Glucose and Insulin Stimulate Lipogenesis in Porcine Adipocytes: Dissimilar and Identical Regulation Pathway for Key Transcription Factors

Zhang, Guo Hua,Lu, Jian Xiong,Chen, Yan,Dai, Hong Wei,ZhaXi, YingPai,Zhao, Yong Qing,Qiao, Zi Lin,Feng, Ruo Fei,Wang, Ya Ling,Ma, Zhong Ren Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.11

Lipogenesis is under the concerted action of ChREBP, SREBP-1c and other transcription factors in response to glucose and insulin. The isolated porcine preadipocytes were differentiated into mature adipocytes to investigate the roles and interrelation of these transcription factors in the context of glucose- and insulin-induced lipogenesis in pigs. In ChREBP-silenced adipocytes, glucose-induced lipogenesis decreased by ~70%, however insulin-induced lipogenesis was unaffected. Moreover, insulin had no effect on ChREBP expression of unperturbed adipocytes irrespective of glucose concentration, suggesting ChREBP mediate glucose-induced lipogenesis. Insulin stimulated SREBP-1c expression and when SREBP-1c activation was blocked, and the insulin-induced lipogenesis decreased by ~55%, suggesting SREBP-1c is a key transcription factor mediating insulin-induced lipogenesis. $LXR{\alpha}$ activation promoted lipogenesis and lipogenic genes expression. In ChREBP-silenced or SREBP-1c activation blocked adipocytes, $LXR{\alpha}$ activation facilitated lipogenesis and SREBP-1c expression, but had no effect on ChREBP expression. Therefore, $LXR{\alpha}$ might mediate lipogenesis via SREBP-1c rather than ChREBP. When ChREBP expression was silenced and SREBP-1c activation blocked simultaneously, glucose and insulin were still able to stimulated lipogenesis and lipogenic genes expression, and $LXR{\alpha}$ activation enhanced these effects, suggesting $LXR{\alpha}$ mediated directly glucose- and insulin-induced lipogenesis. In summary, glucose and insulin stimulated lipogenesis through both dissimilar and identical regulation pathway in porcine adipocytes.

Robust Predictive Augmented Unscented Kalman Filter

Yan Zhao,Shesheng Gao,Jing Zhang,Qiao-nan Sun 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2014 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.12 No.5

This paper presents a new Unscented Kalman Filtering (UKF) method by using robust model prediction. This method incorporates system driving noise in system state through augmentation of state space dimension to expand the input of system state information. The system model error is constructed by model prediction, and is then used to rectify the UKF process to obtain the estimate of the real system state. The proposed method endows the robustness to the traditional UKF, thus over-coming the limitation that the traditional UKF is sensitive to system model error. Experimental results show that the convergence rate and accuracy of the proposed filtering method is superior to the Ex-tended Kalman Filtering and traditional UKF.

Investigation of Co nanoparticle assemblies induced by magnetic field

Yan Li,Xiao Li Zhang,Ri Qiu,Ru Qiao,강영수 한국공업화학회 2008 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.14 No.1

Cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized by using cobalt (II) acetate as precursor in an organic solution. Under the inuence of a 0.05 T magneticeld, in a colloidal solution, the cobalt nanoparticles covered with surfactants were assembled into highly constrained linear chains along thedirection of the magnetic eld. After removal of the eld the chains become oppy and then aggregate into pearl necklaces coiled structuresupon gentle agitation. The differences of the magnetic properties between the magnetic eld induced and random cobalt nanoparticles can becharacterized by superconducting quantum interference devise (SQUID).# 2007 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cooperative localization in 5G networks: A survey

Ping Zhang,Jian Lu,Yan Wang,Qiao Wang 한국통신학회 2017 ICT Express Vol.3 No.1

In upcoming 5G networks, key prospects such as increased bandwidth, smaller cells, higher mobile terminal (MT) densities, multiple radio access technologies, and the capability of device-to-device communication are beneficial for localization. Meanwhile, technologies suggested in 5G, such as massive multiple-in multiple-out, would also benefit from the accurate locations of MTs. Therefore, an opportunity to develop and integrate mobile localization technology in 5G networks has presented itself at this early stage. This paper reviews recent literature relating to localization in 5G networks, and emphasizes the prospect for implementing cooperative localization, which exploits the location information from additional measurements between MTs. To evaluate the accuracy of cooperative localization, a performance evaluation approach is also suggested.

