Relationship between the infrastructure level of the 6th industrialization and its outlook

김성훈,한재환 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2017 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.44 No.4

In Korea, the government introduced the 6th industrialization policy for the agricultural sector in 2013, to increase farmers’ incomes and the value-added of agricultural products. Although some research has been done on the 6th industrialization of agriculture, the relationship between the level of consumers’ awareness and the 6th industrialization of agriculture has not yet been discussed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of consumers’ awareness levels on the development of the 6th industrialization of agriculture. The results of a survey and seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model present the following findings: an increased consumers’ awareness of the 6th industrialization of agriculture positively affects the agricultural sector. More particularly, it was found that consumers who agree that the 6th industrialization increases farmers’ income and creates value-added agricultural products will also have an optimistic prospect for a successful 6th industrialization. In addition, consumers who like to experience agro-tourism type activities give higher scores to the infrastructure level of the 6th industrialization. Consumers who think that production section should take lead the 6th industrialization of the agricultural sector will also have an optimistic prospect for a successful 6th industrialization. However, consumers who think that farmers or farmers’ organizations, should take lead the 6th industrialization have a more pessimistic prospect for a successful 6th industrialization. Consumers who got information on the 6th industrialization from the internet think that the infrastructure of the 6th industrialization is not good enough.

농수산물을 활용한 6차산업화 공적지원프로그램에 관한 연구(한국과 일본의 사례비교연구)

권혜숙 ( Hyesook Kwon ),도고야스시 ( Yasushi Togo ),안진근 ( Jinkeun Ahn ) 한국공간디자인학회 2015 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.10 No.4

(연구배경 및 목적)인구 감소 및 농어촌 지역의 고령화는 지역의 경제적 경쟁력을 잃는 원인이 되고 지역 경제 문제는 심각한 상황에 놓여있다. 이와같은 지역의 경제 문제를 해결하기 위해 한국 정부는 창조 경제의 일환으로 융합 사업의 6 차 산업화를 통해서 지역 경제를 살리기 위한 다양한 정책을 시행하고 있다. 한편, 한국과 같은 문제를 안고 있는 일본도 지역경제문제를 해결하기 위해 농업의 6 차산업을 통한 다양한 지원제도와 인재양성제도를 추진하고 있다. 또 대학이나 연구 기관에서는 6 차 산업화의 추진 동향과 사례 조사를 통한 전략 방안 등에 관해서 활발한 연구 활동이 진행되고 있다. 그러나 6 차 산업화를 촉진시키기 위한 다양한 공적 지원 제도가 원활하게 추진도록 사전에 조정 관리할 수 있는 스킴에 대한 연구는 발견되지 않았다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 농림 수산물을 활용한 6 차 산업화의 각 프로세스 지원 내용과 범위, 지원 주체를 적절히 연계하고 배분, 통제, 관리할 수 있는 프로그램·매니지먼트 스킴을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. (연구방법)본 연구는 6 차 산업화의 개념도부터 발전시킨 6 차 산업화를 촉진하는 공적 지원의 매니지먼트 프로그램 계획을 가설로 고안하고 그것을 틀로서 이용하여 한국과 일본에서 추진되고 있는 6 차 산업화에 대한 정부 차원의 공적 지원 프로그램의 내용을 비교한다. 비교 내용은 지원 주체별로 시행하고 있는 지원 프로그램을 6차 산업화 프로세스의 7 개항목과 지원 내용의 5 개항목을 키워드로 하고 현재 추진되고 있는 한국과 일본의 지원 프로그램의 내용과 비율을 확인할 수 있도록 표와 그래프로 정리했다. (결과)6 차 산업화 프로세스 지원 사업에서 일본은 각 산업화 지원이 균형적인 것에 비해서 한국은 6 차 산업화를 홍보하는 단계에 대한 지원이 많았다. 지원내용에 있어서는 일본과 비교하여 한국은 기술설비나 시설, 판로개척 등에 지원이 많았고, 일본은 지적서비스데 대한 지원이 한국보다 많이 추진되고 있었다. 한국보다 10년 정도 먼저 6 차산업화가 추진되었던 일본의 6 차 산업은 정착단계에 있으므로 설비나 시설개선등 보다 지적서비스에 대한 지원이 요구되었기 때문이라고 볼 수 있다. (결론)6 차산업화를 촉진하기 위해서는 농림수산물을 활용한 지역산품을 생산하기 위한 기술과 설비 등의 인프라를 구축하는 것도 중요하지만, 6 차 산업화의 각 프로세스 지원 내용과범위, 지원 주제를 적절히 연계하고 배분상황을 통제, 관리할 수 있는 프로그램·매니지먼트 체제를 촉구하여 6차산업화를 리드하는 인재양성 프로그램을 강구해야 만 할 것이다. (Background and Purpose)Population decline and aging of people in farming and fishing areas may cause economic competitiveness in such regions to decline, which puts regional economic issues in a serious situation. With the aim of solving such regional economic issues, the South Korean government, as part of its creative approach to the economy, is to enforce a variety of policies to rebuild the local economy through the sixth industrialization of the fusion of business. On the other hand, Japan, which has the same problem as South Korea, has been aiming to solve local economic problems by promoting a variety of support programs through agriculture within the sixth industrialization. In addition, universities and research institutions have begun to conduct active research with respect to such strategies in relation to promotion trends and case studies of the sixth industrialization. However, while various public support systems are in place to promote the sixth industrialization, research on how such schemes can be adjusted and managed has not been conducted to date. In this study, therefore, the contents and scope of each process of the sixth industrialization with respect to agricultural and marine products will be considered, along with the question of whether the appropriate cooperation and support is in place to allow the program to be developed and managed adequately. (Approach) This study aims to devise a public support management program to promote the sixth-order industrialization that evolved from the conceptual diagram of the sixth industrialization, and which has been promoted in South Korea and Japan. Using it as a basic framework, we will compare the contents of public support programs at government level for the sixth industrialization. The comparison considers the five types of support within the programs, which is enforced by seven items of the sixth industrialization process in the keyword, the content, and percentage of South Korea and Japan’s support program that is currently being promoted. A graph is provided to summarize the results. (Results) Japan in support project of the sixth industrialization process as compared to the assistance of each industrialization is taking the balance, South Korea support to the stage to promote the sixth industrialization there were many. In addition, a comparative study of South Korean technical equipment and facilities and Japanese support contents revealed that a great deal of support is given in areas such as market development; in addition, Japan’s support for intellectual services was found to be greater than that given in South Korea. Japan began to promote the sixth industrialization about 10 years ahead of South Korea, because in Japan the sixth industrialization was afforded a great deal of government support, facilities, and improvement of facilities for intelligence services, which is needed for the development and commercialization of new products. (Conclusions) In order to facilitate the sixth industrialization, although it is important to build infrastructure such as techniques and equipment for the production of local goods, such as processed products that utilize agricultural and marine products, the sixth industrialization must support the contents and scope of each process, support theme appropriate cooperation to control whether or not to allocate, it is necessary to build a capable program management system, in order to address population-reduction issues and problems in the regional economy, of as well as Japan as a fundamental measure should be to offer human resources training programs that will contribute to the sixth industrialization.

