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Molecular Marker Related to Fruitbody Color of Flammulina velutipes
Kong, Won-Sik,You, Chang-Hyun,Yoo, Young-Bok,Kim, Gyu-Hyun,Kim, Kwang-Ho The Korean Society of Mycology 2004 Mycobiology Vol.32 No.1
White and brown strains of Flammulina velutipes were inter-crossed. All $F_1$ showed light-brown fruitbody, suggesting that a gene for the brown fruitbody was incompletely dominant against the white one. And backcross experiment showed that more than two genes were involved in color determination. To isolate a molecular marker linked to fruitbody color, a set of primers was designed from a sequence of clones derived by a bulked segregant analysis. These markers showed a specific band which co-segregated with brown fruitbody forming strains.
Kong, Won Sik,Kim, Chung Seok Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2016 Materials science forum Vol.857 No.-
<P>The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal aging of dissimilar metal welds for reactor pressurized vessels in the primary system of nuclear power plants. The influences of long-term aging of dissimilar-metal welds on microstructural and mechanical characteristics have been studied qualitatively and quantitatively. The dissimilar-metal welds composed of SA 508 Cl.3 low alloy steel and AISI 316L stainless steel are prepared after buttering alloy 82 on the SA 508 side by the gas tungsten arc welding process using Inconel 82 welding consumable. The test specimens are heat-treated at 600°C for 10000 hours at each predetermined aging time to simulate the degraded microstructure of dissimilar-metal welds subjected to high temperature and pressure. The long-term aging tests are interrupted at various stages to obtain the different level of degraded specimens. The microstructural changes in base metals and weld metal have been evaluated by the optical and electron microscope in relation with twins, grains, precipitates, and phase transformation. The residual stress and mechanical softening were also discussed in terms of microstructural changes during long-term aging.</P>
Introduction of Korean Mushroom Industry and RDA Research
Won-Sik Kong,Kab-Yeul Jang,Chan-Jung Lee,Kang-Hyo Lee 한국버섯학회 2017 버섯 Vol.21 No.2
The total mushroom production in Korea in 2015 comprised about 200,000 ton with a value of about 700 billion won (one trillion won if mushroom factory products are included, 1 $=1,128 won). This is almost equal to the amounts generated by flowers and medicinal crops. Even though the cultivation area and the number of farms have been decreased since 2006, the scale of the farms is increasing. Also mushroom productivity and consumption (4.9 ㎏ / person in 2015) are steadily increasing. Major cultivated species are Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Lentinula edodes and Agaricus bisporus, which cover 90% of the total production. Shelves, logs, plastic bags or plastic bottles are mostly used for cultivation depending on the kind of mushroom. Mushroom export estimated about 43 million $ in 2016. Major exported mushrooms are Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus eryngii, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tricholoma matsutake and Agaricus bisporus that are destined for the U.S., the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan and several other countries. Mushroom research in the RDA started in 1967. In the beginning, development of cultivation methods using rice straw was studied together with distribution of improved strains of the button mushroom. The costs of button mushroom production strongly increased due the improving national economy, shortage of workers, increase of wages and the oil crisis in the nation. This caused a weak competitive position for button mushroom export and resulted in reduction of the button mushroom cultivation area. After development of a cotton waste cultivation method for the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreastus), this mushroom was popularized and mainly studied. Development of automated plastic bottle cultivation systems in the 1990s changed shelf cultivation to mass production. The bottle system was applied to the oyster mushroom but also to F. velutipes and P. eryngii. Mushroom research in the RDA nowadays focuses on analysis of mushroom genetics in combination with development of new mushroom varieties, mushroom physiology and cultivation. Further studied are environmental factors for cultivation, disease control, development and utilization of mushroom substrate resources, post-harvest management and improvement of marketable traits. Finally, the RDA manages the collection, classification, identification and preservation of mushroom resources.
