layer. The observation days covered a wide range of meteorological conditions, and various profiles were obtained. The evolution of the mixing layer (ML) height was analyzed, revealing that ML evolution was faster during daytime in March 2012 than in November 2011. On a day in November 2011, the early-morning strong wind and the resulting vertical mixing was observed to have brought the high-ozone-concentration air-mass to the ground and caused relatively high surface ozone concentration in the morning. The amount of produced ozone in the MCMA was estimated by taking the difference between the two profiles on each day. In addition to the well-known positive correlation between daily maximum temperature and ozone production, effect of the ML height and wind stagnation was identified for a day in March 2012 when the maximum ground-level ozone concentration was observed during the two field campaigns. The relatively low ventilation coefficient in the morning and the relatively high value in the afternoon on this day implied efficient accumulation of the $O_3$ precursors and rapid production of $O_3$ in the ML.
( Wataru Ando ),( Hiroaki Yokomori ),( Nobuhiro Tsutsui ),( Eigoro Yamanouchi ),( Yutaka Suzuki ),( Masaya Oda ),( Yutaka Inagaki ),( Katsuya Otori ),( Isao Okazaki ) 대한간학회 2018 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.24 No.1
Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is prevalent in both economically developed and developing countries. Twenty percent of NASH progresses to cirrhosis with/without hepatocellular carcinoma, and there is an urgent need to find biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring progression of the disease. Using immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic examination we previously reported that expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP- 1) increased in monocytes, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells in early stage NASH. The present study investigated whether serum MMP-1 levels reflect disease activity and pharmaceutical effects in NASH patients. Methods: We measured the serum levels of MMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and several cytokines/ chemokines in patients with histologically proven early and advanced stages of NASH and compared them with those in healthy controls. Results: Serum MMP-1 levels in stage 1 fibrosis, but not in the more advanced fibrosis stages, were significantly higher than in healthy controls (P=0.019). There was no correlation between serum MMP-1 level and fibrosis stage. Serum MMP- 1 levels in NASH patients represented disease activity estimated by serum aminotransferase values during the followup period. In contrast, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMPs did not change with disease activity. Consistent with the finding that MMP-1 is expressed predominantly in monocytes and Kupffer cells, serum levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor were significantly increased in NASH with stage 1 fibrosis. Conclusions: These results suggest that serum MMP-1 levels represent disease activity and may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring the progression of NASH. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2018;24:61-76)
Review : Conference Report: Korea-Japan Symposium on Autoimmune Pancreatitis
( Seung Woo Park ),( Jae Bock Chung ),( Makoto Otsuki ),( Myung Hwan Kim ),( Jae Hoon Lim ),( Shigeyuki Kawa ),( Tetsuhide Ito ),( Isao Nishimori ),( Ji Kon Ryu ),( Kazuichi Okazaki ),( Kyu Taek Lee ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2008 Gut and Liver Vol.2 No.2
A consensus meeting on autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) was held in Seoul on August 31, 2007. Many Korean and Japanese gastroenterologist interested in AIP participated in the joint symposium, and issues related to histology, radiology, clinical manifestation, serology, and diagnostic criteria were discussed. This joint meeting indicated the need for unified diagnostic criterion for AIP in Korea and Japan. Here, we provide a summary of the symposium presentations and discussions.
Short communication : Korea-Japan Symposium for Autoimmune Pancreatitis
( Jae Bock Chung ),( Seon Joo Kim ),( Myung Hwan Kim ),( Jae Hoon Lim ),( Se Jin Jang ),( Jikon Ryu ),( Kyu Taek Lee ),( Terumi Kimisawa ),( Tetsuhide Ito ),( Isao Nishimori ),( Kazuichi Okazaki ),( S The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2007 Gut and Liver Vol.1 No.2