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Khan, M.Zaheer,Zaheer, Maria,Fatima, Farina The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2003 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.7 No.2
The present studies investigate the induced effects of two pesticides lambda cyhalothrin (pyrethroid) and monocrotophos (organophosphate) on Rana cyanophlyctis (common skittering frog). Two different concentrations i.e. 0.1 and 1% were used and cholinesterase activity was observed in liver, kidney and brain of these frogs. It was decreased upto 34.6 and 46.3% in liver, 25.08 and 57.1% in kidney and 31.64 and 50.7% in brain under the effect of lambda cyhalothrin. In the case of monocrotophos treatment, cholinesterase decreased upto 37.7 and 57.7% in liver,57.5 and 67.5% in kidney and 47.6 and 65.9% in brain, respectively.
Non-achalasia esophageal motility disorders: Role of per-oral endoscopic myotomy
Zaheer Nabi,Duvuur Nageshwar Reddy 소화기인터벤션의학회 2020 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.9 No.2
Major disorders of esophageal peristalsis other than achalasia include Jackhammer esophagus (JHE), distal esophageal spasm (DES), and esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO). These disorders are rare, distinct from achalasia and characterized by high resolution manometry. Unlike achalasia, the treatment strategies are not well defined in these disorders. Therapies directed at lower esophageal sphincter may be inadequate in JHE and DES as a variable length of esophageal body is also involved in symptom generation. On the other hand, EGJOO is a more heterogenous group and the decision for endoscopic treatment is based on comprehensive evaluation of the underlying etiology. A subset of patients with EGJOO without significant stasis may improve on conservative treatment. Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a newer endoscopic treatment modality that has established its role in the management of achalasia. Limited studies suggest the efficacy of POEM in non-achalasia esophageal motility disorders as well. The ability to perform long esophageal myotomies with POEM makes it an attractive management tool for these patients.
Endoscopic Management of Pancreatic Fluid Collections in Children
( Zaheer Nabi ),( Rupjyoti Talukdar ),( D. Nageshwar Reddy ) 대한간학회 2017 Gut and Liver Vol.11 No.4
The incidence of acute pancreatitis in children has increased over the last few decades. The development of pancreatic fluid collection is not uncommon after severe acute pancreatitis, although its natural course in children and adolescents is poorly understood. Asymptomatic fluid collections can be safely observed without any intervention. However, the presence of clinically significant symptoms warrants the drainage of these fluid collections. Endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collection is safe and effective in adults. The use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided procedure has improved the efficacy and safety of drainage of pancreatic fluid collections, which have not been well studied in pediatric populations, barring a scant volume of small case series. Excellent results of EUS-guided drainage in adult patients also need to be verified in children and adolescents. Endoprostheses used to drain pancreatic fluid collections include plastic and metal stents. Metal stents have wider lumens and become clogged less often than plastic stents. Fully covered metal stents specifically designed for pancreatic fluid collection are available, and initial studies have shown encouraging results in adult patients. The future of endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collection in children appears promising. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required to establish their definitive role in the pediatric age group. (Gut Liver 2017;11:474-480)
Zaheer Nabi,Rupjyoti Talukdar,Sundeep Lakhtakia,D. Nageshwar Reddy 대한소아소화기영양학회 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.3
Purpose: Endoscopic drainage is an established treatment modality for adult patients with pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). Available data regarding the efficacy and safety of endoscopic drainage in pediatric patients are limited. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to analyze the outcomes of endoscopic drainage in children with PFCs. Methods: A literature search was performed in Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies on the outcomes of endoscopic drainage with or without endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guidance in pediatric patients with PFCs from inception to May 2021. The study’s primary objective was clinical success, defined as resolution of PFCs. The secondary outcomes included technical success, adverse events, and recurrence rates. Results: Fourteen studies (187 children, 70.3% male) were included in this review. The subtypes of fluid collection included pseudocysts (60.3%) and walled-off necrosis (39.7%). The pooled technical success rates in studies where drainage of PFCs were performed with and without EUS guidance were 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.6–98%; I2=0) and 93.9% (95% CI, 82.6–98%; I2=0), respectively. The pooled clinical success after one and two endoscopic interventions were 88.7% (95% CI, 82.7–92.9%; I2=0) and 92.3% (95% CI, 87.4–95.4%; I2=0), respectively. The pooled rate of major adverse events was 6.3% (95% CI, 3.3–11.4%; I2=0). The pooled rate of recurrent PFCs after endoscopic drainage was 10.4% (95% CI, 6.1–17.1%; I2=0). Conclusion: Endoscopic drainage is safe and effective in children with PFCs. However, future studies are required to compare endoscopic and EUS-guided drainage of PFCs in children.