Kong, Kyoung Hye,Kim, Hyun Kyu,Song, Kwan Sung,Woo, Young Sik,Choi, Won Suk,Park, Hee Ra,Park, Mikyung,Kim, Mi Eun,Kim, Min-Sun,Ryu, Jeong Sim,Kim, Hyung Sik,Lee, Jaewon Taylor Francis 2010 Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Pa Vol.73 No.21
<P>Capsaicin (N-vanillyl-8-methyl-1-nonenamide) is a major pungent ingredient in hot peppers and induces apoptosis in malignant carcinoma cell lines. However, the adverse effects of capsaicin on neuronal development have not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to determine whether capsaicin affected murine-derived cerebellar multi-potent neural progenitor cells (NPC) or adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo. Capsaicin dose-dependently suppressed NPC proliferation, and higher concentrations were cytotoxic. Capsaicin decreased the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) without markedly affecting p38 kinases. Capsaicin reduced the number of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus but did not significantly alter learning and memory performance in young adult mice. Interestingly, capsaicin decreased ERK activation in the hippocampus, suggesting that reduced ERK signaling may be involved in the capsaicin-mediated regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis.</P>
Won-Ho Kim,Hyung-Sik Kong,Kang Been Lee,Hyun-Jo Pyo,Min-Jae Jeong 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.1
Trends of traction motor of railway vehicles have been shifted from induction motors to permanent magnet motors. Recently, studies have been conducted on dysprosium-free permanent magnets. Dysprosium is a heavy rare earth element that has a great impact on performance of motors. However, dysprosium aff ects the coercive force of a permanent magnet and can produce irreversible demagnetization. Conventional studies have focused on improving the performance of motors using permanent magnets without heavy rare earth elements. In this study, a robust rotor design process includes the way to restrain irreversible demagnetization using a dysprosium-free permanent magnet. First, the irreversible magnetization of bar-type and V-type magnets, which are basic models of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors, is analyzed. Next, expected demagnetized parts of the main magnets are used as a submagnets, which make magnetic fi eld bypass both sides of the submagnets, and magnets are added in submagnets regions to compensate gap of performance between target model and double type models. Finally, parameter analysis is performed on the design variables of the main magnet. The proposed the robust design process to restrict irreversible demagnetization proves its validity through fi nite element analysis.
Antitumor activity of ZD6474 in a metastatic orthotopic brain tumor model.
Kong, Doo-Sik,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Jeon, Ji-Won,Kim, Shi-Yeon,Kim, Maeng Sup,Joo, Kyeung Min,Park, Kwan,Nam, Do-Hyun D. A. Spandidos 2008 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol.1 No.3
<P>The objective of this study was to examine the antitumor effect of ZD6474, an orally available inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), on tumor growth in an orthotopic metastatic brain tumor model. In order to determine the antitumor mechanism of ZD6474 treatment, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed. Human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-435) were injected using direct intracranial (IC) inoculation (5x105 cells/100 ?l) and internal carotid artery (ICA) injection (5x104 cells/100 ?l) in Balb/c-nu female mice. Daily oral treatment with ZD6474 (50 mg/kg) was initiated on day 14 after the establishment of micrometastasis. Mice (n=12 per group) were sacrificed on day 28. Western blot analysis revealed that the autophosphorylation of EGFR and Akt was increasingly decreased with ZD6474 treatment in lung and brain endothelial cells and the MDA-MB-435 cell line. MTT assay also showed that the in vitro antitumor activity of ZD6474 was dependent on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition at a higher dose. Daily oral treatment with ZD6474 led to marked inhibition of metastatic tumor growth in the ICA injection and the direct IC inoculation models (median size 3.5 mm3, range 1.6-13.9 mm3) as compared to the control group (median size 62.4 mm3, range 11.5-206.9 mm3). These results suggest that simultaneous inhibition of both the EGFR and VEGFR-2 signaling pathways has a valuable therapeutic effect through its inhibition of the growth of metastatic brain tumors.</P>