기형도 시에 나타난 근대 도시 공간 연구

조동범 경기대학교 인문학연구소 2018 시민인문학 Vol.35 No.-

근대성은 비극을 전제하며 우리의 의식 안에 다가온다. 따라서 근대성 위에 구축된 근대 이후의 삶과 세계는 비극적 양상을 그 저변에 깔고 있는 것일 수밖 에 없다. 19세기 이후에 탄생한 근대성은 우리의 삶에 끝도 없는 욕망을 자리 잡 게 함으로써 비극성을 내재하게 한다. 따라서 근대성의 양상으로 진행되는 산업 화와, 산업화의 결과로 나타난 도시화 역시 비극적 삶의 국면을 기본적으로 내재 한다. 기형도의 시는 이러한 근대적 산업화를 공간적 배경으로 시적 주제 의식을 전 개한다. 특히 기형도가 삶의 대부분을 보낸 광명시는 서울 외곽의 위성도시로서 산업화의 그늘이 짙게 드리운 곳이었다. 광명시를 비롯한 서울 인근의 위성도시 는 한국 사회의 산업화 속에 변두리로 내몰린 곳이었다. 그곳은 서울이라는 대도 시로부터 내몰린 도시 빈민의 거처이기도 했으며, 농촌을 떠나 수도권으로 이주 한 이들의 정착지이기도 했다. 위성 도시에서의 삶은 중심부로 진입하지 못한, 소외의 역사를 지닐 수밖에 없는 것이었다. 그리고 이것은 한국 사회의 산업화와 도시화가 지니고 있는 비극적 양상과 긴밀한 연관을 맺는다. 근대성은 도시의 탄생 과정과 밀착되어 있다. 그 가운데 산업화와 도시화는 유기적으로 연계되어 있기도 하다. 근대적 시공간은 산업화를 통해 근대 이후의 삶 전반을 지배하며 근대성을 드러내며 도시화를 향해 나아간다. 주지하듯 산업 화는 인간의 욕망, 지배구조, 빈부격차 등을 동반하며 진행된다. 대량 생산과 대 량 소비를 통해 지배구조를 공고히 하고, 이러한 지배구조는 빈부격차로 이어진 다. 그리고 이러한 대량 생산과 대량 소비의 한가운데 인간의 욕망이 있다. 대량 생산과 소비는 인간의 욕망을 끊임없이 자극함으로써 산업화에 당위를 부여한다. 그리고 이와 같은 산업화를 기반으로 도시는 탄생한다. 기형도의 시는 이와 같은 산업화와 도시화의 비극적 공간을 중심으로 시적 세 계를 펼쳐나간다. 그중에서도 산업화의 양상이 더욱 적극적으로 등장한다. 산업 화는 그것이 진행되는 시간 개념이 강하며 도시화는 도시가 이루어진 공간 개념 이 강하다. 기형도의 시는 산업화를 주된 시적 배경으로 삼아 부조리한 도시의 모습을 드러내고자 했다. 이처럼 기형도의 시가 근대적 시대 상황과 삶의 양상을 시에 적극적으로 차용했다는 점에서, 산업화와 도시화를 중심으로 한 기형도 시 의 근대적 공간 연구는 매우 중요하다. 기형도 시의 중요한 지점을 차지하는 근 대성이 한국 사회의 전반적인 사회상을 보여준 것일 뿐만 아니라 시인의 내면과 의식의 흐름에도 많은 영향을 끼친 것이기 때문이다. Modernity approaches our senses premising tragedy. Therefore, the life and the world after modern society that are established on the modernity have to underlie tragic aspects. The modernity born after the 19th century establishes the endless desire in our life, making tragedy inherent. The industrialization processed with the aspect of modernity and the urbanization that showed up as a result of industrialization also involve the tragic aspect of life. Ki Hyeong-do's poems show poetic themes with the spatial background of the modern industrialization. Esepcially Gwangmyeong-si, where he spent most of his life, is a satellite city of Seoul and had thick shadow of industrialization. Satellite cities near Seoul including Gwangmyeong-si were driven out of the metropolitan city of Seoul to outskirt in the industrialization of Korean society. They were the dwellings of urban low income people who were kicked out of Seoul, and were also the settlement of those who moved to the capital area leaving rural areas. The lives in the satellite cities have to have history of being alienated by those who couldn't enter the central areas. This is closely involved with the tragic aspect that industrialization and urbanization of Korea have. Modernity is closely involved with the process of a city's birth. Industrialization and urbanization are organically related. Modern space-time controls the overall lives after modern times through industrialization, reveals modernity and advances towards urbanization. As everyone knows, industrialization is processed with human's desire, governance structure and the gap between the rich and poor. Through mass production and mass consumption, the governance structure becomes firm, and the governance structure leads to the gap between the rich and poor. In the middle of the mass production and the mass consumption is human's desire. The mass production and the mass consumption gives the appropriateness to industrialization by stimulating human's desire constantly. Based on this industrialization, cities are born. Ki Hyeong-do's poems develop poetic world focusing on the tragic space of this industrialization and urbanization. His poems with the poetic space as the basis naturally show tragic aspects in the overall poems. Thus, the sentiment of his poems premises the tragic modernity and space. In that his poems actively borrow the spatial background and the aspect of life, it is very important to study modern space based on industrialization and urbanization. That's because the space of industrialization and urbanization that accounts for the important points of Ki Hyeong-do's poems not only shows the overall social aspects of Korea but also affects the poet's inner side and stream of consciousness.

