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First Strike Hypersonic Weapons: The End of the “MAD” Doctrine and Peace for Our Time?
Wilson Kia onn Wong 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2021 Pacific Focus Vol.36 No.3
Since the conclusion of the Second World War, the world's great powers (i.e., the United States, Russia, and China) have been locked in an escalating race to develop the next game-changing weapon. The pivotal weapon examined in this paper is hypersonics. The desire to master hypersonic weaponry is particularly strong amongst the “lesser powers” or “Davids” (e.g., Iran and North Korea), as they hold the belief that hypersonics are the “Assassin's Mace” that will grant them the critical first strike advantage against the militarily superior great powers. This study examines the intensifying “hypersonics arms race” between these nations and more importantly, the potential of this increasingly contentious rivalry to destabilize the tenuous world peace purportedly effected by the “Mutual Assured Destruction” (“MAD”) doctrine. Even if this “hypersonics arms race” does not lead to another global conflict, it does serve to flame regional tensions in the Middle East and Northeast Asia, ultimately setting the scene for proxy wars, as the great powers could ply their respective allies with hypersonics technology, with the aim of furthering their own strategic agendas.
Rachel Yi-Xin Ng,Yi-Sheng Wong,Joshua-Yi Yeo,Crystal Ling-Zhen Koh,Cynthia Wilson,Samuel Ken-En Gan 한국식품연구원 2018 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.5 No.3
Background: Dietary quality, biological health, culture, religiosity, and perceived stress are co-related. However, there is a dearth of research conducted on Asian populations in secularized and harmonious multicultural societies. Methods: This study addresses these gaps by conducting an investigation in the multicultural and multireligious Singapore to examine the parameters of culture and gender and the associations with (1) dietary quality, (2) biological health indicators, (3) religiosity, and (4) perceived stress. One hundred fifty participants (18e60 years old) were recruited, and their blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage (BF%) were also measured along with a 5-part questionnaire on demographics, dietary practice, food frequency, religiosity, and perceived stress. Results and conclusion: Results showed that cultural differences are associated with certain dietary practices, where the three ethnic groups of Chinese, Malays, and Indians significantly differed in their choices of meal locations such as Western fast food restaurants (H ¼ 12.369, p ¼ .002061*). Our analysis revealed that perceived stress significantly correlated with fat intake (rs ¼ .169, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .03865) and sugar intake (rs ¼ .172, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .03575). On the other hand, biological parameters such as diastolic BP (rs ¼ .0473, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .565), systolic BP (rs¼ .00972, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .906), BMI (rs ¼ .0403, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .6246), and BF% (rs ¼ .110, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .1811) did not have significant correlations with perceived stress. Similarly, religiosity did not significantly correlate with perceived stress (rs ¼ .025, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .7616). In conclusion, our findings provide insights into the changing intersection of food practices mitigated by ethnicity, religiosity, stress, and gender in the harmonious multiracial and multicultural Singapore.
Phua, Mui-How,Ling, Zia-Yiing,Wong, Wilson,Korom, Alexius,Ahmad, Berhaman,Besar, Normah A.,Tsuyuki, Satoshi,Ioki, Keiko,Hoshimoto, Keigo,Hirata, Yasumasa,Saito, Hideki,Takao, Gen Institute of Forest Science 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.2
Estimating above-ground biomass is important in establishing an applicable methodology of Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) System for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation-Plus (REDD+). We developed an estimation model of diameter at breast height (DBH) from IKONOS-2 image that led to above-ground biomass estimation (AGB). The IKONOS image was preprocessed with dark object subtraction and topographic effect correction prior to watershed segmentation for tree crown delineation. Compared to the field observation, the overall segmentation accuracy was 64%. Crown detection percent had a strong negative correlation to tree density. In addition, satellite-based crown area had the highest correlation with the field measured DBH. We then developed the DBH allometric model that explained 74% of the data variance. In average, the estimated DBH was very similar to the measured DBH as well as for AGB. Overall, this method can potentially be applied to estimate AGB over a relatively large and remote tropical forest in Northern Borneo.
Mui-How Phua,Zia-Yiing Ling,Wilson Wong,Alexius Korom,Berhaman Ahmad,Normah A. Besar,Satoshi Tsuyuki,Keiko Ioki,Keigo Hoshimoto,Yasumasa Hirata,Hideki Saito,Gen Takao 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.2
Estimating above-ground biomass is important in establishing an applicable methodology of Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) System for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation-Plus (REDD+). We developed an estimation model of diameter at breast height (DBH) from IKONOS-2 image that led to above-ground biomass estimation (AGB). The IKONOS image was preprocessed with dark object subtraction and topographic effect correction prior to watershed segmentation for tree crown delineation. Compared to the field observation, the overall segmentation accuracy was 64%. Crown detection percent had a strong negative correlation to tree density. In addition, satellite-based crown area had the highest correlation with the field measured DBH. We then developed the DBH allometric model that explained 74% of the data variance. In average, the estimated DBH was very similar to the measured DBH as well as for AGB. Overall, this method can potentially be applied to estimate AGB over a relatively large and remote tropical forest in Northern Borneo.