Effect of Particulate Matter on Human Health, Prevention, and Imaging Using PET or SPECT
Zaheer, Javeria,Jeon, Jongho,Lee, Seung-Bok,Kim, Jin Su Korean Society of Medical Physics 2018 의학물리 Vol.29 No.3
Particulate matter (PM) in dust causes serious pathological conditions, and it has been considered a critical health issue for many years. Respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, asthma, and chronic inflammation, are the most common illnesses due to PM that appears as dust. There is evidence that cardiovascular and neurological abnormalities are caused by PM. Although an extensive amount of work has been conducted on this topic, including studies on the nature of the particles, particle size measurements, particle distribution upon inhalation, the health effects of fine particles, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, to this date, there is still a considerable lack of knowledge in these areas. Therefore, the identification of the key components that cause diseases owing to PM, and the specific diagnoses of the diseases, is important. This review will explore the current literature on the origin and nature of PM and their effects on human health. In addition, it will also highlight the approaches that have been adopted in order to diagnose the effects of PM using positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT).
Endoscopic management of Combined Biliary and Duodenal Obstruction
Zaheer Nabi,D. Nageshwar Reddy 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.1
Combined obstruction of the bile duct and duodenum is a common occurrence in periampullary malignancies. The obstruction ofgastric outlet or duodenum can follow, occur simultaneously, or precede biliary obstruction. The prognosis in patients with combinedobstruction is particularly poor. Therefore, minimally invasive palliation is preferred in these patients to avoid morbidity associatedwith surgery. Endoscopic palliation is preferred to surgical bypass due to similar efficacy, less morbidity, and shorter hospital stay. The success of endoscopic palliation depends on the type of bilioduodenal stenosis and the presence of previously placed duodenalmetal stents. Biliary cannulation is diffcult in type II bilioduodenal strictures where the duodenal stenosis is located at the level ofthe papilla. Consequentially, technical and clinical success is lower in these patients than in those with type I and III bilioduodenalstrictures. However, in cases with failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with the introduction of endoscopicultrasound for biliary drainage, the success of endoscopic bilioduodenal bypass is likely to increase further. The safety and effcacy ofendoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage has been documented in multiple studies. With the development of dedicated accessories andstandardization of drainage techniques, the role of endoscopic ultrasound is likely to expand further in cases with double obstruction.
Submucosal endoscopy: the present and future
Zaheer Nabi,Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.1
Submucosal endoscopy or third-space endoscopy utilizes the potential space between the mucosal and muscularis layers of the gastrointestinaltract to execute therapeutic interventions for various diseases. Over the last decade, endoscopic access to the submucosalspace has revolutionized the field of therapeutic endoscopy. Submucosal endoscopy was originally used to perform endoscopic myotomyin patients with achalasia cardia, and its use has grown exponentially since. Currently, submucosal endoscopy is widely used to resectsubepithelial tumors and to manage refractory gastroparesis and Zenker’s diverticulum. While the utility of submucosal endoscopyhas stood the test of time in esophageal motility disorders and subepithelial tumors, its durability remains to be established in conditionssuch as Zenker’s diverticulum and refractory gastroparesis. Other emerging indications for submucosal endoscopy include esophagealepiphrenic diverticulum, Hirschsprung’s disease, and esophageal strictures not amenable to conventional endoscopic treatment. The potential of submucosal endoscopy to provide easy and safe access to the mediastinum and peritoneal spaces may open doors tonovel indications and rejuvenate the interest of endoscopists in natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in the future. This reviewfocuses on the current spectrum, recent updates, and future direction of submucosal endoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract.