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Satoko Iwasawa,Tazuru Tsuboi,Makiko Nakano,Aya Hirata,Noriyuki Yoshioka,Satoko Suzuki,Shigeru Tanaka,Kazuyuki Omae 한국대기환경학회 2019 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.13 No.2
The island of Miyakejima in Japan is subject to ongoing emissions of volcanic gases, including high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Annual health checkups on the island, therefore, include the examination of respiratory system parameters. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SO2 exposure and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) concentration among children who received health checkups from 2008 to 2014. The subjects were 83 and 31 second-year junior high school students aged 13-14 years who resided on Miyakejima island and an SO2-free reference island, respectively. SO2 concentration in the air was measured at 6 fixed-point monitoring stations. FeNO was examined according to the American Thoracic Society guideline and European Respiratory Society recommendations for standardized procedures. Average concentrations of SO2 on Miyakejima over a period of 3 months prior to each health checkup from 2008 to 2014 were 22.2, 20.6, 8.9, 10.5, 10.7, 4.4 and 8.0 ppb, respectively. Among the Miyakejima students, geometric mean (GM) FeNO concentrations measured at each health checkup from 2008 to 2014 were 28.2, 18.2, 23.6, 35.5, 36.9, 28.1, and 32.1 ppb. The GM FeNO concentration measured from all Miyakejima students across the study period was 28.3 ppb. No clear dose-response relationship was observed. The GM FeNO concentration among the students from the reference island was 27.7 ppb in 2017. No significant difference was observed between the two populations, even when the data was stratified by sex and sensitivity. There was no clear significant difference in GM of FeNO concentration between Miyakejima and control students, when the average concentration of SO2 over a period of 3 months was 22 ppb or less.
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A SIGNATURE OF CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY IN BROWN DWARFS: A RECENT RESULT FROM NIRLT MISSION PROGRAM
Satoko Sorahana,Takeru K. Suzuki,ISSEI YAMAMURA 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1
We present the latest results from the Mission Program NIRLT (PI: I.Yamamura), the near-infrared spectroscopy of brown dwarfs using the AKARI/IRC grism mode with the spectral resolution of $\sim120$. The near-infrared spectra in the wavelength range between 2.5 and 5.0~$\mu$m are especially important to study the brown dwarf atmospheres because of the presence of major molecular bands, including CH$_4$ at 3.3~$\mu$m, CO$_2$ at 4.2~$\mu$m, CO at 4.6 ~$\mu$m, and H$_2$O around 2.7~$\mu$m. We observed 27 sources, and obtained 16 good spectra. Our model fitting reveals deviations between theoretical model and observed spectra in this wavelength range, which may be attributed to the physical condition of the upper atmosphere. The deviations indicate additional heating, which we hypothesize to be due to chromospheric activity. We test this effect by modifying the brown dwarf atmosphere model to artificially increase the temperature of the upper atmosphere, and compare the revised model with observed spectra of early- to mid-L type objects with H$\alpha$ emission. We find that the chemical structure of the atmosphere changes dramatically, and the heating model spectra of early-type brown dwarfs can be considerably improved to match the observed spectra. Our result suggests that chromospheric activity is essential to understand early-type brown dwarf atmospheres.
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MARKETING IN STEADY-STATE ECONOMY: EXPLORATORY CASE STUDY ON PIONEERING FIRMS
Satoko Suzuki,Akinori Iwamoto,Tomoko Kawakami 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7
economic growth and revenue / profit expansion, we will end up with overconsumption and wastes, bringing serious damage to our planet (Kotler, 2015). He advocated the transition from the growth-oriented economy to the steady-state economy. This research explores marketing in such steady-state economy. Researchers have put efforts in developing theories in related concepts such as social marketing (e.g., Kotler & Zaltman, 1971) and corporate social responsibility (CSR; see Peloza & Shang, 2011 for a review). Inoue and Kent (2014) developed a conceptual framework that explains antecedents and consequences of corporate social marketing. However, their research, as well as those on CSR, has not addressed marketing in steady-state economy. Thus, we attempt to fill this research gap by developing propositions. We conducted multiple case studies (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin 2014). Based on theoretical sampling, three firms were selected from different industries (food, alcohol, and furniture) with different technologies, located in different areas in Japan (Tokyo, Nagano, and Kagoshima). We collected primary and secondary data, and conducted interviews. In spite of the differences, the three firms run business similarly. First, they pursue a sustainable growth and not a rapid growth. Second, doing what is good for society is a part of their business goal and not CSR. Finally, they choose inefficiency than lowering the product quality.economy are developed: P1. Selling high quality products at profitable but reasonable price enhances firm’s credibility, which in turn improves the probability of firm’s long-term survival. P2. Limiting distribution channel allows firm to avoid price competition and set reasonable pricing, which in turn improves the probability of firm’s long-term survival. P3. Marketing mix of high quality product, reasonable pricing, and limited distribution channel generates positive word-of-mouth, allowing firm to save promotion costs. P4. Prosocial behavior in procurement increases the brand loyalty, which in turn improves the probability of firm’s long-term survival. P5. Portfolio of business-to-business and business-to-consumers businesses allows stable management and building strong brand. Further research is needed to develop these propositions into hypotheses and empirically test them with large samples. The authors hope that this research will be the first step for “steadiness-oriented marketing.”
