소 c-KIT Receptor 유전자의 다형성에 관한 연구

장요순,김태헌,윤두학,박응우,이혜원,이학교,정일정 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.6

소의 흰 반점 관련 후보유전자로 c-KIT receptor 유전자를 선정하여, c-KIT receptor 유전자내의 변이를 탐색하고 변이가 흰반점 표현형과 연관성이 있는지를 분석하였다. 한우, Angus, Brown Swiss, Charolais, Hereford, Holstein, Limousin 및 Simmental 등 8개 품종의 DNA 시료를 사용하여 c-KIT receptor 유전자의 intron 6번 영역에서 다형성을 조사하고 분석하였다. c-KIT receptor 유전자의 intron 6번 영역에서는 4개의 염기치환이 발견되어, MspⅠ, BsrBⅠ 및 NdeⅠ 제한효소를 이용하여 PCR-RFLP 분석을 실시하였다. Intron 6번을 포함하는 영역의 PCR 산물 크기는 2,440 bp 이었다. MspⅠ다형성은 PCR-RFLP 분석 결과 3개의 대립유전자가 존재하였으며, 한우품종에서는 3개의 대립유전자 모두가 발견되었고, CC 형태이 유전자형을 제외한 5개의 유전자형 (AA, AB, AC, BC 및 BB)을 확인하였다. Angus, Brown Swiss, Hereford, Holstein 및 Simmental 품종에서는 A 대립유전자만을 갖는 것으로 조사되었고, 한우는 44%만 AA 유전자형을 나타내었다. BsrBⅠ 다형성은 2개의 대립유전자로서 3개의 유전자형이 나타나는 것을 확인하였으며, Charolais 및 Hereford 품종이 다른 소 품종에 비하여 A 대립유전자의 빈도가 높게 나타났다. NdeⅠ 다형성을 분석한 결과 Brown Swiss 품종에서는 NdeⅠ에 의해 절단되는 형태인 A 대립유전자만 관찰되었으며, Holstein 품종은 92%, Simmental 품종은 72%가 절단되는 형태를 나타내어, 모색이 흰색을 띠는 소 품종에서 절단되는 형태가 많았다. 소 c-KIT receptor 유전자의 intron 6번 영역에서 확인된 4개의 염기치환은 품종에 따라 다른 빈도를 보였으나, 이들 염기치환과 흰 반점과의 연관성에 대한 증거는 발견하지 못하였다. 그러므로 소의 흰 반점과 c-KIT receptor 유전자 내의 변이와의 관련성은 다른 영역에 대한 추가적인 분석과, 이미 보고된 다른 모색관련 유전자의 다형성과의 연관성 분석 등과 같은 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. We considered KIT gene as a candidate gene for the white-spotting pattern in cattle. This study was carried out to detect genetic variation of c-KIT receptor gene and to investigate association between the mutation and the white-spotting pattern in cattle. PCR-RFLP analysis within intron 6 of c-KIT receptor gene were performed with 8 cattle breeds including Hanwoo, Angus, Brown Swiss, Charolais, Hereford, Holstein, Limousin and Simmental. When PCR product of approximately 2,440 bp including intron 6 of c-KIT receptor gene was sequenced, four nucleotide substitutions were found within intron 6 of the bovine c-KIT receptor gene. In PCR-RFLP analysis, three alleles (A, B and C), two alleles (A and B) and two alleles (A and B) at each locus were identified by Msp Ⅰ, BsrBⅠ and NdeⅠ, respectively. Although frequencies of allele at each locus were different among cattle breeds, we could not get any evidence related with white or white spotting phenotypes in these mutations on intron 6 of c-KIT receptor gene. However, we can not entirely exclude the possibility that c-KIT receptor gene is responsible for white spotting phenotype in cattle. Thus, further studies need to detect other mutations in c-KIT receptor gene and to test association of those mutations and coat color phenotypes in cattle.

