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Da Zhou,Yuan-Wen Chen,Ze-Hua Zhao,Rui-Xu Yang,Feng-Zhi Xin,Xiao-Lin Liu,Qin Pan,Huiping Zhou,Jian-Gao Fan 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has a broad spectrum of biological activity by regulating metabolic processes via both the direct activation of the class B family of G protein-coupled receptors and indirect nonreceptor-mediated pathways. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have significant therapeutic effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) in animal models. However, clinical studies indicated that GLP-1 treatment had little effect on hepatic steatosis in some NAFLD patients, suggesting that GLP-1 resistance may occur in these patients. It is wellknown that the gut metabolite sodium butyrate (NaB) could promote GLP-1 secretion from intestinal L cells. However, it is unclear whether NaB improves hepatic GLP-1 responsiveness in NAFLD. In the current study, we showed that the serum GLP-1 levels of NAFLD patients were similar to those of normal controls, but hepatic GLP-1R expression was significantly downregulated in NAFLD patients. Similarly, in the NAFLD mouse model, mice fed with a high-fat diet showed reduced hepatic GLP-1R expression, which was reversed by NaB treatment and accompanied by markedly alleviated liver steatosis. In addition, NaB treatment also upregulated the hepatic p-AMPK/p-ACC and insulin receptor/ insulin receptor substrate-1 expression levels. Furthermore, NaB-enhanced GLP-1R expression in HepG2 cells by inhibiting histone deacetylase-2 independent of GPR43/GPR109a. These results indicate that NaB is able to prevent the progression of NAFL to NASH via promoting hepatic GLP-1R expression. NaB is a GLP-1 sensitizer and represents a potential therapeutic adjuvant to prevent NAFL progression to NASH.
Wei Zhu,Jiahong Liu,Kuanxiang Shi,Fei Qi,Huiping Shen,Zhu Xu,Zhilong Ma 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.9
This paper proposes a three degree-of-freedoms (DOFs) cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR), which is actuated by three groups of parallel cables and tensioned by an elastic telescopic rod with a passive spring. Firstly, the architecture of the robot is briefly illustrated with emphasis on the three parallelogram arrangements of the cables and composition of elastic telescopic rod structure. This robot has larger workspace and greater tension than previous under-constrained CDPRs. Secondly, the kinematic and dynamic models of the robot are established. On this basis, the parameters of the spring installed in the telescopic rod are optimized and determined considering both the acceleration and cable force through using the differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Thirdly, dynamic stability analysis of the robot under impulsive disturbances is performed according to the Gauss principle of least constraint (GPLC). The results of a simulation case show that this robot has better dynamic stability in comparison with conventional under-constraint CDPR because of the presence of the elastic telescopic rod. The measurement results in the workspace are obtained through dynamic simulation. Finally, the experiments are performed based on numerical simulation. The feasibility of the CDPR is verified via the experiments and simulations.