‘고용 인력’ 결정요인 분석 -농촌융복합산업(6차 산업)을 중심으로-

이향미 ( Yi Hyang Mi ) 한국식품유통학회 2016 食品流通硏究 Vol.33 No.3

For enhancing the effects of the 6th industrialization``s job creation, the following methods can be the possible ways:figuring out the agricultural workforce demands of the 6th industrialization farm managers, raising the necessary customized manpower for each business unit based on the needs, and connecting the manpower to each farming family. Thus, the factors for deciding the demands of workforce for the farming families participating in the 6th industrialization was examined empirically for this research, by utilizing the probit model for simultaneously figuring out the farming families`` participating in the 6th industrialization and the demands of workforce. According to the analysis, first of all, the possibility of being employed is 11.21% when participating in the 6th industrialization, and the possibility of not employing the workforce is 9.04%, which shows that the demand for workforce increases when engaging in the 6th industrialization. Second, the demand for workforce increases when the main agents of the 6th industrialization are the agents that belong to farming organizations, compared to the situations of the separate business units;also, the new farmers rather than the successors of the farming families need more workforce when participating in the 6th industrialization. Third, the demand for workforce decreased for the 6th industrialization when the main agents have long experiences of farming. Fourth, when the planted area is above the maximum size, the possibility of hiring workforce decreases when the business owners engage in the 6th industrialization;however, it was analyzed that the hiring of workforce increased by 46.9% when the farming families that have 3.4ha on average increase the area by 1ha. Fifth, the farming families that have the high educational level rather than those having lower educational level have more demand for workforce when they engage in the 6th industrialization.

1920~30년대 산업합리화 운동과 조선 지식인의 현실 인식

이수일(Lee Su-Il) 역사실학회 2009 역사와실학 Vol.38 No.-

New aspects of 20century are approached in various ways, but the most important thing is appearance of modern industrial society, mass society. After World War Ⅰ, modern industrial society and mass society appeared. The United States of America and the Soviet Union were two nucleuses of modern industrial society, mass society. Especially the United States that grasped hegemony of world economy after World War enjoyed Pax Americana and the secret of Pax Americana was industrial rationalization movement to establish modern industrial structure and production system. Industrial Rationalization Movement based on mass production and mass consumption was innovation of economic and rebuilding of world economy after World War appeared before the footlights. The world system of twentieth century was understood 'broken world' of old capitalism and new socialism. Americanism and Bolshevism were two blueprints for New Korea. Both were same mass society but how to make technology revolution was different. The key point was just like American capitalism strengthening of monopoly or just like the Soviet Union establishment of social ownership. In other word how to make and control social productive capacity was decisive. Industrial rationalization based technology and science consisted of two ways. The one is capitalistic industrial rationalization just like Fordism and Taylor system, the other is social industrial rationalization just like Stakhanovite movement. Korean Intellectuals' recognition of 20century was two modern state system and ideology rooted Americanism and Bolshevism, namely broken split world. They made such a ideological split in engaging national independent movement. Colonial modernity means exploitation of imperialism. Independent industrialzation never comes from it. Colonial modernity means thorough distortion of natives' life. Under the Rule of Japanese Imperialism Korean Nationalists have asserted that only capitalism could achieve industrialization and modernization. Especially 1920-30's Korean students studying in America were capitalistic apostles. They found that capitalism's progressivity came from its vast productivity just like America capitalism. The only way to guarantee national existence was only capitalistic industrialization and Korea's Americanization. To achieve capitalistic industrialization it needs to cultivate economic mind and systematize Korean economy. The accomplishment of capitalistic industrialization depends on Korean landowners and bourgeoisie' national awakening. Korean nationalists acclaimed industrial rationalization movement as capitalism's innovation, but Korean socialists severly criticized it as capital's violence and exploitation. Korean socialists strongly hoped to make a 'rational' and 'fair' industrial rationalization. They regarded socialism and the Soviet Union as 'rational' and 'fair' industrial rationalization. The success of the Soviet Union's industrialization made way for Korean socialists to achieve non-capitalistic industrialization. The way of the Soviet Union's industrialization was regarded as an new alternative modern. So they thought that Korea under the rule of Japanese Imperialism could be accomplished industrialization by the Stalin's way. Just like Stakhanovite Movement, the socialistic industrial rationalization movement was regarded as the only humane and rational rationalization. In the end to Korean nationalists the United States was an earthly paradise, to Korean socialists the Soviet Union was an earthly paradise. Both had antagonisitc relationship and such a hostility went off during 1945year.

