Understanding cultural values to improve cross-cultural communication: An ethnopragmatic perspective to Korean child rearing practices

윤경주 ( Kyung Joo Yoon ) 한국현대언어학회 2011 언어연구 Vol.26 No.4

This paper explores a way of understanding core cultural values in order to improve cross-cultural communication. Understanding cultural values is crucial for successful cross-cultural communication. The present study examines one aspect of Korean child rearing practices that is chosen to be a window through which people can see some Korean cultural values. Child rearing practices can demonstrate what values the cultural group share and care about as it is highly cultural, being a universal mission that is one of the most recurrent tasks requiring cultural solutions (Quinn 2005). Based on linguistic evidence a pertinent Korean cultural script is posited to reveal a Korean way of thinking and doing things. The descriptive framework used in this study is the cultural scripts approach that was developed out of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM hence) theory (Goddard and Wierzbicka 1994, Wierzbicka 1980; 2002). This study can contribute to a better understanding between Koreans and cultural outsiders by elucidating an indigenous Korean perspective.

Cultural Differences in International Sports Management Based on Cross-cultural Communication

Lyu Tao,Guo Hao 한중경제문화학회 2021 한중경제문화연구 Vol.16 No.-

서비스회복에 관한 비교문화적 접근- 항공운송서비스를 중심으로 -

문성현,김정만 한국관광학회 2008 관광학연구 Vol.32 No.3

This study proposed to examine the effects of service recovery on customer's satisfaction, re-purchase intention and positive word-of-mouth, and to examine cross-cultural differences which mainly focus on individualism- collectivism in air service industry.Results from this study suggest followings:First, the perceived recovery performance of procedural justice, distributive justice, interactional justice for service recovery significantly effects on customer's satisfaction. They also showed that the higher the satisfaction, the higher purchase intention, positive word-of-mouth.Second, in an examination of perceived recovery performance, satisfaction, behavior intentions between two cultural contexts, individual and collective consumer have no significant differences except three hypotheses.Third, the study revealed that there was significant difference between compensation and explanation, apology. In case of explanation and apology, customer's perceived recovery performance, satisfaction, behavior intention is higher than that of economic compensation.

지구적 시각에 기초한 세계사 교육에서 접근 방안

鄭善影(Jung Seon-Young) 역사교육연구회 2003 역사교육 Vol.85 No.-

Enhancing global perspectives in school education has become one of the most important task in this global era. If there is a subject that assumes forerunning role, one could say that it is the world history. Based on such aspect, this study explores specific methods and learning direction in order to develop world history subject content. The researcher has found out a series of continuous new movements since the 1960s which were the overcoming of Europe-oriented reasoning and the recognition of cross-cultural interaction. This study tried to use this new movement as a new guideline to improve world history education in Korea. World history in the Seventh National Curriculum reflects the needs of global era, and deals broadly with the history of human community perspective, for the first time, the history of regions that have not been introduced before. Nevertheless, world history education in Korea is still caught under the Oriental vs. Western history dichotomous composition. Especially, problem lies in the fact that the proportion of European and Chinese history is too large. Therefore, the world history education appropriate for the global era is to separate from emphasizing particular region and reconstruct content and methods in terms of history of human community or the global perspective. This requires new approach that fundamentally changes the framework of world history content; reorganization of the history of human community through macro perspective such as increasing of cross-cultural interaction or system for interdependence, while balancing many cultural areas that emerged in the world history in the multi-cultural perspectives. Furthermore, in order to develop global perspective, new approach is needed in the learning and teaching methods. The researcher emphasizes learner-centered learning, education for international understanding, ability for information processing, ability for decision-making, teaching historical controversies, cooperative learning, and various learning methods. In the global era, the task to introduce global perspective-based world history education should not wait any longer.