한국산 겨우살이 렉틴(KML-C)에 대한 단일크론항체의 생산과 특징

윤택준(T. J. Yoon),유영춘(Y. C. Yoo),강태봉(T. B. Kang),김성훈(S-H Kim),김갑수(K. S. Kim),김종배(J. B. Kim) 대한약학회 2001 약학회지 Vol.45 No.2

We have reported that water-extracted Korean mistletoe(KM-110) had various biological activities such as antitumor and immunomodulatory activity and the lectin fraction(KML-C) of the extract was one of the major factors related to its biological functions. In this paper, we produced murine monoclonal antibody(mAb) against KML-C. The mAbs obtained were largely classified into two groups according to specificity to KML-C and ML-I, a lectin from European mistletoe. One group mABs(9H7-D10 and 3C2-1H4) strongly reacted with KML-C, but not ML-I. In contrast, another group mAbs(8B11-2C5, 8E12-3E9 and 5E10-F1) reacted with both KML-C and ML-1. The subisotypes of these mAbs were shown to be IgG1(9H7-1D10, 3C2-1H4 and 8B11-2C5) or IgM(8E12-3E9 and 5E10-F1). To develop an assay system for determination of the amonunt of KML-C, we established the sandwich ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method using these mAbs and horse radish peroxidase(HRP) labelled mAbs.In various combinations of the mAbs for coated antibody and detection antibody, the sandwich ELISA quantitatively detected KML-C,showing the detection limit ranging from 7-5,000ng/ml. Especially, reproducibility(C.V.) of the sandwich ELISA, in which 8E12-3E9 was used for coating antibody and 8B11-2C5-HRP for detection antibody, was 4.59-5.83 in intra assay, and 3.9-9.4 in inter assay.

C language를 위한 Concurrent Programming 환경의 개발

윤용익(Y I Yoon),조주현(J H Cho),정영조(Y C Chung),강석열(S Y. Kang) 한국정보과학회 1988 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.15 No.1

Multiprocessor system이 널리 보급되고 사용됨에 따라 concurrent programming은 더욱 더 중요한 feature가 되어가고 있다. 기존의 C 언어는 concurrent programming을 위한 feature들을 가지고 있지 못하나, 본 논문에서는 concurrent processing이 가능한 Concurrent-C 언어를 설계, 구현하였다. Concurrent feature들을 첨가하는 방법으로는 여러 종류의 runtime library routine들을 제공하여 C program 내에서 이 routine들을 call하는 방식을 사용하였다. Concurrent-C는 UNIX 환경하에서 구현되었으며, 실제로 C compiler를 제공하는 어떠한 OS 상에서도 host machine의 종류에 관계없이 구현될 수 있다.

The Role of c-FLIP in Cisplatin Resistance of Human Bladder Cancer Cells

Lee, S.,Yoon, C.Y.,Byun, S.S.,Lee, E.,Lee, S.E. Williams and Wilkins Co 2013 The Journal of urology Vol.189 No.6

Purpose: We investigated the mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in human bladder cancer cells to provide novel molecular targets for the treatment of cisplatin resistant bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: The differential gene expression of cisplatin sensitive (T24) and resistant (T24R2) human bladder cancer cell lines was analyzed and validated by microarray and Western blot analysis. Changes in cisplatin sensitivity by c-FLIP knockdown and related mechanisms in T24R2 cells were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Gaithersburg, Maryland) and Western blot. siRNA oligonucleotides that specifically target c-FLIP were prepared and siRNA transfection was done. Results: Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of 1,086 and 322 genes showed more than twofold and fourfold changes in the T24R2 and T24 cell lines, respectively. Especially genes involved in the c-FLIP related death receptor apoptosis pathway, including caspase 2 and 9, NF-kB, BID, c-FLIP, XIAP, and cIAP1 and 2, showed differential expression in the 2 cell lines. Western blot demonstrated complete cisplatin mediated suppression of c-FLIP expression in T24 cells but no change in c-FLIP expression was observed in T24R2 cells after cisplatin treatment in the same dose range. Suppression of c-FLIP expression in T24R2 cells by siRNA transfection rendered these cells significantly more sensitive to cisplatin treatment than untransfected T24R2 cells (p <0.05). Conclusions: Results reveal that c-FLIP has an important role in the cisplatin resistance of human bladder cancer cells and c-FLIP modulation may at least partially reverse cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer cells.

