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SOCIAL NETWORKS AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE IN CHINA
Winn, Jane K. 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2002 Global economic review Vol.31 No.2
Communications technologies that make up the emerging global information infrastructure have the power to regulate online behavior. Social networks in Chinese society have survived the growth of formal legal institutions and liberalization of China's economy, but it is not clear whether they can survive the regulatory pressures created by global information technology networks. The spread of electronic commerce technologies in China may strengthen legal institutions and open local markets to international competition, but is likely to be resisted by all the same interests that resist those changes in other contexts. The Chinese response to the spread of electronic commerce might take several forms: assimilation; marginalization; or localization of new forms of commercial activity that rely on new technologies.
Sustainability-A Paradigm for Community Development
Winn, Karri 한국국제지역사회개발학회 2001 地域社會開發學術誌 Vol.11 No.1
The same socio-economic development forces that are damaging natural systems are also endangering human cultural well-being and thus are causing a shift in development praxis. The challenge to community professionals is to begin thinking of Sustainability as a vision or guiding process rather than a project of development. This requires new conceptual tools that stem from the science of Sustainability for planning and creating civic participation within this vision.
Consideration of Ground Stress Relaxation Factor in Tunnel Support Design
( Kar Winn ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2
As a tunnel is excavated in rock, there is a certain amount of deformation, usually over 50% of the final tunnel roof deformation, before the support can be installed. It was termed as “Ground Stress Relaxation” (the amount of tunnel roof deformation prior to support installation) and should be considered in the analysis to reflect the actual ground situation. Determining this deformation can be done using either (a) observed field values or (b) numerically from 3D finite element models or axisymmetric finite element models or (c) by using empirical relationships such as those proposed by Panet (1982) or Valachopoulos and Diederichs (2009). In this paper, the ground stress relaxation factor is determined by using RS3 (Rocscience Inc.) code in one underground excavation project in sedimentary rock masses of Singapore. The comparison of final outcome between applying and without applying this factor will be presented here. It will be analysed using RS2 (Rocscience Inc.) program on the underground storage cavern excavation project. Finally the influence of this factor in the design consideration will be summarized and recommended to be used for economical design.
SOCIAL NETWORKS AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE IN CHINA
Jane K. Winn 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2002 Global economic review Vol.31 No.2
Communications technologies that make up the emerging global information infrastructure have the power to regulate online behavior. Social networks in Chinese society have survived the growth of formal legal institutions and liberalization of China’s economy, but it is not clear whether they can survive the regulatory pressures created by global information technology networks. The spread of electronic commerce technologies in China may strengthen legal institutions and open local markets to international competition, but is likely to be resisted by all the same interests that resist those changes in other contexts. The Chinese response to the spread of electronic commerce might take several forms: assimilation; marginalization; or localization of new forms of commercial activity that rely on new technologies.