Effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the regulatory factors involved in growth and development in ovine fetal perirenal brown adipose tissue

Yang Huan,Ma Chi,Zi Yang,Zhang Min,Liu Yingchun,Wu Kaifeng,Gao Feng 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.7

Objective: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the expressions of genes involved in growth and development in ovine fetal perirenal brown adipose tissue (BAT). Methods: Eighteen ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at day 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.33 MJ metabolisable energy [ME]/kg body weight [BW]0.75/d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.18 MJ ME/kg BW0.75/d, n = 6), and a control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/kg BW0.75/d, n = 6). The fetuses were removed at day 140 of pregnancy. All data were analyzed by using the analysis of variance procedure. Results: The perirenal fat weight (p = 0.0077) and perirenal fat growth rate (p = 0.0074) were reduced in RG2 compared to CG. In fetal perirenal BAT, the protein level of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (p = 0.0001) was lower in RG1 and RG2 compared with CG and UCP1 mRNA expression (p = 0.0265) was decreased in RG2. The protein level of myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) was also decreased in RG2 (p = 0.0001). In addition, mRNA expressions of CyclinA (p = 0.0109), CyclinB (p = 0.0019), CyclinD (p = 0.0015), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) (p = 0.0001), E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) (p = 0.0323), E2F4 (p = 0.0101), and E2F5 (p = 0.0018) were lower in RG1 and RG2. There were decreased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) (p = 0.0043) and mRNA expression of CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) (p = 0.0307) in RG2 and decreased PPARγ mRNA expression (p = 0.0008) and C/EBPα protein expression (p = 0.0015) in both RG2 and RG1. Furthermore, mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) (p = 0.0083) and BMP7 (p = 0.0330) decreased in RG2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) reduced in RG2 and RG1. Conclusion: Our observations support that repression of regulatory factors promoting differentiation and development results in the inhibition of BAT maturation in fetal perirenal fat during late pregnancy with maternal undernutrition. Objective: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the expressions of genes involved in growth and development in ovine fetal perirenal brown adipose tissue (BAT).Methods: Eighteen ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at day 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.33 MJ metabolisable energy [ME]/kg body weight [BW]^0.75/d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.18 MJ ME/kg BW^0.75/d, n = 6), and a control group (CG, <i>ad libitum</i>, 0.67 MJ ME/kg BW^0.75/d, n = 6). The fetuses were removed at day 140 of pregnancy. All data were analyzed by using the analysis of variance procedure.Results: The perirenal fat weight (p = 0.0077) and perirenal fat growth rate (p = 0.0074) were reduced in RG2 compared to CG. In fetal perirenal BAT, the protein level of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (p = 0.0001) was lower in RG1 and RG2 compared with CG and UCP1 mRNA expression (p = 0.0265) was decreased in RG2. The protein level of myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) was also decreased in RG2 (p = 0.0001). In addition, mRNA expressions of <i>CyclinA</i> (p = 0.0109), <i>CyclinB</i> (p = 0.0019), <i>CyclinD</i> (p = 0.0015), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (<i>CDK1</i>) (p = 0.0001), E2F transcription factor 1 (<i>E2F1</i>) (p = 0.0323), <i>E2F4</i> (p = 0.0101), and <i>E2F5</i> (p = 0.0018) were lower in RG1 and RG2. There were decreased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) (p = 0.0043) and mRNA expression of CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein-α (<i>C/EBPα</i>) (p = 0.0307) in RG2 and decreased <i>PPARγ</i> mRNA expression (p = 0.0008) and C/EBPα protein expression (p = 0.0015) in both RG2 and RG1. Furthermore, mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (<i>BMP4</i>) (p = 0.0083) and <i>BMP7</i> (p = 0.0330) decreased in RG2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1α (<i>PGC-1α</i>) reduced in RG2 and RG1.Conclusion: Our observations support that repression of regulatory factors promoting differentiation and development results in the inhibition of BAT maturation in fetal perirenal fat during late pregnancy with maternal undernutrition.

A Separation Method for Electromagnetic Radiation Sources of the Same Frequency

Xiao, Yingchun,Yang, Yang,Zhu, Feng 한국전자파학회 2023 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.23 No.6

To separate electromagnetic interference sources with an unknown source number, a new separation method is proposed, which includes five key steps: spatial spectrum estimation, source number and direction-of-arrival estimation, mixed matrix estimation, separation matrix estimation, and source signal recovery. A pseudospatial spectrum estimation network based on a convolutional neural network is proposed to estimate the number of electromagnetic radiation sources, their direction of arrival, and the mixing matrix. A new loss function is designed as an optimization criterion for estimating the separation matrix. To ensure generalization, both simulated and measured datasets are used to train the proposed network. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed separation method outperforms existing source separation techniques in terms of correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and running time. Importantly, it exhibits strong performance in underdetermined cases, as well as in overdetermined or determined cases.

Effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation in ovine fetal thymuses

Zi Yang,Ma Chi,He Shan,Yang Huan,Zhang Min,Gao Feng,Liu Yingchun 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.7

Objective: This study investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during late pregnancy on the cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation in ovine fetal thymuses. Methods: Eighteen time-mated Mongolian ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at d 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/body weight [BW]0.75/d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/BW0.75/d, n = 6) and control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/BW0.75/d, n = 6). Fetuses were recovered at slaughter on d 140. Results: The G0/G1 phase cell number in fetal thymus of the RG1 group was increased but the proliferation index and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05). Fetuses in the RG1 group exhibited decreased growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R), and their mRNA expressions (p<0.05). For the RG2 fetuses, there were no differences in the proliferation index and PCNA expression (p>0.05), but growth hormone (GH) and the mRNA expression of GHR were lower than those of the CG group (p<0.05). The thymic mRNA expressions of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs including CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4), CCNE, E2-factors (E2F1, E2F2, and E2F5) were reduced in the RG1 and RG2 groups (p<0.05), and decreased mRNA expressions of E2F4, CCNA, CCNB, and CCND were occurred in the RG1 fetuses (p<0.05). The decreased E-cadherin (E-cad) as a marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was found in the RG1 and RG2 groups (p< 0.05), but the OB-cadherin which is a marker for activated fibroblasts was increased in fetal thymus of the RG1 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that weakened GH/IGF signaling system repressed the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase in IUGR fetal thymus, but the switch from reduced E-cad to increased OB-cadherin suggests that transdifferentiation process of EMT associated with fibrogenesis was strengthened. The impaired cell growth, retarded proliferation and modified differentiation were responsible for impaired maturation of IUGR fetal thymus. Objective: This study investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during late pregnancy on the cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation in ovine fetal thymuses.Methods: Eighteen time-mated Mongolian ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at d 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/body weight [BW]^0.75/d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/BW^0.75/d, n = 6) and control group (CG, <i>ad libitum</i>, 0.67 MJ ME/BW^0.75/d, n = 6). Fetuses were recovered at slaughter on d 140.Results: The G0/G1 phase cell number in fetal thymus of the RG1 group was increased but the proliferation index and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05). Fetuses in the RG1 group exhibited decreased growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R), and their mRNA expressions (p<0.05). For the RG2 fetuses, there were no differences in the proliferation index and PCNA expression (p>0.05), but growth hormone (GH) and the mRNA expression of GHR were lower than those of the CG group (p<0.05). The thymic mRNA expressions of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs including CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4), CCNE, E2-factors (E2F1, E2F2, and E2F5) were reduced in the RG1 and RG2 groups (p<0.05), and decreased mRNA expressions of E2F4, CCNA, CCNB, and CCND were occurred in the RG1 fetuses (p<0.05). The decreased E-cadherin (E-cad) as a marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was found in the RG1 and RG2 groups (p<0.05), but the OB-cadherin which is a marker for activated fibroblasts was increased in fetal thymus of the RG1 group (p<0.05).Conclusion: These results indicate that weakened GH/IGF signaling system repressed the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase in IUGR fetal thymus, but the switch from reduced E-cad to increased OB-cadherin suggests that transdifferentiation process of EMT associated with fibrogenesis was strengthened. The impaired cell growth, retarded proliferation and modified differentiation were responsible for impaired maturation of IUGR fetal thymus.

Sensory, Physicochemical, and Microbiological Changes in Vacuum Packed Channel Catfish (Clarias lazera) Patties during Controlled Freezing-point Storage

Yingchun Zhu,Kunsheng Zhang,Lizhen Ma,Nairui Huo,Hua Yang,Jiaomin Hao 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.4

Sensory, physicochemical, and microbiological changes of channel catfish patties stored under controlled freezing-point storage (CFPS) conditions at −1.5℃ for 10 weeks were analyzed to determine useful parameters for freshness evaluation and shelf-life determination. The sensory parameters of aerobic mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial counts, physicochemical parameters of thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basic nitrogen, chewiness, ATP-ase activity, and the lightness parameter L* were correlated with storage time. Vacuum-packaged patties containing a cryoprotectant, natural antioxidants, and an antimicrobial mixture stored at −1.5℃ exhibited an extended shelf-life from a conventional 1-2 weeks to 6 weeks. Parameters that were correlated with storage time can be used as indicators of quality degradation of patties. CFPS combined with vacuum packaging offers an effective approach to extension of catfish product shelf-life.