Hepatoprotective effect of vitamin C on lithocholic acid-induced cholestatic liver injury in Gulo(-/-) mice

Yu, S.J.,Bae, S.,Kang, J.S.,Yoon, J.H.,Cho, E.J.,Lee, J.H.,Kim, Y.J.,Lee, W.J.,Kim, C.Y.,Lee, H.S. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.762 No.-

<P>Prevention and restoration of hepatic fibrosis from chronic liver injury is essential for the treatment of patients with chronic liver diseases. Vitamin C is known to have hepatoprotective effects, but their underlying mechanisms are unclear, especially those associated with hepatic fibrosis. Here, we analyzed the impact of vitamin Con bile acid induced hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro and lithocholic acid (LCA) induced liver injury in vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(-/-) mice, which cannot synthesize vitamin C similarly to humans. When Huh BAT cells were treated with bile acid, apoptosis was induced by endoplasmic retiiculum stress related JNK activation but vitamin C attenuated bile acid induced hepatocyte apoprosis in vitro. In our in vivo experiments. LCA feeding increased plasma marker of cholestasis and resulted in more extensive liver damage and hepatic fibrosis by more prominent apoptotic cell death and recruiting more intrahepatic inflammatory CD11b(+) cells in the liver of vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(-/-) mice compared to wild type mice which have minimal hepatic fibrosis. However, when vitamin C was supplemented to vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(-/-) mice, hepatic fibrosis was significantly attenuated in the liver of vitamin C-sufficient Gulo(-/-) mice like in wild type mice and this hepatoprotective effect of vitamin C was thought to be associated with both decreased hepatic apoptosis and necrosis. These results suggested that vitamin C had hepatoprotective effect against cholestatic liver injury. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Analysis of Plasma Free Fatty Acid Cyanomethyl Derivatives by GC-NPD for the Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders

Yoon, H. R.,Paik, M. J.,Shin, H. S.,Yu, C.,P.Rinaldo 공주대학교 자원재활용신소재지역협력센터 2000 2차년도 센터 사업 성과집 Vol.2000 No.1

Early diagnosis of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders is important to reduce severe morbidity and mortality. Although analysis of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) is frequently performed using stable isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), there are institutions where the required instrumentation is not available to support a rapid work-up of acutely ill patients. For this reason, we have developed a novel cyanomethyl derivatization method for FFAs which is followed by GC analysis of the resulting esters using nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) for the rapid diagnosis of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders. FFAs were extracted from plasma and derivatized to the cyanomethyl ester by heating with bromoacetonitrile at 60℃ for 30 min GC-NPD analysis was then performed. The mean recoveries of C6:0-C18:0 FFAs were between 87% abd 96%. The method detection limits (S/N = 3) were 0.1 - 0.5ng for C6:0-C14:0 FFAs, and 0.001 - 0.01ng for C16:0-C18:0 FFAs. We succesfully performed differential diagnosis of representative FAO disorders from the confirmed patient's plasmas. This simple method offers cost-effective and time-saving alternative to GC-MS for the biochemical diagnosis of selected FAO disorders.

Inactivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 during cooking of non-intact beef treated with tenderization/marination and flavoring ingredients