세계화 시대의 세계사 교육 : 상호관련성을 중심원리로 한 내용구성

姜鮮珠(Kang Sun-Joo) 역사교육연구회 2002 역사교육 Vol.82 No.-

What we teach about the history of the world in the high schools mostly shapes the future citizens" images and ideas about the world, because after graduation, most of the students will never again be exposed to any other kinds of courses that teach about world history or even world problems. Therefore, decisions about what to include and what to exclude from the high school world history course, how the course should be structured, and what the viewpoint for such a course should be are important. Today"s world of globalization demands history educators to revise world history courses to make them relevant to the social demands of the day. Peoples in the every comer of the world have, more than ever, interacted with inescapable intensity. Such increasing contacts between individuals through trade and travel, on one hand, urge for the global identity uniting peoples in the world and on the other hand. demand for awareness of and tolerance for multicultural characteristics of the human society. In this multicultural and global climate, there is no merit in a conventional way of teaching world history, which is a juxtaposition of the histories of different continents or cultures. Each civilization and people has had its own trajectory of development. It is important that each civilization should be understood in its own terms. However, organizing world history with separate civilizations as the primary units has little value. This is because first examining all civilizations and all nations" and peoples" histories from ancient times to the present is impossible to sustain. Anyone attempting to do this either omits most of history by default or moves so rapidly that each epoch and each civilization can only receive cursory attention. Moreover, many of the most important events in history, even in ancient times, have been played out on a map bigger than any single country or civilization. Therefore, each civilization should not be irrelevantly studied as just a fragment of world history, which would impede students to see the grand movements of world changes. This study underscores that world history should give attention to new problems and issues created by increasing cultural and ethnic pluralism and intensified global interdependence in the present world. In this respect, this study emphasizes cross-cultural interaction as a core organizing principle of world history and examines values of the interregional approach to construct world history. World history constructed with an interregional approach can be organized around big events whose impact was wide enough to involve peoples of differing cultures in a shared experience. These big events, then, would provide the common reference point for investigating and comparing other events and trends that related more narrowly to particular civilizations and cultural groups. Examining participation of the world"s peoples in processes transcending individual societies and cultural regions can give a new meaning to the study of world history: that is, by providing those experiences in which a large number of people transcending cultural and political borders involved, students can better identify themselves as participants in the process of world changes.

문화차는 어디에서 비롯되는가: 생태문화적 연구의 현황과 과제

박혜경 한국심리학회 2011 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.30 No.1

Although there has been a significant advance in the field of cultural psychology, it remains challenging to answer the fundamental question of what produces the diversity of cultures in the world. The goals of this article are to review both early and recent attempts to address this question and to suggest directions for future research. A special attention is given to the ecocultural approach to culture, in particular, how this approach theoretically conceptualizes and empirically investigates the constituting relationship between the human mind and ecocultural conditions. A diverse array of current empirical work is reviewed, including (a) work on cross-cultural variations in the development of cognitive competence and adaptation, (b) research on within-culture variations in self-construal and social behavior, and (c) research on the effects of geographic movement on the self, social relationships, and cultural change. Directions for future research are discussed. 문화심리학 연구 영역의 확장과 경험적 자료의 축적에도 불구하고 문화차의 기원을 밝히는 것은 여전히 난제로 남아있다. 본 논문에서는 문화차의 연원을 밝히고자 하였던 과거에서 현재까지의 연구를 개관하고, 앞으로의 연구 과제들을 제안하였다. 특히 생태문화적 접근에서 인간의 마음과 생태문화적 조건 간의 상호 형성 관계를 어떻게 이론적으로 개념화하고 경험적으로 연구하는 지를 중점적으로 개관하였다. 생태문화적 접근을 취한 최근의 여러 연구들 중 (1) 인지 능력의 발달과 적응에 있어서의 문화 간 변산, (2) 자기관과 독립성-상호의존성, 사회 행동에 있어서의 문화 내 변산, (3) 지리적 이동이 자기, 사회 행동, 사회 관계 및 문화의 변화에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구를 상세하게 정리하였다. 마지막으로, 생태문화적 접근과 관련하여 앞으로의 연구 과제들을 제시하였다.

