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Assuring explainability on demand response targeting via credit scoring
Lee, Kyungeun,Lee, Hyesu,Lee, Hyoseop,Yoon, Yoonjin,Lee, Eunjung,Rhee, Wonjong Elsevier 2018 ENERGY Vol.161 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>As data-driven innovation becomes a main trend in the energy sector, explainability of data-driven actions is becoming a major fairness issue for the residential applications, and it is expected to become a requirement for regulatory compliance. Explainability, however, often demands a sacrifice in prediction performance and affects the effectiveness of data-driven actions. In this study, we consider data-driven customer targeting in an incentive-based residential demand response program, and investigate the explainability-performance tradeoff when using simple-rule based, machine learning, and credit scoring methods. Credit scoring, that has been a popular solution in the finance discipline for over 60 years, is a scorecard based modeling method that can surely provide explainability. We first provide the detailed steps of applying credit scoring to the demand response problem. Then, we use a dataset of 14,525 households obtained from a real demand response program and analyze two prediction problems – participation prediction and behavior change prediction. The results show that credit scoring can achieve a comparable performance as the best-performing machine learning methods while providing full explainability. Our results suggest that credit scoring can be a promising explainability option for broader energy sector problems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A quantitative analysis of data-driven targeting in residential DR. </LI> <LI> Explainability of data-driven actions and its relation to fairness. </LI> <LI> Details of implementing credit scoring, which has good explainability, for DR. </LI> <LI> A case study of incentive DR, where the DR was operated through a smartphone app. </LI> <LI> Credit scoring can achieve a comparable performance as machine learning methods. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee, Yujeong,Cho, Jung-Hyun,Lee, Seulah,Lee, Wonjong,Chang, Seung-Cheol,Chung, Hae Young,Moon, Hyung Ryong,Lee, Jaewon Elsevier 2019 Brain Research Vol.1704 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are considered promising therapeutic targets in several neurodegenerative diseases. A number of PPAR agonists have been shown to have neuroprotective properties in the presence of oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory response, and apoptosis in various neurodegenerative disease. MHY908 is a novel PPAR α/γ dual agonist, which has been shown to suppress inflammatory response and attenuate insulin resistance in aged rats and db/db mice. Here, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of MHY908 in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. Pretreatment with MHY908 attenuated MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor deficit. MPTP-induced glial activations were mitigated by MHY908 in the nigrostriatal pathway, and MHY908 effectively blocked 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP<SUP>+</SUP>)-induced cell death and ROS production in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Further study revealed MHY908 inhibited MPP<SUP>+</SUP>-induced astroglial activation by suppressing NF-κB signaling in primary astrocytes. Taken together, the present study suggests that PPAR α/γ dual agonists be considered potentially useful preventions for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with neuroinflammation.</P> <P><B>Highlight</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> MHY908 attenuated MPTP-induced motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal death. </LI> <LI> MHY908 also ameliorated MPTP-induced glial activation in the STR and SN. </LI> <LI> MHY908 pretreatment protected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells against MPP<SUP>+</SUP> toxicity. </LI> <LI> Pretreatment of MHY908 inhibited MPP<SUP>+</SUP>-induced ROS generation. </LI> <LI> MHY908 treatment attenuated MPP<SUP>+</SUP>-induced primary astrocyte activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. </LI> </UL> </P>
Learning, memory deficits, and impaired neuronal maturation attributed to acrylamide
Lee, Seulah,Park, Hee Ra,Lee, Joo Yeon,Cho, Jung-Hyun,Song, Hye Min,Kim, Ah Hyun,Lee, Wonjong,Lee, Yujeong,Chang, Seung-Cheol,Kim, Hyung Sik,Lee, Jaewon TAYLOR & FRANCIS 2018 JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PAR Vol.81 No.9
<P>Acrylamide (ACR) is a neurotoxin known to produce neurotoxicity characterized by ataxia, skeletal muscle weakness, cognitive impairment, and numbness of the extremities. Previously, investigators reported that high-dose (50mg/kg) ACR impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and increased neural progenitor cell death; however, the influence of subchronic environmentally relevant low dose-(2, 20, or 200g/kg) ACRs have not been examined in adult neurogenesis or cognitive function in mice. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether low-dose ACR adversely affected mouse hippocampal neurogenesis and neurocognitive functions. Male C57BL/6 mice were orally administered vehicle or ACR at 2, 20, or 200g/kg/day for 4weeks. ACR did not significantly alter the number of newly generated cells or produce neuroinflammation or neuronal loss in hippocampi. However, behavioral studies revealed that 200g/kg ACR produced learning and memory impairment. Furthermore, incubation of ACR with primary cultured neurons during the developmental stage was found to delay neuronal maturation without affecting cell viability indicating the presence of developmental neurotoxicity. These findings indicate that although exposure to in vivo low-dose ACR daily for 4weeks exerted no apparent marked effect on hippocampal neurogenesis, in vitro observations in primary cultured neurons noted adverse effects on learning and memory impairment suggestive of neurotoxic actions.</P>
Hierarchical Cloud Computing Architecture for Context-Aware IoT Services
Lee, Tae-Dong,Lee, Byung Moo,Noh, Wonjong IEEE 2018 IEEE transactions on consumer electronics Vol.64 No.2
<P>This paper presents a new cloud computing model for context-aware Internet of Things services. The proposed computing model is hierarchically composed of two layers: a cloud control layer (CCL) and a user control layer (UCL). The CCL manages cloud resource allocation, service scheduling, service profile, and service adaptation policy from a system performance point of view. Meanwhile, the UCL manages end-to-end service connection and service context from a user performance point of view. The proposed model can support nonuniform service binding and its real-time adaptation using meta-objects. Furthermore, it supports intelligent service-context management using a supervised and reinforcement learning-based machine learning framework. We implemented a lightweight prototype of the proposed computing model. Evaluations confirm that the proposed computing model offers enhanced performance compared with legacy uniform computing models.</P>
Lee, Wonjong,Lee, Dong Gun Elsevier 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.489 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Resveratrol is a flavonoid found in various plants including grapes, which has been reported to be active against various pathogenic bacteria. However, antibacterial effects and mechanisms via pro-oxidant property of resveratrol remain unknown and speculative. This research investigated antibacterial mechanism of resveratrol against a food-borne human pathogen <I>Salmonella typhimurium</I>, and confirmed the cell death associated oxidative damage. Resveratrol increased outer membrane permeability and membrane depolarization. It also was observed DNA injury responses such as DNA fragmentation, increasing DNA contents and cell division inhibition. Intracellular ROS accumulation, GSH depletion and significant increased malondialdehyde levels were confirmed, which indicated pro-oxidant activity of resveratrol and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the observed lethal damages were reduced by antioxidant <I>N</I>-acetylcysteine treatment supported the view that resveratrol-induced oxidative stress stimulated <I>S</I>. <I>typhimurium</I> cell death. In conclusion, this study expands understanding on role of pro-oxidant property and insight into previously unrecognized oxygen-dependent anti-<I>Salmonella</I> mechanism on resveratrol.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Resveratrol treatment induced inhibition of <I>Salmonella typhimurium</I> via membrane and DNA disruption. </LI> <LI> Resveratrol appears pro-oxidant property through ROS accumulation, GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation in <I>S. typhimurium.</I> </LI> <LI> Membrane and DNA disruption is stimulated by pro-oxidant activity of resveratrol. </LI> </UL> </P>