Association of genetic variation in <i>FTO</i> with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes with data from 96,551 East and South Asians

Li, H.,Kilpelä,inen, T. O.,Liu, C.,Zhu, J.,Liu, Y.,Hu, C.,Yang, Z.,Zhang, W.,Bao, W.,Cha, S.,Wu, Y.,Yang, T.,Sekine, A.,Choi, B. Y.,Yajnik, C. S.,Zhou, D.,Takeuchi, F.,Yamamoto, K.,Chan, J. C.,Man Springer-Verlag 2012 Diabetologia Vol.55 No.4

<P><B>Aims/hypothesis</B></P><P><I>FTO</I> harbours the strongest known obesity-susceptibility locus in Europeans. While there is growing evidence for a role for <I>FTO</I> in obesity risk in Asians, its association with type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, remains inconsistent. To test whether there is an association of the <I>FTO</I> locus with obesity and type 2 diabetes, we conducted a meta-analysis of 32 populations including 96,551 East and South Asians.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>All studies published on the association between <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 (or proxy [<I>r</I><SUP>2</SUP> > 0.98]) and BMI, obesity or type 2 diabetes in East or South Asians were invited. Each study group analysed their data according to a standardised analysis plan. Association with type 2 diabetes was also adjusted for BMI. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool all effect sizes.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 minor allele increased risk of obesity by 1.25-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 9.0 × 10<SUP>−19</SUP>), overweight by 1.13-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 1.0 × 10<SUP>−11</SUP>) and type 2 diabetes by 1.15-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 5.5 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>). The association with type 2 diabetes was attenuated after adjustment for BMI (OR 1.10-fold/allele, <I>p</I> = 6.6 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>). The <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 minor allele increased BMI by 0.26 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> per allele (<I>p</I> = 2.8 × 10<SUP>−17</SUP>), WHR by 0.003/allele (<I>p</I> = 1.2 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>), and body fat percentage by 0.31%/allele (<I>p</I> = 0.0005). Associations were similar using dominant models. While the minor allele is less common in East Asians (12–20%) than South Asians (30–33%), the effect of <I>FTO</I> variation on obesity-related traits and type 2 diabetes was similar in the two populations.</P><P><B>Conclusions/interpretation</B></P><P><I>FTO</I> is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with effect sizes similar in East and South Asians and similar to those observed in Europeans. Furthermore, <I>FTO</I> is also associated with type 2 diabetes independently of BMI.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2370-7) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.</P>

Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances at the Strong Coupling Regime

Vä,kevä,inen, A. I.,Moerland, R. J.,Rekola, H. T.,Eskelinen, A.-P.,Martikainen, J.-P.,Kim, D.-H.,Tö,rmä,, P. American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.4

<P>We show strong coupling involving three different types of resonances in plasmonic nanoarrays: surface lattice resonances (SLRs), localized surface plasmon resonances on single nanoparticles, and excitations of organic dye molecules. The measured transmission spectra show splittings that depend on the molecule concentration. The results are analyzed using finite-difference time-domain simulations, a coupled-dipole approximation, coupled-modes models, and Fano theory. The delocalized nature of the collective SLR modes suggests that in the strong coupling regime molecules near distant nanoparticles are coherently coupled.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-4/nl4035219/production/images/medium/nl-2013-035219_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl4035219'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Optimal Link Allocation and Revenue Maximization

JyrkiJoutsensalo,TimoH?m?l?inen 한국통신학회 2002 Journal of communications and networks Vol.4 No.2