1930년대 일제의 조선공업화와 산림정책

강정원 한국근현대사학회 2016 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.79 No.-

This research aims to reveal how the Japanese loan policy focusing on afforestation in the name of the rescue of forest devastation changed with Joseon Industrialization in the early Japanese Empire. The Japanese Empire pushed Joseon Industrialization to break away from the crisis of the Great Depression in 1929. Joseon Industrialization was applied to forest with no change. While the Japanese Empire had developed the resources in untouched area of the upper stream of the Abrok-gang and the Duman-gang and supplied the industrial raw materials, it pushed forward with the northern Joseon exploitation business to make this area a stepping-stone toward the invasion of Manchuria. This project enabled the Japanese Empire to take out enormous timbers of the national forest in the Yalu and the Tumen, thereby the Japanese capital spread widely, kinds of lumber mills and pulp mills were set up and huge profits were made. The afforestation loan kept going on in this exploitation boom. The monopolistic capital provided immense loan of forest land to make timber forest, giving preference to the railway forest region in the northern area. Especially, a salient loan monopolization of the Joseon Forestry Development meant the fall of the existing loan system in wartime regime. The Japanese Empire encouraged wood species necessary for industrialization such as a larch and a lumber for mining to be planted, therefore, preferring the great capital to carry out this plan. In the meantime, the feature of loan policy in 1930s was the extremely high loan percentage except afforestation comparing to that of afforestation. Above all, there was the loan of the energy development. Power generation became an important driving force to conduct the industrialization and invasion of Asian continent of the Japanese Empire with affluent underground resources in Ham-nam district and a convenient railway transportation. In particular, plentiful hydraulic power supply in the Jang-jin river gave Heung-nam a chance to be the biggest industrial city, attracting heavy industries like chemistry and electricity. Next, the Japanese Empire lent the national forest actively for mine exploitation. The high loan percentage of a Japanese mining company, which entered gold mining business as a subsidiary of a newly-rising Japanese business combine, has relation to the process of securing its exclusive status in mining industry, putting peripheral mining companies together. Lastly, the loan of grazing land was connected to sheep raising industry. The Japanese Empire exploited a large scale of sheep raising land to cope with the contradiction of agriculture policy resulting from the policy of rice output increase and to ensure the stable supply of industrial fiber materials. The land exploitation policy of the Oriental Development Company borrowed and developed the forest land of Ham-buk district and pressed the locals and slash-burn farmers into duty for sheep raising business. The loan except afforestation in the 1930s was consistent with the flow and direction of Joseon industrialization in the Japanese Empire. People provided with all sorts of land necessary for industrialization in the loaned area were called out for labor supplement. Also, the loaners except afforestation were the Japanese big capitalists leading Joseon industrialization in the northern region. The big capitalists were first capable of getting the loan of forest land with the support of Japanese colonial government of Korea, accordingly, worked together on the invasion of Asian continent and industrialization of the Japanese imperialism and achieved their gains. 본 연구는 일제 초기 산림 황폐를 구제한다는 명목으로 조림에 집중되었던 일제의 대부정책이 조선공업화와 맞물려 어떻게 변용되어 나갔는지를 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 1929년 세계대공황에 따른 조선공업화는 적극적인 산림‘개발’로 나타났다. 1910, 20년대 일제의 임야대부는 산림황폐에 대한 대안으로 조림을 권장하였으나, 1930년대는 ‘개발’의 분위기 속에서 공업화에 유용한 용재 생산을 위해 ‘조림’대부를 지속하는 한편, 공업화에 필요한 전력개발, 광산개발, 목재벌채를 위해 산림을 이용하였다. 조선공업화와 전시체제로 인해 공업원료와 군수물자의 수요가 증대하는 가운데 일인 자본가들은 조림보다 벌채사업을 통해 일본 제국주의의 대륙침략과 공업화에 협력하면서 자본의 이익을 관철시켜 나갔다. 산림‘개발’이라는 미명 아래 진행된 이들의 무차별적인 산림벌채와 임산자원의 이용은 결국 극심한 산림 황폐를 초래했다.