도덕 발달과 문화의 교차점 탐색

송애리 한국도덕윤리과교육학회 2023 도덕윤리과교육 Vol.- No.78

This study introduces A. L. Jensen's cultural-developmental approach as a useful perspective to study the moral development of children and adolescents in consideration of the socio-cultural context. This approach presents the development path of autonomy, community, and divinity ethics suggested by Schweder based on the existing moral development theory and related preceding research results. In this study, we examine empirical studies conducted in various cultures using a cultural-developmental approach and discuss their implications for setting goals and teaching and learning methods for moral education. This study raises the importance of children's daily experiences, the social and physical environment around them, and the importance of social communication with key people around them in moral education. Furthermore, this study proposes goals of moral education from the perspective of a 'coexistence model'. Finally, as a suggestion for future research, the need for an operational definition of 'culture,' a meaningful unit of analysis, the importance of research to reveal cultural processes, considerations in designing research, and the importance of capturing indigenous people's perspectives and concepts are discussed. 본 연구는 사회문화적 맥락을 고려하여 아동 및 청소년의 도덕 발달을 연구하는데 유익한 관점으로서 젠슨(A. L. Jensen)의 문화-발달적 접근을 소개한다. 이 접근은 기존의 도덕 발달 이론과 관련 경험 연구 결과들을 토대로 슈웨더가 제시한 자율성, 공동체, 신성 윤리의 발달 경로를 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 문화-발달적 접근을 취한 다양한 문화권의 경험 연구들을 살펴보고, 그것이 도덕과 교육의 목표 설정 및 교수·학습 방법과 관련하여 갖는 시사점을 논의한다. 본 연구는 공존 모델의 관점에서 도덕과 교육의 목표를 제언하고, 아동의 일상생활 속 경험과 아동을 둘러싼 사회적·물리적 환경, 그리고 사회적 의사소통의 도덕 교육적 중요성을 논의한다. 끝으로, 후속 연구를 위한 제언으로 ‘문화’에 대한 조작적 정의의 필요성, 의미있는 분석의 단위, 문화적 과정을 밝히는 연구의 중요성, 연구 디자인 설계 시 고려할 점, 원주민의 관점 및 개념 포착의 중요성을 강조한다.

위조품 구매에 대한 한국과 중국의 소비문화 비교연구

김주호(Kim, Joo Ho) 韓國商品學會 2011 商品學硏究 Vol.29 No.6

본 연구는 중국의 3대 도시인 베이징, 상하이, 광저우와 서울의 시민 중에 위조품을 구매한 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 진품과 위조품에 대한 소비자 행동을 비교하였으며, 위조품은 다시 실용재와 쾌락재와 나누어 연구하였다. 왜냐하면 중국의 경우 위조품은 소위 명품의 위조품뿐만 아니라 생필품에도 존재하여, 위조품의 종류를 구분하여 분석하는 것이 중국의 소비자를 이해하기 위해서 반드시 필요한 과정이라고 생각하였기 때문이다. 연구결과, 한국의 소비자가 고가 브랜드 제품의 소비대안으로써 상대적으로 저렴한 위조품을 구매하는 것이라면, 중국의 소비자들은 원래 브랜드 제품과는 별개의 또 다른 하나의 상품으로 간주하는 경향이 있었다. 진품 선호도에서는 실용재의 경우 광저우의 소비자들이, 쾌락재의 경우에는 베이징의 소비자들이 높은 점수를 보인 것에서도 알 수 있듯이, 베이징 소비자는 집단적이며 남을 의식하는 과시적 소비성향이 강하였고, 광저우 소비자들은 유행과 패션에는 둔감한 편이고 실리위주의 소비행태를 보였다. 그리고 상하이 소비자들은 개인중심적인 성향이 강해, 집단의 영향력이 가장 낮았다. 특히 연구가 진행된 네 지역 중, 상대적으로 상업이 발달한 상하이 소비자와 서울의 소비자는 동일하게 브랜드 관여도가 높아질수록 위조품 선호도가 낮아지는 흥미로는 결과를 보여주었다. 구조방정식을 통해 살펴본 위조품 구매과정에서 집단의 영향, 인지도, 관여도는 중국 소비자의 위조품 구매행위를 설명하는 중요한 변수라는 사실을 확인하였다. 지역에 따라 위조품 소비성향의 매우 다른 내용을 보여준 본 연구의 결과는 중국을 이해하는 하나의 시작이 될 수 있을 것이며, 특히 위조품 구매와 관련된 연구가 서울의 소비자와 비교하여 분석하였다는 점에서 이론적·실무적인 차원에서도 유용한 기초 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. Despite of growing the importance of Chinese markets, the studies on the Chinese markets and consumers are insufficient. In recent days, as Chinese industrialization was highly developed, consumer living standard is also changing so diversely owing to globalization. In this respect, the consumption of luxury brands have been sharply increased as well as counterfeits. The Chinese counterfeits has begun to gain great attention because of the drastic increase in its volume. Counterfeit harms to national economy as well as international economy in many ways. The previous literatures are limited not only to the superficial understanding and also to the empirical studies of the homogeneous sample. However, This study elaborates differences of consumers in three major cities in China and Seoul of Korea with respect to the two different concepts of product attributes: utilitarian and hedonic. Data were gathered by surveying Chinese and Korean consumer living in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Seoul using convenient sampling, and 620 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. In analyzing data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, structural equation modeling with AMOS were conducted. We found that There are direct effect of social sensitivity on brand recognition and differences exist among three major urban cities in China. This study also show that the Korean buyers of counterfeits tended to purchase counterfeit goods as more alternatives of genuine(original) product than Chinese buyers while Chinese buyer consider two products completely different. Among cities, Seoul and Shanghai consumer shows similar tendency against counterfeit with high involvement of brand. The results of this study suggest consumers' attitude towards counterfeit need to be changed, following consumer education, and strict law enforcement. Based on these results, global brand marketing strategies were suggested.