Effects of feed intake restriction during late pregnancy on the function, anti-oxidation capability and acute phase protein synthesis of ovine liver

Huan Yang,Ying Wang,Chi Ma,Chuan Sun,Yingchun Liu,Kaifeng Wu,Ming Li,Gerelt Borjigin,Feng Gao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.2

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed intake restriction during late pregnancy on the function, anti-oxidation capability and acute phase protein synthesis of ovine liver. Methods: Eighteen time-mated ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/kg W0.75 d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/kg W0.75 d), n = 6) and a control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/kg W0.75 d, n = 6). The feed restriction period was from 90 days to 140 days of pregnancy. Results: The ewe’s body weight, liver weights, water, and protein content of liver in the restricted groups were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05), but the liver fat contents in the RG1 group were higher than those of the CG group (p<0.05). The increased hepatic collagen fibers and reticular fibers were observed in the restricted groups with the reduction of energy intake. The concentrations of nonesterified free fatty acids in the RG1 and RG2 groups were higher than those of the CG group with the reduction of energy intake (p<0.05), but there were decreased concentrations of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in both restricted groups compared with the CG group (p<0.05). In addition, the increased concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase activity and catalase were found in the RG1 group, and the concentrations of cholinesterase in the RG1 group were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05). For the concentrations of acute phase proteins, the C-reactive protein (CRP) in the RG1 group were reduced compared with the CG group, but there were no differences in haptoglobin relative to the controls (p>0.05). Conclusion: The fat accumulation, increased hepatic fibrosis, antioxidant imbalance and modified synthesis of acute phase proteins were induced in ewe’s liver by maternal malnutrition during late pregnancy, which were detrimental for liver function to accommodate pregnancy.

Mn Heterogeneity and Ductility Improvement Realized by Slow Heating Mn-Partitioned Pearlit

Dezhen Yang,Jiusan Xiao,Chao Zhang,Yingchun Wang,Zhiping Xiong 대한금속·재료학회 2024 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.30 No.2

The Mn heterogeneity in the medium manganese steel has been realized deliberately using fast heating. However, fast heatingis not easy for industrial production. Here, we counter-intuitively demonstrate that the slow heating not only can retain theMn-heterogeneous distribution from alternative Mn-enriched cementite and Mn-depleted ferrite in the initial pearlite, butalso modify the stability, morphology and fraction of retained austenite (RA). Compared to fast heating, a wider distributionand a lower average content of Mn in film RA are achieved due to the transition of austenite formation from partition localequilibrium to negligible partition local equilibrium. Meanwhile, the slow heating boosts the dissolution of the sphericalcementite, leading to a stronger retention of spherical RA. Consequently, slow heating exhibits a 30% larger ductility owingto a stronger austenite-to-martensite transformation during straining while the strength keeps similar. The present studyindicates that the slow heating opens a new avenue to produce Mn-heterogeneous steels having high strength and ductility.

Thermodynamic analysis of a novel adiabatic compressed air energy storage system with water cycle

Zhen Xu,Haiyang Yang,Yingchun Xie,Jinchi Zhu,Chaoqun Liu 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.6

A novel water cycle compressed air energy storage system (WC-CAES) is proposed to improve the energy storage density (ESD) and round trip efficiency (RTE) of A-CAES. The new system decreases electricity consumption by recovering and reusing the hydraulic pressure of water. The thermodynamic characteristics of WC-CAES are evaluated by energy and advanced exergy analysis method. When the air storage pressure of WC-CAES is equal to the minimum storage pressure of A-CAES (4.2 MPa), the ESD and generalized storage density increase by 5.85 % and 32.41 %, respectively. When the air storage pressure increases to the same level as A-CAES (7.2 MPa), ESD and generalized storage density increase by 112 % and 162 %, respectively. In addition, the RTE increases by 1.6 % when the air storage pressure is 4.2 MPa. WC-CAES is therefore verified to be an effective way to improve the performance of conventional A-CAES.