The Strengthening of Export Competitiveness through the 6th Agriculture Industrialization and the 4th Industrial Revolution

Jin-Sup Jung,Kyungil Khoe 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.3

Purpose – With the technology of the 4th industrial revolution, business models of agricultural sector are changing rapidly toward convergence and high value-added business models due to the 6th industrialization of agricultural. Our goals is to examine the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and then to apply the technology of the 4th industrial revolution to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, suggesting the possibility of future agriculture, and then linking the export competitiveness of agricultural products. Research design, data, and methodology – As the methodology, case studies and empirical analyzes were conducted as well as literature studies. The case analyses included tomatoes, pig breeding farms, and an empirical analysis was conducted using the AHP analysis by experts of the 6th industrialization. In addition, using 124 survey data, this study examined and analyzed the items of the 4th industrial revolution technology for the 6th industrialization of agriculture and the strengthening of export competitiveness. Results - Results showed that the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution helped "6th industrialization of agriculture" and "the strengthening of export competitiveness" using two successful cases. The AHP analysis was also carried out, and it was found that the improvement of the technology in the 4th industrial revolution could contribute to the future industrialization as well as the 6th industrialization of agriculture. First of all, we looked many conditions were important and urgent. Among the technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, the mobile, big data were important. Moreover, it was recognized that linkage and convergence related efforts would greatly contribute to strengthening export competitiveness of agriculture such as price and quality competitiveness. Conclusions – The 4th industrial revolution such as hyper-connectivity, hyper-intelligence and hyper-predictability contribute greatly to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and therefore it is essential to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural sector by using the technology of the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, based on analyses of the diamond model, the "demand conditions" was the most important factor for the activation of the 6th Industrialization, and then "related and supporting fields", "factor conditions" and "business context" were followed in order. The results of this study can be useful for policy, practical and academic sectors.