생명의료윤리에 대한 비교문화적 접근: 의학적 의사결정을 중심으로

이상목 ( Sang Mok Lee ) 한국의료윤리학회 2007 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The supremacy of individual consent and autonomy in resolving bioethical problems and medical decision making is increasingly being called into question in Eastern cultures, where long-standing customs and traditions often clash with the Western principles of autonomy, self-determination, and individual rights. In order to strengthen and promote medical ethics and bioethics in the East, a detailed understanding of the ethical traditions of both civilizations is needed. This study goes some way toward fulfilling that need by providing a cross-cultural comparison of Eastern and Western bioethics and examining Confucian and Western moral perspectives on medical decision making.

An Investigation of Chemyon on Consumption Behavior of Asian and Western Consumers: Cross-Cultural Comparative Approach

Young-Doo KIM 한국유통과학회 2019 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.10 No.5

Purpose – It is well known that chemyon, referred to by Westerners as face, naturally penetrates the daily life of Asians and influences their cognition, emotion, and behavior. Studies related to chemyon have been conducted in marketing and consumer behavior fields (e.g., luxury products or brands, service failure and recovery, brand preferences, consumer decision making, wedding ceremony, gift giving). A bulk of studies demonstrate that chemyon influences consumption behavior in Asian consumers. Although chemyon significantly influences consumption behavior of Asian consumers, it is also a cultural phenomenon that is not completely explained within the Western viewpoint. Whereas a number of researchers have approached cross-cultural studies of Asian and Western consumers, a limited number of studies have examined it from the perspective of chemyom. The purpose of this study is to compare the phenomenon that chemyon (face) not only affects the consumption behavior of Asia and the West universally (pan-culturally), but also distinctively (culture-specifically). That is, the purpose of this study is to describe that chemyon (face) is not only a culture-specific phenomenon but also a universal phenomenon in the consumption behavior of Asian and Western consumers, even though the extent that chemyon (face) impacts consumption behavior is differentiated. This study aims to understand commonalities and differences between Asian and Western consumption behavior in terms of chemyon (face), and to suggest how to enhance marketing effectiveness in a global market based on understanding the consumption behavior of Asia and the West. Research design, data, and methodology – Using systematic literature review and meta-analysis, this study investigates consumption behavior of Asian and Western consumers from the perspective of chemyon (face). Systematic literature review was used to compare face (chemyon) consumption of Western consumers with that of Asian consumers. To verify systematic literature review, meta-analysis was also accomplished. Results – First, the influence of face (chemyon) on consumption behavior is observed in Western consumers as well as Asian consumers. Second, Asian consumers are more influenced by face (chemyon) than Western consumers. Conclusions – Overall, chemyon (face) can affect the consumption behavior of Asians as well as the consumption behavior of Westerners.