As corporate management enters the era of informatization or knowledge
management, patent quality, which is the fruit of R&D and technical
innovation, is an important element of corporate competitiveness in this
age of unbridled competition.
This ...
As corporate management enters the era of informatization or knowledge
management, patent quality, which is the fruit of R&D and technical
innovation, is an important element of corporate competitiveness in this
age of unbridled competition.
This study expands existing research models that represent the
relevance between patent stock and market values of an enterprise, which
has been examined in existing researches, with various patent-related
qualitative variables or patent quality indexes applied.
As for patent quality variables, Tobin q model was utilized to analyze the
following determinant factors of corporate market values: 1,389 U.S. patents
registered by 196 out of 1,211 enterprises listed in the KOSDAQ stock
market and 107,462 U.S. patents registered by 206 out of 775 enterprises
listed in the KOSPI market between 1996 and 2014; 108,851 patents in
total (observed value per year: 2,795) registered by 402 Korean companies to the U.S. Patent Office. The market values of companies
(Tobin Q), real assets, and R&D stock were analyzed in consideration of
the price fluctuation (GDP deflator) and depreciation rate of 15%
respectively. The depreciation rate was also applied to citation stock,
cited stock, patent stock, claim stock, patent family stock, and inventor
stock by means of the nonlinear least squares method.
Findings of this study are as below: First, as the weight of each factor
- R&D, patent, and patent family - was analyzed, it turned out that the
R&D stock/real asset, patent stock/real asset, and patent family stock/real
asset all had significant positive (+) effect on corporate market values. As
such factors were analyzed for each corporate group (total, KOSPI, market
value, net profit of the term), it turned out that the R&D stock/real asset
and patent stock/real asset had positive effect on corporate market values
although there was significant difference between them. Second, as the
Hall model was analyzed, it turned out that the R&D stock/asset, claim
stock/patent stock, and citation stock/patent stock had positive effect on
corporate market values. In addition, it turned out that the inventor
stock/patent stock as well had positive effect on corporate market values
although the level of significance was not high.
Hence, it is thought that corporate market values are significantly
affected by the two indexes of technical innovation activity - R&D
concentration and weight of patents. As the Hall model was analyzed for
each corporate group (total, KOSPI, market value, net profit of the
term), it turned out that as for the entire samples, the R&D stock/asset,
and claim stock/patent stock had significant effect on corporate market
values while the cited stock/patent stock, and patent family stock/patent
stock had significant negative (-) effect on corporate market values, which indicates the effect of patent stock on corporate market values is
not always positive.
Additionally, as the KOSPI corporate/year sampling group and the
upper-level sampling group of market values and net profits of the
term were analyzed, it turned out that not only the R&D stock/asset
and claim stock/patent stock but also the citation stock/patent stock
had positive effect on corporate market values, which indicates that
among firms listed on KOSPI and firms whose market values and net
profits of the term were high, the weight of citation stock increased
accordingly.
Finally, as the semi-elasticity analysis was conducted with independent
variables of the Hall model partially differentiated, it turned out that as
the rate of R&D stock/real asset increased as much as 1%, the
corporate market value increased as much as 0.65%. As the rate of
patent stock/R&D stock increased as much as 1%, the corporate market
value increased as much as 0.01%. As the rate of claim stock/patent
stock increased as much as 1%, the corporate market value increased
as much as 0.5%. As the rate of citation and cited stock, family stock,
inventor stock, and patent stock increased as much as 1% respectively,
the corporate market value increased as much as 0.4%, 0.01%, 0.2%,
and 0.6% respectively, which indicates the general increase.