Yoon, Yohan,Mukherjee, Avik,Geornaras, Ifigenia,Belk, Keith E.,Scanga, John A.,Smith, Gary C.,Sofos, John N. Elsevier 2011 Food Control Vol.22 No.12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This study examined the effect of tenderizing/marinating and flavoring ingredients on thermal inactivation of <I>Escherichia coli</I> O157:H7 in a lean ground beef model system, simulating non-intact products. Ground beef (3% fat) was inoculated with <I>E</I>. <I>coli</I> O157:H7 (5 strains; 6–7 log CFU/g), followed by mixing with nothing (control) or solutions of water, a mixture of flavoring agents (FA), 0.23% calcium chloride (CC) + FA, CC + FA + 0.3% acetic acid (AA), 0.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) + 0.25% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), NaCl + STP + FA, NaCl + STP + 1.8% potassium lactate (PL), NaCl + STP + PL + FA, NaCl + STP + PL + AA, and NaCl + STP + PL + AA + FA. Samples (30 g) were extruded into tubes, stored (4 °C) overnight, and cooked to 60 °C (rare) or 65 °C (medium-rare) in a water bath. Cooking weight losses, and fat and moisture contents, water activity, pH, and total bacterial and <I>E</I>. <I>coli</I> O157:H7 populations were determined after inoculation, after storage, and after heating. Reductions of the pathogen at 60 °C in acid (AA)-treated samples were higher than reductions obtained in samples not treated with acid. Surviving pathogen counts at 65 °C in NaCl and STP-treated samples with no acid were higher (<I>P</I> < 0.05) than those of samples of all other tested treatments; however, the counts decreased to 0.7–1.6 log CFU/g when AA was added. Overall, the results of the study indicate that tenderizing/flavoring ingredient formulations combined with 0.3% AA (i.e., CC + FA + AA, NaCl + STP + PL + AA, and NaCl + STP + PL + AA + FA) enhanced destruction of <I>E</I>. <I>coli</I> O157:H7 during cooking of a non-intact beef product.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Thermal inactivation of <I>Escherichia coli</I> O157:H7 internalized in non-intact beef evaluated. ► Lean ground beef model system used to simulate non-intact products. ► Effect of beef tenderizing/marinating/flavoring ingredients on pathogen heat destruction determined. ► Pathogen reductions at 60 °C enhanced in acetic acid (AA)-treated beef. ► Addition of AA to salt + phosphate formulations enhanced pathogen destruction at 65 °C.</P>

Antifungal activity of polyacetylenes isolated from Cirsium japonicum roots against various phytopathogenic fungi

Yoon, M.Y.,Choi, G.J.,Choi, Y.H.,Jang, K.S.,Cha, B.,Kim, J.C. Elsevier 2011 Industrial crops and products Vol.34 No.1

Antifungal substances from a methanol extract of Cirsium japonicum roots were purified and characterized, and their antifungal activities against various plant pathogens were evaluated. Three polyacetylene substances were isolated from roots of C. japonicum using repeated column chromatography; these were identified as ciryneol A, ciryneol C and 1-heptadecene-11,13-diyne-8,9,10-triol by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses. In vitro antifungal activity of the three substances varied according to compound and target species. Magnaporthe oryzae, Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum acutatum, Pythium ultimum and Botrytis cinerea were relatively sensitive to the three polyacetylenes, with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values below 50μgmL<SUP>-1</SUP>. In vivo, they all showed similar and broad antifungal spectra against the seven plant diseases tested. At 500μgmL<SUP>-1</SUP>, all three compounds effectively suppressed the development of rice blast, rice sheath blight, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust and red pepper anthracnose, with control values over 90%. They were highly active especially against wheat leaf rust; they controlled the development of this disease more than 88% even at a concentration of 125μgmL<SUP>-1</SUP>. In addition, ciryneol C effectively suppressed barley powdery mildew. This is the first report on the antifungal activities of the three polyacetylenes from roots of C. japonicum against plant pathogenic fungi. Polyacetylenes from roots of C. japonicum may contribute to the development of environmentally safer alternatives to protect crops from various phytopathogenic fungi.

Late glacial to Holocene climatic and oceanographic record of sediment facies from the South Scotia Sea off the northern Antarctic Peninsula

Yoon, H.I.,Khim, B.K.,Yoo, K.-C.,Bak, Y.S.,Lee, J.I. Pergamon Press 2007 Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oce Vol.54 No.21-22

