Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and risk of gonadal malignancy: systematic review

Barros Beatriz Amstalden,Oliveira Letícia Ribeiro de,Surur Cíntia Regina Crocetti,Barros-Filho Antonio de Azevedo,Maciel-Guerra Andrea Trevas,Guerra-Junior Gil 대한소아내분비학회 2021 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.26 No.1

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is a rare condition characterized by 46,XY karyotype, female external genitalia, absence of uterus, and testes located intra-abdominally, in the inguinal ring or in the labia majora. In the present study, the frequency of testicular malignancy in prepubertal and pubertal patients with CAIS who underwent gonadectomy or gonadal biopsy were evaluated. Systematic review was performed using electronic databases according to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. The samples included 15 articles published between 1998 and 2019. From a total of 456 patients who underwent gonadectomy or gonadal biopsy, 6.14% had a premalignant lesion and most were postpubertal (82.14%). A malignant lesion was found in 1.3% and all were postpubertal. Because the risk of malignancy is very low in prepubertal patients with CAIS, gonadectomy may be delayed until puberty is complete, allowing it to progress naturally; however, close follow-up of the patient is required.

The Principle of Facticity: Outline for a Theory of Evidence in Arbitration

de Barros, Octavio Fragata Martins The Korean Association of Arbitration Studies 2013 중재연구 Vol.23 No.4

International Arbitration has distinguished itself as a method for dispute resolution that pleases both common and civil law practitioners. It, however, is not free of criticism, especially when fact-finding and evidentiary issues are at play. Perhaps because fact-finding is very closely linked to the culture in which they lie, perhaps because of the lack of a clear evidentiary rules governing international arbitration, a theory of evidence in international arbitration is still far fetched. Through the analysis of the distinctions between dispute resolution systems and the search for truth paradigm, this paper aims to develop and present an outline for the development of a theory of evidence in international arbitration.

Aqueous extract of fresh leaves from Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze: chemical evaluation and antimycobacterial and anticandidal activities

de Araújo Amanda Dias,de Barros Pimentel Maria do Carmo,Santos Camila da Silva,da Silva Roberto Afonso,Cadena Pabyton Gonçalves,da Silva Nicácio Henrique,Gusmão Norma Buarque,Sleifer Bruno Alonso,da S 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2021 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.21 No.4

The focus of this study was to evaluate the presence and type of carbohydrates and phenolic molecules inaqueous extract (Aq-E) of Alternanthera brasiliana fresh leaves and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity in vitro. The amount and types of the carbohydrates were measured by colorimetric and TLC methods. Phenolic compounds was detected by colorimetric assay and analysed by HPLC profiles. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS and Phosphomolybdenum methods. Antimicrobial activity was tested by microdilution method using microorganism models and antibiotic as positive control, the cytotoxicity in vitro was tested using Artemia salina. The results showed the presence of high amount of total sugars and uronic acids. TLC chromatograms showed mainly D-glucose, D-fructose, oligosaccharides and uronic acids in the Aq-E and a sugar alcohol in the methanolic extract. The colorimetric determination showed high concentration of phenolic compounds, which were visualised on the HPLC profiles, such as chemical markers of the Amaranthaceae family and several phenolic acids and flavonoids. The Aq-E demonstrated optimal antioxidant activities. The most important results were the excellent antibacterial and bactericidal activities against Mycobacterium megmatis (MIC = 15.6 µg/mL and MBC = 1000 µg/mL) and antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans (MIC = 31.2 µg/mL) and low cytotoxicity. Further possibilities for this plant extract will be to improve the pharmacological potential for developing new herbal medicines and possibly to study its association to allopathic antibiotics for prevention or treatment of infection diseases.

Masking Level Difference: Performance of School Children Aged 7–12 Years

de Carvalho Nádia Giulian,Amaral Maria Isabel Ramos do,de Barros Vinicius Zuffo,Santos Maria Francisca Colella dos 대한청각학회 2021 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.25 No.2

Background and Objectives: In masking level difference (MLD), the masked detection threshold for a signal is determined as a function of the relative interaural differences between the signal and the masker. Study 1 analyzed the results of school-aged children with good school performance in the MLD test, and study 2 compared their results with those of a group of children with poor academic performance.Subjects and Methods: Study 1 was conducted with 47 school-aged children with good academic performance (GI) and study 2 was carried out with 32 school-aged children with poor academic performance (GII). The inclusion criteria adopted for both studies were hearing thresholds within normal limits in basic audiological evaluation. Study 1 also considered normal performance in the central auditory processing test battery and absence of auditory complaints and/or of attention, language or speech issues. The MLD test was administered with a pure pulsatile tone of 500 Hz, in a binaural mode and intensity of 50 dBSL, using a CD player and audiometer.Results: In study 1, no significant correlation was observed, considering the influence of the variables age and sex in relation to the results obtained in homophase (SoNo), antiphase (SπNo) and MLD threshold conditions. The final mean MLD threshold was 13.66 dB. In study 2, the variables did not influence the test performance either. There was a significant difference between test results in SπNo conditions of the two groups, while no differences were found both in SoNo conditions and the final result of MLD.Conclusions: In study 1, the cut-off criterion of school-aged children in the MLD test was 9.3 dB. The variables (sex and age) did not interfere with the MLD results. In study 2, school performance did not differ in the MLD results. GII group showed inferior results than GI group, only in SπNo condition.

Biochemical Characterization of Esterase from Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Márcio de Barros,Gabriela Alves Macedo 한국식품과학회 2011 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.20 No.5

Esterases are enzymes that present good potential in industrial application, and soybean seed can represent an alternative source for this enzyme. The extraction and esterase activity of Brazilian soybean seeds (Glycine max L.) were evaluated. Esterase activity was found in both the germinated and non-germinated seeds at 2.90 and 1.70 U/mg, respectively, with a concentration in the powdered extract (freeze dried) of 100 mg/mL. The enzyme showed a preference for the hydrolysis of short chain fatty acids (120.02 U/mL) and optimum pH for activity was pH 8.0 with optimum temperatures of 40 and 80ºC. The enzyme showed stability at 70ºC showing 60%of residual activity and activity increased with the addition of the following salts: NaNO_3, K_2SO_4, and Na_2SO_4 in the reaction medium.

Repetitive Somatic Embryogenesis in Cacao and Optimisation of Gene Expression by Particle Bombardment

Marcelo de Oliveira, Santos,Albuquerque de Barros, Erika Valeria Saliba,Penha Tinoco, Maria Laine,Miranda Brasileiro, Ana Cristina,Lima Aragao, Francisco Jose The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.4 No.2

In order to achieve repetitive somatic embryogenesis in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), callus derived from floral tissues were continuously cultured in a medium containing 2,4-D. In 5% of the explants, repetitive somatic embryogenesis was observed after 8 weeks and maintained in a globular stage for several weeks. This is the first report showing repetitive somatic embryogenesis in cacao. The calli were bombarded with a plasmid containing $\beta$-glucuronidase (gus) as reporter gene. Two week old calli showed the high average number of cells expressing the us gene. The effect of osmotic agents (mannitol, sorbitol and sucrose) on gene expression was evaluated. Pre-treatment during 16 h with 0.25 M mannitol revealed an improvement in gene expression. The potential utilization of the repetitive embryogenesis, combined with osmotic treatment, is discussed as an alternative to achieve stable transgenic cacao plants.

Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Colitis in Mice by Suppressing Key Pro-inflammatory Cytokines

( Francisca Adilfa De Oliveira Garcia ),( Helioswilton Sales-campos ),( Violet G. Yuen ),( Juliana Reis Machado ),( Glauce Socorro De Barros Viana ),( Carlo José Freire Oliveira ),( John H. Mcneill ) 대한소화기학회 2020 대한소화기학회지 Vol.76 No.3

Background/Aims: Therapies aimed at modulating cytokines have been used to treat inflammatory illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease. On the other hand, patients may become intolerant, refractory, or present with several side effects. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (SPI) is a blue-green microalga with bioactive molecules that have been evaluated to treat inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, few studies have examined their effects on the production of specific cytokines and the intestinal architecture in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Therefore, this study examined the effects of a treatment using SPI in a murine model of intestinal inflammation. Methods: All mice (C57BL/6 male) were evaluated daily for their food and water intake, bodyweight variations, and clinical signs of disease. Colon inflammation was induced by exposure to DSS for 6 consecutive days. SPI was given orally at 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg/day. ELISA was performed to assess the production of cytokines. Myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide were also investigated. The level of microscopic damage was assessed by staining colon sections with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: SPI attenuated the DSS-induced inflammation, with improvements in the clinical signs and a decrease in the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ. In addition, particularly at 250 mg/kg, SPI attenuated the severity of colitis by modulating the level of mucosal and submucosal cell infiltration, which preserved the epithelial barrier. Conclusions: SPI may be an alternative source of bioactive molecules with immunomodulatory properties, and has great potential to be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2020;76:150-158)

Investigation of the Influence of the Mineralogy on the Abrasive Wear of Some Granitic Rocks

( Maria Heloisa Barros De Oliveira Frasca ),( Eduardo Brandau Quitete ),( Fabiano Cabanas Navarro ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Rock abrasiveness, usually referred as the wear or loss of material which the rock produces on contact with another material such as TBM cutter or drill bit (ASTM D7625), may be extended to the cutting by the tools used in mining and processing of natural stone or even to the abrasive wear of floors or pavements by pedestrian or vehicles traffic. It is related to the rock type and the equipment or solicitation in use. The abrasiveness of granitic rocks, due to their higher hardness and heterogeneous mineralogy and structure, is in general difficult to predict and thus may cause delays or complications to drilling or cutting. In order to contribute to the forecasting of granitic rocks wear it was carried out a petrographic study accompanied by the determination of Knoop hardness and an abrasive wear laboratory test (Amsler) aiming at investigating the influence of the mineralogy on the abrasive wear this rock type. Granitic rocks (containing 0 % to 35 % of quartz, including granites, monzonites, gneiss and others) from Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were selected for this study. The results indicated that the Knoop hardness and the Amsler abrasive wear tend towards an inverse proportionality, or as higher is the hardness, lower is the wear. The Knoop hardness, particularly the average value, tends to higher values as the quartz and the equivalent quartz content increases. Relatively to the grain size, it was observed a tendency to the increase of hardness with the lower size of the quartz grains.

Characterization of Open-Pollinated Maize Varieties from Rio Grande do Sul State

Lílian Moreira Barros,Daiane Prochnow,Victoria Freitas de Oliveira,Airton Rosa da Silva,Antonio Costa de Oliveira,Luciano Carlos da Maia 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

The morphological characterization allows one to estimate and evaluate the genetic distance among different varieties, identifying heterotrophic groups by means of clustering methods. The objectives of the study were to characterize improved open-pollinated varieties (VPAs) and maize landraces based on the main quantitative agronomic traits and to estimate the variability and similarity between them. Sixteen maize varieties from the southern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance. For the characterization, the Tukey averages comparison test was performed. The similarity among the varieties was tested using the Tocher optimization method. The differences detected indicate the presence of genetic variability among the studied varieties. According to the Tocher grouping, it was found that some populations have the potential to be selected as parents in breeding programs, maximizing the variability obtained from their crosses. For certain traits, maize landraces do not differ from improved varieties and show high similarity.

Cytogenotoxic study of aqueous fruit extract of Morinda citrifolia in Wistar albino rats

Germano Pinho de Moraes,Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros de Alencar,Lidiane da Silva Araújo,Débora Cássia Vieira Gomes,Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz,Muhammad Torequl Islam,Ana Amélia de Carvalho M 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.3

The use of herbal products and/or their derivatives as an alternative or complementary medicine becomes globally popular. To date, various biological activities have been reported in Morinda citrifolia Linn, especially antioxidants, antimicrobial, anti-infammatory and antitumor efects. This study aimed to investigate the genotoxicity and DNA repair capacity of the aqueous fruit extract of M. citrifolia (AEMC). Additionally, we checked the mutagenic capacity of AEMC by the comet assay and micronucleus tests in rats. For this, rats (n=10; 5 males and 5 females) were divided into fve groups as: negative control (distilled water); positive control (25 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, i.p.); and three groups for AEMC (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.). The results suggest that, the AEMC induced genotoxicity in white blood cells, but a DNA repair capacity was also observed after 72 h of AEMC exposure. AEMC also showed cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in liver and kidney cells of rats at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses. In conclusion, AEMC exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity along with a time-dependent DNA repair capacity in rats. Further studies are necessary regarding the safe use of this medicinal plant for human consumption.