김승옥의 시나리오에 나타난 산업화 양상

홍재범(Hong, Jae-beom) 국어국문학회 2016 국어국문학 Vol.- No.176

본고는 김승옥의 시나리오에 나타나는 산업화의 양상을 두 층위에서 고찰하고자 한다. 김승옥의 시나리오 작업은 당시 한국 사회의 산업화의 양상을 당대 대중들의 감수성에 효과적으로 조응하여 수행되었다. 그중에서도 <영자의 전성시대>(1975)와 <여자들만 사는 거리>(1976)는 산업화의 외적, 내적 두 층위에서 빚어지는 양상을 압축적으로 형상화하고 있다는 점에서 주목을 요한다. 1970년대 중반 한국 사회는 근대/산업화의 문제점이 표면화되는 시점이라 할 수 있다. 두 텍스트는 표층에서 대중적인 ‘호스티스 멜로드라마’ 장르로 묶일 수 있지만, 그 심층의 내적 논리는 산업화의 발현 양상으로 읽어낼 수 있다. 김승옥은 그 양상을 크게 두 층위에서 표현하고 있다. 첫 번째는 인물들의 삶의 물리적 환경으로서 존재하는데, 적응하기 어려운 속도로 표상된다. 산업화 과정에서 발생한 여러 직업을 거치며 사회의 밑바닥으로 전락해 가는 인물의 역정을 도시화가 파생시키는 새로운 공간들과의 관련 속에서 묘사한다. 두 번째로 표층에서는 산업화와 무관하게 보일 수 있으나 심층에서는 산업화의 내적 원리로서 근대화의 성장담론과 산업화를 달성하기 위해 개개인에게 요구하는 노동윤리를 인물 내부에서 내면화된 형태로 제시한다. 김승옥은 산업화가 야기하는 사회구조적 문제를 개인의 근면과 자조 그리고 긍정적 삶의 태도를 통해 극복할 수 있다는 논리를 해피엔딩의 결말로 암시한다. This study would discuss the aspects of industrialization in Kim Seung-ok’s scenarios on two layers. Kim Seung-ok’s scenario work was performed effectively corresponding the aspects of industrialization of Korean society of the times to the sensitivity of the populace of the times. Of them, “Yeong-ja’s Heydays” (1975) and “Manless Street” (1976) require attention in that they embody the aspects appearing on two layers of industrialization (external and internal layers) concisely. The mid-1970s was a time when the problems of modernity and industrialization were coming to the surface in Korean society. The two texts could be bound as popular ‘hostess melodrama’ genre on the surface layer; however, the inner logic on the deep layer could be read as the aspects of the manifestation of industrialization. Kim Seung-ok expressed these aspects broadly in two layers. The first one exists as the physical environment of the characters’ lives, which is represented by the speed to which people could hardly adapt themselves. He describes the journeys of the characters who are through various jobs during the process of industrialization and fall down to the lowest social stratum in the relations with new spaces derived from urbanization. Second, he suggests labor ethics in a form internalized in the characters, which may seem unrelated to industrialization on the surface layer, while is required from individuals on the deep layer as an inner principle of industrialization in order to achieve the discourse of growth of modernization and industrialization. Kim Seung-ok implies a logic that the problems of the social structure caused by industrialization can be overcome through personal diligence, self-help and positive attitude toward life by concluding them with happy endings.

독일 작센 왕국의 실업,기술교육에 관한 연구

유진영 ( Jin Young Yu ) 한국서양사학회 2012 西洋史論 Vol.0 No.112

In the middle of the 19th century, Saxony was known as the classic state in terms of industrialization in the German Empire, which was established in 1871. Between 1871 and 1914, the German Empire went through the so-called delayed modernization phase in relation to its political structures and industrialization. The Kingdom of Saxony was central in the speed of industrialization in the German Empire. The Kingdom possessed the best conditions, a suitable educational mechanism in technical and industrial schools, and a workable social structure. This study will show first the branches in which Saxony`s industrialization has taken place, especially the iron/machine construction and the electronic and metal construction. It shows secondly which infrastructural conditions the Kingdom has been prepared for industrialization. A central element for the success of Saxony`s industrialization was the existence of qualified workers. With this, this study will analyze the importance of technical vocational schools for workers, urgently needed by the industry. Furthermore, private initiatives and association with experts have contributed to develop industrialization in the Kingdom of Saxony. Finally, this paper will discuss the ways that the Kingdom of Saxony contributed in the industrialization of the German Confederation. In short, this research offers a good look into industrialization in the Kingdom of Saxony.