High yields and soluble expression of superoxide dismutases in Escherichia coli due to the HIV-1 Tat peptide via increases in mRNA transcription

Yangdong Sun,Qiao Ye,Min Wu,Yonghong Wu,Chenggang Zhang,Weiqun Yan 생화학분자생물학회 2016 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.48 No.-

This study aimed to validate the high yield and soluble expression of proteins carrying the transactivator of transcription (Tat) peptide tag, and further explored the potential mechanism by which the Tat tag increases expression. Escherichia coli superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins, including SodA, SodB and SodC, were selected for analysis. As expected, the yields and the solubility of Tat-tagged proteins were higher than those of Tat-free proteins, and similar results were observed for the total SOD enzyme activity. Bacterial cells that overexpressed Tat-tagged proteins exhibited increased anti-paraquat activity compared with those expressing Tat-free proteins that manifested as SodA4SodC4SodB. When compared with an MG1655 wild-type strain, the growth of a ΔSodA mutant strain was found to be inhibited after paraquat treatment; the growth of ΔSodB and ΔSodC mutant strains was also slightly inhibited. The mRNA transcript level of genes encoding Tat-tagged proteins was higher than that of genes encoding Tat-free proteins. Furthermore, the α-helix and turn of Tat-tagged proteins were higher than those of Tat-free proteins, but the β-sheet and random coil content was lower. These results indicated that the incorporation of the Tat core peptide as a significant basic membrane transduction peptide in fusion proteins could increase mRNA transcripts and promote the high yield and soluble expression of heterologous proteins in E. coli.

Ginsengenin derivatives synthesized from 20(R)-panaxotriol: Synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activity targeting HIF-1 pathway

Guo, Hong-Yan,Xing, Yue,Sun, Yu-Qiao,Liu, Can,Xu, Qian,Shang, Fan-Fan,Zhang, Run-Hui,Jin, Xue-Jun,Chen, Fener,Lee, Jung Joon,Kang, Dongzhou,Shen, Qing-Kun,Quan, Zhe-Shan The Korean Society of Ginseng 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.6

Background: Ginseng possesses antitumor effects, and ginsenosides are considered to be one of its main active chemical components. Ginsenosides can further be hydrolyzed to generate secondary saponins, and 20(R)-panaxotriol is an important sapogenin of ginsenosides. We aimed to synthesize a new ginsengenin derivative from 20(R)-panaxotriol and investigate its antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Here, 20(R)-panaxotriol was selected as a precursor and was modified into its derivatives. The new products were characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and HR-MS and evaluated by molecular docking, MTT, luciferase reporter assay, western blotting, immunofluorescent staining, colony formation assay, EdU labeling and immunofluorescence, apoptosis assay, cells migration assay, transwell assay and in vivo antitumor activity assay. Results: The derivative with the best antitumor activity was identified as 6,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycinate (A11). The focus of this research was on the antitumor activity of the derivatives. The efficacy of the derivative A11 (IC₅₀ < 0.3 µM) was more than 100 times higher than that of 20(R)- panaxotriol (IC₅₀ > 30 µM). In addition, A11 inhibited the protein expression and nuclear accumulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α in HeLa cells under hypoxic conditions in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, A11 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HeLa cells, while promoting their apoptosis. Notably, the inhibition by A11 was more significant than that by 20(R)-panaxotriol (p < 0.01) in vivo. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the production of derivative A11 from 20(R)-panaxotriol and its superior antitumor activity compared to its precursor. Moreover, derivative A11 can be used to further study and develop novel antitumor drugs.