Revealing community structures by ensemble clustering using group diffusion

Ivannikova, Elena,Park, Hyunwoo,Hä,mä,lä,inen, Timo,Lee, Kichun Elsevier 2018 Information fusion Vol.42 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We propose an ensemble clustering approach using group diffusion to reveal community structures in data. We represent data points as a directed graph and assume each data point belong to single cluster membership instead of multiple memberships. The method is based on the concept of ensemble group diffusion with a parameter to represent diffusion depth in clustering. The ability to modulate the diffusion-depth parameter by varying it within a certain interval allows for more accurate construction of clusters. Depending on the value of the diffusion-depth parameter, the presented approach can determine very well both local clusters and global structure of data. At the same time, the ability to combine single outcomes of the method results in better cluster segmentation. Due to this property, the proposed method performs well on data sets where other conventional clustering methods fail. We test the method with both simulated and real-world data sets. The results support our theoretical conjectures on improved accuracy compared to other selected methods.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Robust clustering results by integrating views from individual diffusion scales. </LI> <LI> Regulating cluster sizes by an admitted group dependence level. </LI> <LI> Handling directed graphs. </LI> <LI> Flexibility in the tuning of the parameters. </LI> <LI> Adaptation to datasets with various underlying structure and density properties. </LI> </UL> </P>

Nintendo Wii Fit-Based Sleepiness Testing is Not Impaired by Contagious Sleepiness

Aino Tietäväinen,Maria Kuvaldina,Edward Hæggström 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.2

Sleep deprivation may cause accidents, and it has deteriorating effects on health. A measurement of postural steadiness by a portable and affordable Nintendo Wii Fit balance board can be used to quantify a person’s alertness. At work, people are under the influence of their environmentdoften other peopledthat may affect their alertness. This work investigates whether sleep deprivation among people is “contagious,” as quantified by sway measures. We measured 21 volunteers’ postural steadiness while alert and sleep deprived. During the measurements, a screen placed in front of the participants showed a footage of either alert or sleep-deprived faces. We found a significant difference between the day time and night time steadiness, but found no effect resulting from watching footage of sleep-deprived people. This finding shows that a posturographic sleepiness tester quantifies physiological sleep deprivation, and is insensitive to the influence of social factors.

March Forward to Hope: Dr. Yonggi Cho’s Pentecostal Theology of Hope

( Veli-matti Kärkkäinen ) 한세대학교 영산신학연구소 2008 Dr. Yonggi Chos ministry & theology Vol.2 No.-

Dukkha and Passio: A Christian Theology of Suffering in the (Theravada) Buddhist Context

( Veli-matti Kärkkäinen ) 한세대학교 영산신학연구소 2012 영산신학저널 Vol.25 No.-

This essay argues that a key common concern between Buddhist and Christian religions is the issue of suffering. This is because of the prominence of the issue of suffering in both the Buddhist and Christian vision of liberation and-salvation. Consequently, my contention is that a successful missionary encounter in any Buddhist environment requires a lot of careful attention to the meaning of suffering and the means of release from under its power. I will significantly limit the scope of my investigation. From the Buddhist side, I will concentrate not only on the Theravada branch but also on its manifestation in one of the main locations of Theravada in the contemporary world, Thailand. From the Christian side, I will focus on the resources of the Renewal Theology and Missiology through the lens of Pentecostal tradition. While I know well that the Renewal tradition is larger than that of Pentecostalism, I am also convinced that Pentecostal theology and missiology may serve as a representative. During the course of discussion I will further explain the rationale for other limitations, including the omission of the traditional theodicy question and of sociopolitical suffering/liberation. The essay consists of two parts: in the first part, I will attempt to discern the understanding of suffering in each religious tradition. In the second part, I compare and contrast the Buddhist and Christian visions of liberation with a view to proposing theological guidelines for a missionary encounter. I will finish with some tasks and themes for further reflection.

