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박상욱,Sarah M. Smith,Anthony I. Cognato,Roger A. Beaver 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.2
A catalogue of the fauna of Korean Xyleborine species is provided with information on the Korean records,local and world distribution and taxonomy. The following seven new species and 11 newlyrecorded species are added to the Korean fauna: Cyclorhipidion laciniosum Park & Smith sp. nov.,Cyclorhipidion triste Park & Smith sp. nov., Microperus molestus Park & Smith sp. nov., Xyleborinuskwangreungensis Park & Smith sp. nov., Xyleborus singhi Park & Smith sp. nov., Xylosandrus dentipennisPark & Smith sp. nov., Xylosandrus trunculus Park & Smith sp. nov., Cyclorhipidion fukiense (Eggers),Cyclorhipidion japonicum (Nobuchi), Cyclorhipidion laetum (Niisima), Diuncus haberkorni (Eggers), Dryoxylononoharaense (Murayama), Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford), Microperus quercicola (Eggers),Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, Xyleborus muticus Blandford, Xyleborus ohtoensis Nobuchi, and Xylosandruscompactus (Eichhoff). Two new combinations, Euwallacea praevius (Blandford) comb. nov. and Dryocoeteslongipilus (Eggers) comb. nov. (both from Xyleborus), are given. The record of Euwallacea minutusis removed from the Korean fauna.
Proceedings from the Ice Hockey Summit III: Action on Concussion
Aynsley M Smith(Aynsley M Smith ),Patrick A Alford(Patrick A Alford ),Mark Aubry(Mark Aubry ),Brian Benson(Brian Benson ),Amanda Black(Amanda Black ),Alison Brooks(Alison Brooks ),Charles Burke(Charle 사피엔시아 2019 Exercise Medicine Vol.3 No.-
Objectives: The Ice Hockey Summit III provided updated scientific evidence on concussions in hockey to inform these five objectives: (1) describe sport related concussion (SRC) epidemiology, (2) classify prevention strategies, (3) define objective, diagnostic tests, (4) identify treatment and (5) integrate science and clinical care into prioritized action plans and policy. Methods: Our action plan evolved from 40 scientific presentations. The 155 attendees (physicians, athletic trainers, physical therapists, nurses, neuropsychologists, scientists, engineers, coaches and officials) voted to prioritize these action items in the final Summit session. Results: (1) establish a national and international hockey data base for SRCs at all levels; (2) eliminate body checking in Bantam youth hockey games; (3) expand a behavior modification program (Fair Play) to all youth hockey levels; (4) enforce game ejection penalties for fighting in Junior A and professional hockey leagues; (5) establish objective tests to diagnose concussion at point of care (POC); and (6) mandate baseline testing to improve concussion diagnosis for all age groups. Conclusions: Expedient implementation of the Summit III prioritized action items is necessary to reduce the risk, severity and consequences of concussion in the sport of ice hockey.
Colin M. Smith(Colin M. Smith ),Morgan Santalucia(Morgan Santalucia ),Hannah Bunn(Hannah Bunn ),Andrew Muzyk(Andrew Muzyk ) 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.2
Acute agitation is common amongst individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and represents a medical emergency. Commonly used medications for agitation, such as benzodiazepines and antipsychotics, are often delivered intramuscularly and may cause adverse effects. Non-invasive, effective, and safe alternative treatment options are needed. The purpose of this review article is to describe the efficacy and safety of sublingual formulation of dexmedetomidine (Igalmi), a selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of acute agitation in adults with schizophrenia or bipolar I and II disorder. In two phase 3 trials, two dose strengths of sublingual dexmedetomidine 180 μg and 120 μg were safe and effective in managing acute agitation in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Both doses significantly reduced Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Exited Component scores two hours after receiving a single dose as compared to placebo, indicating a substantial improvement in agitation. The beneficial effects of sublingual dexmedetomidine were achieved without serious adverse events with the most common side effect being mild somnolence. The clinical trial data suggest that sublingual dexmedetomidine represents a safe and effective treatment option in the armamentarium for acute agitation for people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Solution-Processed Complementary Resistive Switching Arrays for Associative Memory
Smith, Jeremy,Chung, Seungjun,Jang, Jaewon,Biaou, Carlos,Subramanian, Vivek Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.64 No.10
<P>Complementary resistive switches (CRS) based on back-to-back nanofilamentary resistive RAM devices have been fabricated by an all-solution-processed method, employing inkjet-printed Ag and Au contacts and a spin-coated sol-gel zirconium oxide dielectric layer. The devices demonstrate electrical switching behavior below 3 V, stable on-state windows, reasonable cycle lifetimes, and can be implemented in 2x2 memory arrays with no crosstalk during addressing. For reliable operation and high yields of the CRS devices, printing and annealing processes were carefully optimized to eliminate the coffeering effect on the bottom electrode, and produce a pin-hole free dielectric. The arrays are fully pulse programmable and are able to retain their state for > 10(4) s. Additionally, the arrays can be operated as associative or content addressable, memory for pattern matching applications, which is demonstrated through a basic hamming distance mapping measurement for different stored data states.</P>