Two gravity cores were collected from the South Scotia Sea located off the northern Antarctic Peninsula during the 2002/2003 Korea Antarctic Research Program (KARP) expedition to determine the late Quaternary climatic and oceanographic history. Reassessment of previous sedimentological, geochemical and micropaleontological analyses combined with established age model of AMS <SUP>14</SUP>C dates represent the reliable record of late Pleistocene climatic/oceanographic change for the Scotia Sea region of Antarctica. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the South Scotia Sea received large amounts of sorted terrigenous sediments and some of the reworked diatom fossils emplaced by bottom currents from an extensively glaciated Weddell Sea continental margin. Drifting icebergs calved from the glacial fronts have dispersed glacial dropstones throughout the study area. The bottom current deposits during the glacial phase comprise two lithologic units: (1) bioturbated gravelly sandy mud (Facies 1), formed by sluggish bottom current caused by reduced dense-water production originated from the ice sheet on the Weddell Shelf, (2) indistinctly layered diatomaceous mud as shown by total organic carbon (TOC) highs in the Facies 1, deposited by sporadic bottom currents caused by intensified sea-ice formation in polynya during the glacial stage. The LGM is characterized by greater and longer sea-ice coverage and a restricted Weddell/Scotia summer communication, as evidenced by a relative decrease in percentage Thalssiosira antarctica and Chaetoceros resting spores, which are more abundant close to the Weddell Ice Shelf. Deglaciation (about 13,000-9000 <SUP>14</SUP>C yr BP) in the South Scotia Sea was characterized by increasing TOC, diatom abundance, and decreasing magnetic susceptibility and sand contents up core. At this time, subglacial meltwater streams began to emanate from the Weddell Ice Sheet with peak of ice rafting. Sediment-laden turbid plumes from melting glacier and deglaciated Weddell Shelf have probably been joined into the realm of contour currents, Weddell Gyre circulation, ultimately forming indistinctly laminated gravelly mud (Facies 2) in the South Scotia Sea. These currents probably resulted from water exchange between the Weddell Ice Shelf and Circumpolar Warm Deep Water during the retreating phase of the last glaciation. The deglaciation was probably followed by a period of open-marine conditions with variable extent of sea ice (variable TOC content). Between about 9000 and 3000 <SUP>14</SUP>C yr BP, bottom water production occasionally appears to have diminished or ceased due to the disintegration of some of the Weddell Ice Shelf, and biogenic input became increased forming bioturbated diatomaceous mud and ooze (Facies 3). The climatic amelioration could have restored the Weddell/Scotia communication during the summer, as evidenced by a relative increase of T. antarctica and C. resting spore in Facies 3. At the onset of Neoglacial (about 3000 <SUP>14</SUP>C yr BP), a decrease in TOC and diatom abundance, and an increase of sand content reflect the formation of more extensive and seasonally persistent multiyear sea ice. The Weddell Ice Shelf advanced with increased sea-ice coverage at this time, and as a result, bottom water might play a role in transporting terrigenous sediments and reworked fossil diatoms into the South Scotia Sea, forming diatomaceous sandy mud (Facies 4). During this time, it is possible that the Weddell/Scotia communication would have been partly restricted, as evidenced by a reduction of the numbers of T. antarctica and C. resting spores. Our results indicate environmental variability throughout the late Quaternary that was consistent across most portions of the maritime Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, the timing of climatic transitions correlates with the Northern Hemisphere, indicating the possibility of coherent climatic variability during the late Quaternary, at least for the higher latitudes

C-dump Converter에 의한 차량용 스위치드 릴럭턴스 전동기 구동 시스템의 고성능 제어

김도군(D.K. Kim),윤용호(Y.H. Yoon),이태원(T.W. Lee),원충연(C.Y. Won),김영렬(Y.R. Kim) 전력전자학회 2003 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.7(2)

Recently, SRMs are used in automobiles for power assistant steering, accessory motion control and traction drives. Especially in the motion control and traction drives, safety and efficiency are of paramount important. The paper describes the essential elements, faced in designing and constructing drive circuits for a switched reluctance motor for automobiles<br/> These converters will be referred to as energy efficient C-dump converter and modified C-dump converter. Energy efficient C-dump converter topology eliminate all the disadvantages of the C -dump converter without sacrificing its attractive features, and also provide some additional advantages that have lower number of power devices, full regenerative capability, free-wheeling in chopping or PWM mode, simple control strategy, and faster demagnetization during commutation. The experiments are performed to verify the capability of proposed control method on 6/4 salient type SRM.<br/>