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A Simple, Effective Method for Bacterial Culture Storage: A Brief Technical Report
Winters, Ryan D.,Winn, Washington C. Jr. The Korean Society for Microbiology 2010 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.40 No.2
Maintenance of large collections of bacterial cultures can be challenging, as individual species may necessitate specific storage techniques, and many important organisms are famously difficult to sustain in culture. We present a simple, cost-effective, reliable method for long-term storage of bacterial strains suitable for fastidious species.
Erica Winters,하세진 한국마케팅과학회 2012 마케팅과학연구 Vol.22 No.4
This study investigates the role of customizing the offerings (rewards and services) of a customer loyalty program in consumers’ responses regarding perceived value (cash value and emotional value), satisfaction with the loyalty program, and loyalty intention toward the focal retailer. It also examines the moderating role that customer loyalty program involvement may play in value–satisfaction–loyalty associations. Data were collected from 174 college students using a web-based survey. Results yield overall support for the model in which customization of a loyalty program influences perceived cash value of the loyalty program, which in turn influences perceived emotional value,satisfaction with the loyalty program, and loyalty toward the retailer. Additionally,consumer involvement in customer loyalty programs moderates the effectiveness of customer loyalty programs by differentiating the degrees to which perceived emotional value and satisfaction influence loyalty intention.
Relaxing the Restrictions on the Temporary Movement of Natural Persons: A Simulation Analysis
( L. Alan Winters ),( Terrie L. Walmsley ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2005 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.20 No.4
While the liberalisation of trade has been at the forefront of the global agenda for many decades, the movement of natural persons remains heavily guarded. Nevertheless restrictions on the movement of natural persons across regions impose a cost on developing and developed economies that far exceeds that of trade restrictions on goods. This paper uses a global CGE model to investigate the extent of these costs, by examining the effects of an increase in developed countries` quotas on both skilled and unskilled temporary labour equivalent to 3% of their labour forces. The results confirm that restrictions on the movement of natural persons impose significant costs on nearly all countries (over $150 billion in all), and that those on unskilled labour are more burdensome than those on skilled labour.
A Simple, Effective Method for Bacterial Culture Storage: A Brief Technical Report
Ryan D Winters,Washington C Winn 대한미생물학회 2010 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.40 No.2
Maintenance of large collections of bacterial cultures can be challenging, as individual species may necessitate specific storage techniques, and many important organisms are famously difficult to sustain in culture. We present a simple, cost-effective, reliable method for long-term storage of bacterial strains suitable for fastidious species.
Trade Liberalisation and Poverty Dynamics in Vietnam
( L. Alan Winters ),( Yoko Niimi ),( Puja Vasudeva Dutta ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2007 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.22 No.4
This paper explores the poverty impact of Vietnam`s trade liberalisation over the 1990s and asks how well they could have been predicted from prior data. We identify policy changes and their major effects on trade and prices. We then seek the effects of these changes in a panel comprising 4,302 households observed in 1993 and 1998. Using a multinomial logit model, we find evidence that trade liberalisation influenced household poverty status and that considering trade effects would help to identify winners and losers a priori. We also find evidence that trade liberalisation reduced poverty substantially over the period 1993-1998.
Transport Costs and "Natural" Integration in Mercosur
Amjadi, Azita,Winters, L. Alan 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1999 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.14 No.4
The paper explores the argument that trade between the Mercosur countries should be stimulated by preferential policies because of their geographic proximity. That is, that the Mercosur countries are candidates for "natural" intergration. The paper finds that, on average, transportation margins on trade within Mercosur and between Mercosur and Chile are about 6 percentage points lower than on trade with the rest of the world. That is a significant margin, and one that was reflected in the countries' trade patterns even before regional trade agreements reduced the policy-based barriers to mutual trade. But it is probably not large enough, in and of itself (without other benefits), to make the introduction of trade preferences desirable. The paper also explores the argument that absolutely high transportation costs between Mercosur and the rest of the world (that is, not relative to intra-Mercosur costs) justify regional trade preferences. For this to apply the introduction of trade preferences must cause the Mercousur countries to cease importing some goods from the rest of the world completely. While Mercosur-rest-of-the-world transport costs certainly are high, trade patterns suggest that very few goods will cease to be imported from the rest of the world. (JEL-Classifications: F15, R40)
Transport Costs and "Natural" Integration in Mercosur
( Azita Amjadi ),( L. Alan Winters ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1999 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.14 No.4
The paper explores the argument that trade between the Mercosur countries should be stimulated by preferential policies because of their geographic proximity. That is, that the Mercosur countries are candidates for "natural" integration. The paper finds that, on average, transportation margins on trade within Mercosur and between Mercosur and Chile are about 6 percentage points lower than on trade with the rest of the world. That is a significant margin, and one that was reflected in the countries` trade patterns even before regional trade agreements reduced the policy-based barriers to mutual trade. But it is probably not large enough, in and of itself (without other benefits), to make the introduction of trade preferences desirable. The paper also explores the argument that absolutely high transportation costs between Mercosur and the rest of the world (that is, not relative to intra-Mercosur costs) justify regional trade preferences. For this to apply the introduction of trade preferences must cause the Mercosur countries to cease importing some goods from the rest of the world completely. While Mercosur---rest-of-the-world transport costs certainly are high, trade patterns suggest that very few goods will cease to be imported from the rest of the world. (JEL- Classifications: F15, R40)