ASSESSMENT OF CFD CODES USED IN NUCLEAR REACTOR SAFETY SIMULATIONS
Smith, Brian L. Korean Nuclear Society 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.4
Following a joint OECD/NEA-IAEA-sponsored meeting to define the current role and future perspectives of the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to nuclear reactor safety problems, three Writing Groups were created, under the auspices of the NEA working group WGAMA, to produce state-of-the-art reports on different aspects of the subject. The work of the second group, WG2, was to document the existing assessment databases for CFD simulation in the context of Nuclear Reactor Safety (NRS) analysis, to gain a measure of the degree of quality and trust in CFD as a numerical analysis tool, and to take initiatives to extend the existing databases. The group worked over the period of 2003-2007 and produced a final state-of-the-art report. The present paper summarises the material gathered during the study, illustrating the points with a few highlights. A total of 22 safety issues were identified for which the application of CFD was considered to potentially bring real benefits in terms of better understanding and increased safety. A list of the existing databases was drawn up and synthesised, both from the nuclear area and from other parallel, non-nuclear, industrial activities. The gaps in the technology base were also identified and discussed. In order to initiate new ways of bringing experimentalists and numerical analysts together, an international workshop -- CFD4NRS (the first in a series) -- was organised, a new blind benchmark activity was set up based on turbulent mixing in T-junctions, and a Wiki-type web portal was created to offer online access to the material put together by the group giving the reader the opportunity to update and extend the contents to keep the information source topical and dynamic.
Smith, Graham,Kato, Tomoko Korean Nuclear Society 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.1
Geological disposal is designed to provide safe containment of radioactive waste for very long times, with the containment provided by a combination of engineered and geological barriers. In the extreme long term, after many thousands of years or longer, residual amounts of long-lived radionulides such as Cl-36, but also radionuclides in the natural decay chains, may be released into the environment normally accessed and used by humans, termed here, the biosphere. It is necessary to ensure that any such releases meet radiation protection objectives through the development of a safety case, which will include assessment of radiation doses to humans. The design of such dose calculations over such long timeframes is not straightforward, because of the range of potentially relevant assumptions which could be made, concerning environmental change and changes in human behavior. These conceptual uncertainties are additional to those that more typically arise, for example, in the assessment of present day situations, but which also have to be addressed. The issue has therefore been subject to international cooperation for many years. This paper summarizes the evolution and results of that collaboration leading up to the present day, taking account of developments in international recommendations on radiation protection objectives and the more recent greater focus on preparation of site specific safety cases.
Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
Smith, Pete,Davis, Steven J.,Creutzig, Felix,Fuss, Sabine,Minx, Jan,Gabrielle, Benoit,Kato, Etsushi,Jackson, Robert B.,Cowie, Annette,Kriegler, Elmar,van Vuuren, Detlef P.,Rogelj, Joeri,Ciais, Philipp Nature Publishing Group 2016 Nature climate change Vol.6 No.1
<P>To have a >50% chance of limiting warming below 2 degrees C, most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs). These are technologies that result in the net removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. We quantify potential global impacts of the different NETs on various factors (such as land, greenhouse gas emissions, water, albedo, nutrients and energy) to determine the biophysical limits to, and economic costs of, their widespread application. Resource implications vary between technologies and need to be satisfactorily addressed if NETs are to have a significant role in achieving climate goals.</P>
SIPPING TEST: CHECKING FOR FAILURE OF FUEL ELEMENTS AT THE OPAL REACTOR
Smith, Michael Leslie,Bignell, Lindsey Jorden,Alexiev, Dimitri,Mo, Li Korean Nuclear Society 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.1
Sipping measurements were implemented at the Open Pool Australian Light water reactor (OPAL) to test for failure in reactor fuel elements. Fission product released by the fuel element into the pool water was measured using both High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detection via samples and a NaI(Tl) detection in-situ with the sipping device. Results from two fuel elements are presented.