농업 6차산업화 활성화를 위한 농지임대차제도 개선방안

김지석 ( Ji Seok Kim ) 한국법정책학회 2016 법과 정책연구 Vol.16 No.1

우리 농업은 농산물 시장 개방의 압력, 농촌인구의 고령화, 농가 소득의 감소, 이농으로 인한 농촌인구의 감소, 농지의 휴경화 현상 등 대내외적으로 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위한 방안 중 하나로서 농업 6차산업화가 부각되고 있다. 농업 6차산업화란 1차 산업인 농업과 2차 산업인 제조업, 그리고 3차 산업인 서비스업 등을 복합적으로 연계ㆍ제공함으로써 새로운 부가가치를 창출하고자 하는 정책을 의미한다. 농업 6차산업화는 농촌지역에서의 농산물 생산을 기반으로 하므로 농지의 이용을 전제로 한다. 농지를 확보하는 방법으로는 농지의 소유권을 취득하는 경우뿐만 아니라 이를 임차하는 경우도 생각할 수 있는데, 특히 농지임대차제도는 기존 휴경지를 생산적으로 이용할 수 있고, 개인의 농지뿐만 아니라 마을이나 단지 단위에서 대규모로 농지를 이용하는 경우에도 유용하게 활용할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 따라서 농업 6차산업화에 있어서 농지임대차제도 활용의 필요성은 향후 계속 증대될 것으로 보이며, 그 농지규모도 다양할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 현행 농지임대차제도는 장기적이고 안정적인 농지의 이용이 필요한 농업 6차산업화의 활성화를 위해서는 몇 가지 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 농지임대차제도의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 헌법과 농지법에서는 경자유전의 원칙하에 예외적으로 농지임대차를 인정하고 있는데, 정책적으로 농업인을 보호하고 지원하는 경자유전의 원칙을 실질적으로 실현한다는 측면에서 농지의 임대차에 의해 영농규모를 확대하고 이를 통해 농업 6차산업화에 의한 농업구조 개선을 이룰 필요가 있다. 또한 탈세의 방지와 함께 임차인 보호를 위하여 서면계약의 원칙이 강화되어야 할 것이며, 이를 위해 서면계약의 원칙을 위반한 경우에 그 처벌규정을 마련할 필요가 있다. 그리고 투입된 자본의 회수 및 안정적인 농업경영을 위하여 농지임대차의 존속기간은 적어도 5년까지 보장되는 것이 바람직하며, 농지 소유자가 농지를 매도하는 경우에 임차인에게 농지 취득의 우선권을 주는 것도 고려할 수 있을 것이다. Agriculture in Korea has been suffering from a number of internal and external difficulties including pressure demanding to open agricultural market, aging population in farming villages, reducing income of farmers, reducing population in farming villages due to rural exodus, and increasing idle farmland. 6th industrialization of agriculture has been emerging as one of the approaches to overcome difficulties in the farming villages in Korea. 6th industrialization of agriculture means the policy to create the new added value by the combination of agriculture as the primary industry, manufacturing industry as the secondary industry,and service industry as the tertiary industry. 6th industrialization of agriculture requires substantial investment for implementation of the relevant projects because cultivation, processing and sales of agricultural products will be done by farmers. Furthermore, it is characterized by the sustainability of those projects executed by farmers. Since 6th industrialization of agriculture is based on the cultivation of agricultural products in farming villages, it premises the usage of farmland. The approaches to secure farmland include the acquisition of ownership on farmland and lease of farmland. In particular, farmland lease can be effective because existing idle farmlands can be used for productive activity. Moreover, it can be useful for large scale farming by a village or agricultural complex as well as individual farmland. Accordingly, the necessity of farmland lease system will be expanded in the 6th industrialization of agriculture and the farmland dimension will vary on the necessities. However, several issues need to be solved related to the present farmland lease system for activation of the 6th industrialization of agriculture requiring the stable usage of farmland for a long time. This paper proposed the approach to improve the farmland lease system. It is required to expand the sizes of farms by farmland lease and then, improve the agricultural industry structure by the 6th industrialization of agriculture through expansion of farm sizes. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish the regulations to control the contracts which are not executed in writing. For stable farm management, it is recommended to secure the term of lease for at least 5 years. In addition, it will be a good way to give the priority to the lessees to purchase the farmlands when the owners of relevant farmlands want to sell their farmlands.