“Suffering ... Why Me?”: The Threefold Blessing and Manifold Sufferings in the Pentecostal Theology of Hope of Pastor David Yonggi Cho

( Veli-matti Kärkkäinen ) 한세대학교 영산신학연구소 2016 영산신학저널 Vol.37 No.-

This essay suggests that Pastor David Yonggi Cho’s Pentecostal theology of hope, based on an ingenious Korean contextualization of the classical Pentecostal fivefold gospel and threefold blessing, is a creative synthesis of faith-based, hope-filled attitude that appeals to God’s promises for health and well-being while struggling amidst the calamities of life. Having been born in the aftermath of the sufferings of the post-war Korea, this Pentecostal approach to struggles of life represents an alternative to what is known under the umbrella term Minjung-theology, an option for the more liberal side of the Korean Protestant Church. While fully eschatological in its orientation, Pastor David Yonggi Cho’s theology also endorses the this-wordly aspect of a holistic salvific vision, including spiritual, psychological, and physical restoration as well as divine assistance in family, finances, and social life. The essay argues that the many criticisms against the alleged prosperity gospel―type of faith proclaimed in the Yoido Full Gospel Church miss the target and do not adequately describe this contextual Pentecostal theology. Based on a careful analysis of Pastor’s key sermons and writings available in English and engaging some other Pentecostal and non-Pentecostal theologians, a constructive Pentecostal theology of suffering is attempted for the sake of the Korean and global Pentecostal movement.

Impact of Power Control Optimization on the System Performance of Relay Based LTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Networks

Ömer Bulakci,Simone Redana,Bernhard Raaf,Jyri Hämäläinen 한국통신학회 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.4

Decode-and-forward relaying is a promising enhance-ment to existing radio access networks and is already standard-ized in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) as a part of long term evolution (LTE)-Advanced Release 10. Two inband operation modes of relay nodes are supported, namely type 1 and type 1b. Relay nodes promise to offer considerable gain for system capac-ity or coverage, depending on the deployment prioritization, in a cost-efficient way. Yet, in order to fully exploit the benefits of relaying, the inter-cell interference which is increased due to the presence of relay nodes should be limited. Moreover, large differ-ences in the received power levels from different users should be avoided. The goal is to keep the receiver dynamic range low in or-der to retain the orthogonality of the single carrier-frequency di-vision multiple access system. In this paper, an evaluation of the relay based heterogeneous deployment within the LTE-Advanced uplink framework is carried out by applying the standardized LTE Release 8 power control scheme both at evolved node B and relay nodes. In order to enhance the overall system performance, differ-ent power control optimization strategies are proposed for 3GPP urban and suburban scenarios. A comparison between type 1 and type 1b relay nodes is as well presented to study the effect of the relaying overhead on the system performance in inband relay de-ployments. Comprehensive system level simulations show that the power control is a crucial means to increase the cell edge and sys-tem capacities, to mitigate inter-cell interference and to adjust the receiver dynamic range for both relay node types.

The behaviour of a new type of connection system for light-weight steel structures applied to roof trusses

Olli Kaitila,Jyrki Kesti,Pentti Mäkeläinen 국제구조공학회 2001 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.1 No.1

The Rosette-joining system is a completely new press-joining method for cold-formed steel structures. One Rosette-joint has a shear capacity equal to that of approximately four screws or rivets. The Rosette thin-walled steel truss system presents a new fully integrated prefabricated alternative to light-weight roof truss structures. The trusses are built up on special industrial production lines from modified top hat sections used as top and bottom chords and channel sections used as webs which are joined together with the Rosette press-joining technique to form a completed structure easy to transport and install. A single web section is used when sufficient but can be strengthened by double-nesting two separate sections or by using two lateral profiles where greater compressive axial forces are met. An individual joint in the truss can be strengthened by introducing a hollow bolt into the joint hole. The bolt gives the connection capacity a boost of approximately 20%. A series of laboratory tests have been carried out in order to verify the Rosette truss system in practice. In addition to compression tests on individual sections of different lengths, tests have also been done on small structural assemblies and on actual full-scale trusses of a span of 10 metres. Design calculations have been performed on selected roof truss geometries based on the test results, FE-analysis and on the Eurocode 3 and U.S.(AISI) design codes.