Study on the Innovation of Talent Cultivation Mode in Universities under the Background of the Construction of Double City Economic Circle

况,迎春(Chuang Yingchun),高雅(Gao Ya),黄,怡(Huang Yi),阳,丹(Yang Dan),吕,瑶,(Lu Yao),唐慧(Tang Hu),李青,嵩(Li Qing-Song) 아시아사회과학학회 2022 International Science Research Vol.2 No.1

成渝双城经济圈作为国家重要的协同发展战略, 对成渝地区教育、人才培养发展、人才联育方面, 提供了历史性的机遇, 人才作为社会、国家重要的发展动力, 对于实现民族振兴、赢得国际竞争主动权的战略资源具有重要作用。本文立足于成渝双城经济圈政策实行的大背景下, 深入探讨实现人才创新发展的路径与基础, 在切实分析成渝双城经济圈高校人才培养模式现状后, 通过结合成渝地区重点高校报告和相关数据进行比较研究, 提出所面临的缺陷与不足等相关问题的合理可行的建议。 As an important national cooperative development strategy, Chengdu Chongqing double city economic circle provides a historic opportunity for education, talent training and development, and Talent Association in Chengdu-Chongqing area. As an important driving force for social and national development, talent plays an important role in realizing national revitalization and winning the strategic resources of international competition initiative. Based on the background of the implementation of the policy of Chengdu Chongqing double city economic circle, this paper deeply explores the path and basis for the development of talent innovation. After the actual analysis of the current situation of the talent training mode in Chengdu Chongqing double city economic circle, through the comparison of the report of key universities in Chengdu-Chongqing area and related data, it puts forward reasonable and feasible suggestions on the defects and deficiencies faced and other related issues.

MnFe2O4 nanoparticles coated on one-dimensional carbon nanowires derived from Nitrilotriacetic acid as efficient catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate for moxifloxacin degradation

Xuefeng Zhang,Yujie Zhang,Qin Yang,Yingchun Yang,Xuping Sun 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.127 No.-

Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are highly reliable for the elimination of recalcitrantcontaminants by increasing degradability and reducing toxicity. Here, MnFe2O4 nanowires(MnFe2O4 NWs), composed of abundant MnFe2O4 nanoparticles immobilized on one-dimensional carbonnanowires derived from annealed MnFe-Nitrilotriacetic acid (MnFe-NTA) precursor was successfully synthesized. The MnFe2O4 NWs, which could provide more active sites, were then utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS) for oxidizing the target pollutant Moxifloxacin (MOX) in an aqueous solution. TheMnFe2O4 NWs/PMS system acquired 91.9% removal of MOX and achieved 55.1% chemical oxygen demand(COD) degradation efficiency in 30 min. The results exhibited that the increased catalyst doses and PMSconcentration lead to ascending MOX removal rate, which decreased with the participation of co-existingions. Besides, there is a close relationship between original pH and MOX degradation efficiency. It wasfound that SO4 –, OH, 1O2, and O2 – were involved in the MOX degradation by quenching experimentsand electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection. More importantly, the stable magnetism ofMnFe2O4 NWs contributed to its convenient recycling. Finally, a reliable mechanism for activating PMSwas proposed based on the aforementioned results and previous researches, which could exhibit a novelhorizon in effluent treatment.

MiR-26a promotes apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells by targeting the 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24-reductase gene

Zhang, Xiaodong,Tao, Qiangqiang,Shang, Jinnan,Xu, Yiliang,Zhang, Liang,Ma, Yingchun,Zhu, Weihua,Yang, Min,Ding, Yueyun,Yin, Zongjun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.4

Objective: Apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) affects mammalian follicular development and fecundity. This study aimed to explore the regulatory relationship between microRNA-26a (miR-26a) and the 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24-reductase gene (DHCR24) gene in porcine follicular granular cells (pGCs), and to provide empirical data for the development of methods to improve the reproductive capacity of pigs. Methods: The pGCs were transfected with miR-26a mimic, miR-26a inhibitor and DHCR24-siRNA in vitro. The cell apoptosis rate of pGCs was detected by the flow cytometry. The secretion levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in pGCs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Double luciferase validation system was used to detect the binding sites between miR-26a and DHCR24 3'-UTR region. Qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to verify the DHCR24 mRNA and protein expression in pGCs, respectively, after transfecting with miR-26a mimic and miR-26a inhibitor. Results: Results showed that enhancement of miR-26a promoted apoptosis, and inhibited E2 and P secretion in pGCs. Meanwhile, inhibition of DHCR24 also upregulated the Caspase-3 expression, reduced the BCL-2 expression, promoted pGCs apoptosis, and inhibited E2 and P secretion in pGCs. There were the binding sites of miR-26a located within DHCR24 3'-UTR. Up-regulation of miR-26a inhibited DHCR24 mRNA and protein expression in pGCs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that miR-26a can promote cell apoptosis and inhibit E2 and P secretion by inhibiting the expression of DHCR24 in pGCs.