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Immune evasion in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies
Vinay, D.S.,Ryan, E.P.,Pawelec, G.,Talib, W.H.,Stagg, J.,Elkord, E.,Lichtor, T.,Decker, W.K.,Whelan, R.L.,Kumara, H.M.C.S.,Signori, E.,Honoki, K.,Georgakilas, A.G.,Amin, A.,Helferich, W.G.,Boosani, C. Saunders Scientific Publications ; Academic Press 2015 SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY Vol.35 No.suppl
Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how cancers evade destructive immunity, measures to counteract tumor escape have not kept pace. There are a number of factors that contribute to tumor persistence despite having a normal host immune system. Immune editing is one of the key aspects why tumors evade surveillance causing the tumors to lie dormant in patients for years through ''equilibrium'' and ''senescence'' before re-emerging. In addition, tumors exploit several immunological processes such as targeting the regulatory T cell function or their secretions, antigen presentation, modifying the production of immune suppressive mediators, tolerance and immune deviation. Besides these, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis also play a critical role in tumor growth. A number of potential targets like promoting Th1, NK cell, γδ T cell responses, inhibiting Treg functionality, induction of IL-12, use of drugs including phytochemicals have been designed to counter tumor progression with much success. Some natural agents and phytochemicals merit further study. For example, use of certain key polysaccharide components from mushrooms and plants have shown to possess therapeutic impact on tumor-imposed genetic instability, anti-growth signaling, replicative immortality, dysregulated metabolism etc. In this review, we will discuss the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion and summarize the efficacy of various therapeutic measures and targets that have been developed or are being investigated to enhance tumor rejection.
An Uncommon Side Effect of a Commonly Used Antibiotic: Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid Induced Hepatitis
Vinay Mathew Thomas,Neena Thomas-Eapen 대한가정의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.38 No.5
Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid continues to be one of the most commonly used antibiotic combinations. Hepatic in-jury due to this antibiotic is rare. We report a case of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid induced hepatitis causing painless jaundice to bring to attention this rare side effect of this commonly used antibiotic. This is a case of a 62-year-old Caucasian female, who presented with acute onset severe painless jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and pruritus of less than 1-week duration. She had completed a course of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 3 weeks prior to presentation. A careful history pointed to this simple diagnosis. It may be easily missed without an in-depth history and the patient may be subjected to unnecessary expensive tests. This case is reported to highlight cost conscious care by keeping in mind a rare side effect of the commonly used antibiotic.
Vinay Kumar Banka,김영주,이윤상,정재민 대한방사성의약품학회 2020 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.6 No.2
[99mTc]Tc-Hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) is currently used as a regional cerebral blood flow imaging agent for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The HMPAO ligand exists in two isomeric forms: d,l and meso showing different properties in vivo. Later studies indicated that brain uptake patterns of 99mTc-complexes formed from separated enantiomers differed. Separation of enantiomers is difficult by fractional crystallizations method. Usually, the substance is obtained in low chemical yield in a time-consuming procedure. Furthermore, the final product still contains some impurity. So we have developed new efficient route for synthesis of R,R - and S,S -HMPAO enantiomeric compounds in 6-steps. Nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions of 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine either with S- (1a) or R-methyl-2-chloropropanoate (1b) were performed to produce compounds R,R- (2a) or S,S -isomer (2b) derivatives protected with benzylchloroformate (Cbz), respectively. And then Weinreb amide and methylation reaction using Grignard reagent, oxime formation with ketone group and deprotectiion of Cbz group by hydrogenolysis gave S,S- (7a) or R,R-HMPAO (7b), respectively. Entaniomeric compounds were synthesied with high yield and purity without any undesired product. The 7a or 7b kits containing 10 µg SnCl2-2H2O were labeled with 99mTc with high radiolabeling yield (90%).
TNF superfamily: Costimulation and clinical applications
Vinay, Dass S.,Kwon, Byoung S. Elsevier 2009 Cell biology international Vol.33 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The molecules concerned with costimulation belong either to the immunoglobulin (Ig) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. The tumor necrosis superfamily comprises molecules capable of providing both costimulation and cell death. In this review we briefly summarize certain TNF superfamily receptor–ligand pairs that are endowed with costimulatory properties and their importance in health and disease.</P>
Vinay Prasad Mandal,Sufia Rehman,Raihan Ahmed,Md. Masroor,Pavan Kumar,Haroon Sajjad 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.5
The main objective of the study is to assess land suitability for suggesting suitable crop sequences in Katihar district of Bihar, India. We first selected site-specific factors and assigned their weights using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for land suitability assessment. The layers of factors were integrated to prepare land suitability map. The findings revealed that of the total area (3.05 million ha), the largest area (48.5%) was marginally suitable for agriculture followed by moderately suitable (30.8%) and highly suitable (2.9%). Nearly 17.8% area was found unsuitable for agriculture. Rice–maize– rice, rice–maize–jute and maize–maize–rice were found suitable crop sequences in all suitability classes. Multilinear regression analysis between land suitability and factors shows that soil texture, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, pH and drainage proximity influenced land suitability. The study suggested soil reclamation, application of adequate amount of fertilizers, assured irrigation and flood control for sustainable crop sequences in the study area. Land restoration and soil reclamation measures should be taken to transform unsuitable areas for crop cultivation. Use of integrated geographical information system and AHP approach for analyzing land suitability and crop sequences may add a new dimension in spatial information science.
Immunotherapy Targeting 4-1BB and Its Ligand
Vinay, Dass S.,Kwon, Byoung S. Springer-Verlag 2006 International journal of hematology Vol.83 No.1
<P>T-cell activation in the absence of costimulation is futile because T-cells deprived of costimulatory signals enter a state of unresponsiveness or anergy. The interaction of 4-1BB and 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) activates an important costimulatory pathway with diverse and important roles in immune regulation. Signals relayed through 4-1BB generate strong CD8(+) T-cell responses rather than CD4(+) T-cell responses; this action results in cytokine induction and promotes T-cell survival. In recent years, 4-1BB-mediated immune regulation has gained great significance because of the seemingly contradictory dual roles of agonistic anti-4-1BB in vivo disease models. To date, agonistic 4-1BB monoclonal antibody has shown therapeutic potential against a variety of tumors, CD4(+) T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, and chronic graft-versus-host disease. In addition, blockade of 4-1BB/4-1BBL interaction has produced therapeutic effects against coxsackievirus-induced myocardial inflammation, herpetic stromal keratitis, and graft rejection. We propose that the dual roles of agonistic anti-4-1BB--an enhanced effector function and a suppressor function--are mediated by a novel CD11c(+)CD8(+) T-cell population.</P>
Numerical investigation of a star's trajectory in binary Quasar system
VINAY KUMAR,BEENA R GUPTA,RAJIV AGGARWAL 장전수학회 2016 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.26 No.3
In this paper, we have considered Time-Frequency analysis (TFA) based on wavelets for the identification and classification of trajectories in a nonlinear dynamical model. Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) is the relatively fast method. Ridge-plots (Time-frequency landscape) obtained from Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) extracts instantaneous frequency from the phase of continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The nonlinear model considered in the analysis is the binary system of quasars hosted in the pair of interacting disk galaxies introduced recently. We have characterized the different type of trajectories like periodic, quasi-periodic, chaotic sticky, chaotic non-sticky, weakly and strongly chaotic. We have shown a comparative study between Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) and a well-established method Lyapunov Characteristic Exponent (LCE). We have also presented the graphs explaining the phenomenon of transient chaos and resonance trapping.