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BICULTURAL BRAND PERSONALITY MODEL: A CASE OF JAPAN AND THE U.S.
Satoko Suzuki,Satoshi Akutsu,Mayomi Haga 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
This research was conducted to develop a brand personality model that could be used to measure and compare the brand personality of a same brand across cultures. The results suggest that for West (the U.S.) and East (Japan), the bicultural BPD have five distinct dimensions of Sincerity, Sophistication, Ruggedness, Excitement, and Peacefulness, represented by the 15 attributes (wholesome, warm, kind, upper-class, elegant, romantic, masculine, tough, rugged, trendy, exciting, imaginative, shy, na?ve, and childlike). The results show that many global brands have different brand personality perceptions across cultures. Only four (Levi’s, Nintendo DS, Shell, and Visa) out of 21 global brands had the same brand personality perceptions in two cultures. These results may be inconsistent with the definition of global brands—brands whose positioning, advertising strategy, personality, look, and feel are same or at least similar from one country to another. However, the results confirm the findings of Aaker et al. (2001) that brands have culturally specific meaning. The results also confirm the “the lure of global branding”—the goal of developing one strong global brand is often unrealistic (Aaker & Joachimsthaler, 1999). Still, in the business world, many companies are trying to globalize their own brands in order to enjoy the high economies of scale. Hence, it is important for the business managers to be able to measure the results of their global branding efforts. This research provides a tool, the bicultural brand personality model, the managers could use to measure their global brands in Western and Eastern cultures, and understand the similarity and differences across two cultures.
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Satoko Yamaguchi,Shunichi Yanai,Shotaro Nakamura,Keisuke Kawasaki,Makoto Eizuka,Noriyuki Uesugi,Tamotsu Sugai,Junji Umeno,Motohiro Esaki,Takayuki Matsumoto 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.3
Background/Aims: We recently identified recessive mutations in the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 gene (SLCO2A1) as causative variants of chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 (CEAS). The aim of this study was to evaluate SLCO2A1 protein expression in the intestinal tissues of patients with CEAS, intestinal Behçet’s disease (BD), simple ulcer (SU), and Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: Immunohistochemical staining using a polyclonal anti-SLCO2A1 antibody was performed on the resected intestinal specimens from 13 cases of CD, 9 cases of intestinal BD/SU, and 3 cases of CEAS. The extent of SLCO2A1 expression was determined by counting positively-staining vascular endothelial cells and scored as 0 (no cells), 1 (1%−30% cells), 2 (31%−60%), or 3 (>60%). The intensity of SLCO2A1 expression was scored either as 0 (negative), 1 (intermediate), or 2 (strong). The extent score and intensity score were summed for the final score of 0, 2, 3, 4, or 5. Results: SLCO2A1 protein expression was observed in 1 of 3 cases of CEAS (33%), all 13 cases of CD (100%), and all 9 cases of BD/SU (100%). The mean final expression scores of CEAS, CD, and BD/SU were 1.6 (range, 0−5), 4.8 (range, 4−5), and 4.3 (range, 4−5), respectively. The final expression score in CEAS was significantly lower than in CD (P=0.03). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical staining of the SLCO2A1 protein is considered useful to distinguish CEAS from other inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Satoko Sugie,Makoto Mitsugi 범태평양 응용언어학회 2014 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.18 No.2
The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) utilization in Chinese as a "second" foreign language has mainly been focused on Learning Management System (LMS), digital material development, and quantitative analysis of learners`` grammatical knowledge. There has been little research that has analyzed the effectiveness of cross-cultural distance learning by the mixed methods. In this study, Chinese classes were instructed with blended learning which has three phases such as classroom teaching, Web-Based Training, and Cross-Cultural Distance Learning. This practice was based on an instructional design and a motivational design. This study aimed to explore the outcome of learning and learners`` experiences with the mixed methods. A quantitative analysis shows that Japanese students have already had high motivation from the beginning, and that learners who are anxious about communication skills have gained confidence through the interaction practices. As a qualitative analysis result, learners failed to communicate with Chinese students and felt that they lacked vocabulary, but experienced the use of Chinese in authentic contexts through the synchronous face-to-face interaction. They also improved in aggressiveness and motivation for learning Chinese. They fixed words and sentences which were learned in the classroom in the process of talking to different partners. All participants enjoyed the rare chance of interaction between young native speakers, and formed a positive impression of them.
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