Electrical characteristics of a discharge in saltwater

Han Zhen,Zhang Xiaobing,Yan Bing,Qiao Liang,Wang Zhigang 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.80 No.4

Experiments are conducted to reveal the electrical characteristics of a pulsed discharge in saltwater. To check the influence of the electrode material on discharge, we used stainless steel, red copper, and W–Cu alloy (the content of tungsten is 80%) in our experiment. As a result, four different types of discharges are observed: a typical spark discharge, a typical corona discharge, a corona discharge with a bulge, and a mixed spark discharge. In the spark discharge mode, a RLC oscillating circuit is used to describe the current after the breakdown of the electrode gap. Previous studies were mainly done using freshwater; thus, the current in the pre-breakdown period was approximately 0. However, saltwater is full of ions and is highly conductive, which brings about the appearance of a conductive current in the pre-breakdown stage. When the conductive current is considered, we obtain the analytical expression for the current in saltwater by solving the second-order ordinary coefficient differential equation with current as a variable. In combination with the short-circuit method, the constant resistance of the plasma channel is finally calculated. Actually, the channel resistance is not always the same after the breakdown. Based on the actual resistance in the first half-cycle after the breakdown, we propose a time-varying channel resistance model. By data fitting, we determined the coefficients in the time-varying channel resistance model; we also discuss the relationship between the coefficients. The results show that the fitting curve is in good agreement with the measured one.

Novel Phage Display-Derived H5N1-Specific scFvs with Potential Use in Rapid Avian Flu Diagnosis

( Jie Wu ),( Xian Qiao Zeng ),( Hong Bin Zhang ),( Han Zhong Ni ),( Lei Pei ),( Li Rong Zou ),( Li Jun Liang ),( Xin Zhang ),( Jin Yan Lin ),( Chang Wen Ke ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.5

The highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype infect poultry and have also been spreading to humans. Although new antiviral drugs and vaccinations can be effective, rapid detection would be more efficient to control the outbreak of infections. In this study, a phage-display library was applied to select antibody fragments for HPAI strain A/Hubei/1/2010. As a result, three clones were selected and sequenced. A hemagglutinin inhibition assay of the three scFvs revealed that none exhibited hemagglutination inhibition activity towards the H5N1 virus, yet they showed a higher binding affinity for several HPAI H5N1 strains compared with other influenza viruses. An ELISA confirmed that the HA protein was the target of the scFvs, and the results of a protein structure simulation showed that all the selected scFvs bound to the HA2 subunit of the HA protein. In conclusion, the three selected scFVs could be useful for developing a specific detection tool for the surveillance of HPAI epidemic strains.

Functional Investigation on Aromatase in Endometrial Hyperplasia in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Cases

Zhao, Pan-Lin,Zhang, Qiu-Fang,Yan, Li-Ying,Huang, Shuo,Chen, Yuan,Qiao, Jie Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

Objective: To explore the possible significance of aromatase P450 in endometrial hyperplasia with a background of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of aromatase P450 in endometrium of PCOS patients. Semiquantitative analysis of aromatase P450 expression of mRNA and protein level wasalso carried out by real-time quantitative RT-PCR method. After endometrial cells were stimulated by testosterone and letrozole in vitro, the estradiol ($E_2$) level was determined, and the expression of cell aromatase P450 mRNA was assessed. Results: The aromatase P450 mRNA level was increased in endometria of PCOS patients. When endometrial cells were cultured with $10^{-6}M$ testosterone, the $E_2$ level in the culture medium increased. An inhibitory effect on $E_2$ generation and expression of aromatase P450 mRNA was observed when the endometrial cells were treated with $10^{-5}M$ letrozole. Conclusions: There is an increased expression of aromatase P450 in PCOS patient endometrium. Androgen stimulation could enhance the synthesis of aromatase P450 mRNA and the production of $E_2$ in endometrial cells in vitro while letrozole could do the reverse.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Echinostoma hortense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)

Ze-Xuan Liu,Yan Zhang,Yu-Ting Liu,Qiao-Cheng Chang,Xin Su,Xue Fu,Dong-Mei Yue,Yuan Gao,Chun-Ren Wang 대한기생충학열대의학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.54 No.2