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Responsible Competitiveness : Exploring the Link Between CSR and Core Competitiveness Factors
Marc Vilanova 피터드러커 소사이어티 2010 창조와 혁신 Vol.3 No.2
This paper explores the issue of responsible competitiveness, understood as the process through which companies embed CSR policies in core business competitiveness factors for the organization. That is, the paper aims to investigate how companies understand CSR, how they turn CSR strategies into policies and practices, how such policies and practices impact business processes, and how such impact affects firm competitiveness. Responsible competitiveness is explored through a literature review and four qualitative case studies using in-depth interviews and secondary data. I conclude that there is a direct and positive relation between CSR and competitiveness, but different for each company and usually perceived rather than measured. Finally, I suggest that responsible competitiveness should not be confronted using the same tools and processes used to implement other business processes, as it requires a different management approach.
Pascual Javier,Rodríguez Alejandro,Delgado Clara Elena,Rizo-Patróe;n Alejandra,Porcar Manuel,Vilanova Cristina 한국미생물·생명공학회 2022 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.50 No.1
The effluents from industries processing vegetable oils are extremely rich in sulfates, often exceeding the maximum concentration allowed to release them to the environment. Biological sulfate reduction is a promising alternative for the removal of sulfates in this type of wastewater, which has other particularities such as an acidic pH. The ability to reduce sulfates has been widely described for a particular bacterial group (SRB: sulfate-reducing bacteria), although the reports describing its application for the treatment of sulfate-rich industrial wastewaters are scarce. In this work, we describe the use of a natural SRB-based consortium able to remove above 30% of sulfates in the wastewater from one of the largest edible oil industries in Peru. Metataxonomic analysis was used to analyse the interdependencies established between SRB and the native microbiota present in the wastewater samples, and the performance of the consortium was quantified for different sulfate concentrations in laboratory-scale reactors. Our results pave the way towards the use of this consortium as a low-cost, sustainable alternative for the treatment of larger volumes of wastewater coming from this type of industries.
Pereira, Paula,Pedrosa, Sí,lvia S.,Wymant, Jennifer M.,Sayers, Edward,Correia, Alexandra,Vilanova, Manuel,Jones, Arwyn T.,Gama, Francisco M. American Chemical Society 2015 MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS Vol.12 No.6
<P>Glycol chitosan nanogels have been widely used in gene, drug, and contrast agent delivery in an effort to improve disease diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we evaluate the internalization mechanisms and intracellular fate of previously described glycol chitosan nanogels decorated with folate to target the folate receptor. Uptake of the folate-decorated nanogel was impaired by free folate, suggesting competitive inhibition and shared internalization mechanisms via the folate receptor. Nanogel uptake was shown to occur mainly through flotillin-1 and Cdc42-dependent endocytosis. This was determined by inhibition of uptake reduction observed upon siRNA depletion of these two proteins and the pathways that they regulate. The data also suggest the involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in nanogel uptake via macropinocytosis. After 7 h of incubation with HeLa cells, approximately half of the nanogel population was localized in endolysosomal compartments, whereas the remaining 50% of the material was in undefined regions of the cytoplasm. Glycol chitosan nanogels may thus have potential as drug delivery vectors for targeting different intracellular compartments.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mpohbp/2015/mpohbp.2015.12.issue-6/mp500785t/production/images/medium/mp-2014-00785t_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/mp500785t'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Silva-Carvalho, Ricardo,Silva, Joao P.,Ferreirinha, Pedro,Leitao, Alexandre F.,Andrade, Fabia K.,da Costa, Rui M. Gil,Cristelo, Cecilia,Rosa, Morsyleide F.,Vilanova, Manuel,Gama, F. Miguel Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.1
In view of the growing industrial use of Bacterial cellulose (BC), and taking into account that it might become airborne and be inhaled after industrial processing, assessing its potential pulmonary toxic effects assumes high relevance. In this work, the murine model was used to assess the effects of exposure to respirable BC nanofibrils (nBC), obtained by disintegration of BC produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages ($BMM{\Phi}$) were treated with different doses of nBC (0.02 and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively 1 and $10{\mu}g$ of fibrils) in absence or presence of 0.2% Carboxymethyl Cellulose (nBCMC). Furthermore, mice were instilled intratracheally with nBC or nBCMC at different concentrations and at different time-points and analyzed up to 6 months after treatments. Microcrystaline $Avicel-plus^{(R)}$ CM 2159, a plant-derived cellulose, was used for comparison. Markers of cellular damage (lactate dehydrogenase release and total protein) and oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxidase, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity) as well presence of inflammatory cells were evaluated in brochoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. Histological analysis of lungs, heart and liver tissues was also performed. BAL analysis showed that exposure to nBCMC or CMC did not induce major alterations in the assessed markers of cell damage, oxidative stress or inflammatory cell numbers in BAL fluid over time, even following cumulative treatments. $Avicel-plus^{(R)}$ CM 2159 significantly increased LDH release, detected 3 months after 4 weekly administrations. However, histological results revealed a chronic inflammatory response and tissue alterations, being hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries (observed 3 months after nBCMC treatment) of particular concern. These histological alterations remained after 6 months in animals treated with nBC, possibly due to foreign body reaction and the organism's inability to remove the fibers. Overall, despite being a safe and biocompatible biomaterial, BC-derived nanofibrils inhalation may lead to lung pathology and pose significant health risks.
Ricardo Silva-Carvalho,Joao P. Silva,Pedro Ferreirinha,Alexandre F. Leitao,Fabia K. Andrade,Rui M. Gil da Costa,Cecilia Cristelo,Morsyleide F. Rosa,Manuel Vilanova,F. Miguel Gama 한국독성학회 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.1
In view of the growing industrial use of Bacterial cellulose (BC), and taking into account that it might become airborne and be inhaled after industrial processing, assessing its potential pulmonary toxic effects assumes high relevance. In this work, the murine model was used to assess the effects of exposure to respirable BC nanofibrils (nBC), obtained by disintegration of BC produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMΦ) were treated with different doses of nBC (0.02 and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively 1 and 10 μg of fibrils) in absence or presence of 0.2% Carboxymethyl Cellulose (nBCMC). Furthermore, mice were instilled intratracheally with nBC or nBCMC at different concentrations and at different time-points and analyzed up to 6 months after treatments. Microcrystaline Avicel-plus® CM 2159, a plant-derived cellulose, was used for comparison. Markers of cellular damage (lactate dehydrogenase release and total protein) and oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxidase, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity) as well presence of inflammatory cells were evaluated in brochoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. Histological analysis of lungs, heart and liver tissues was also performed. BAL analysis showed that exposure to nBCMC or CMC did not induce major alterations in the assessed markers of cell damage, oxidative stress or inflammatory cell numbers in BAL fluid over time, even following cumulative treatments. Avicel-plus® CM 2159 significantly increased LDH release, detected 3 months after 4 weekly administrations. However, histological results revealed a chronic inflammatory response and tissue alterations, being hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries (observed 3 months after nBCMC treatment) of particular concern. These histological alterations remained after 6 months in animals treated with nBC, possibly due to foreign body reaction and the organism’s inability to remove the fibers. Overall, despite being a safe and biocompatible biomaterial, BC-derived nanofibrils inhalation may lead to lung pathology and pose significant health risks.