목재가 선적된 선창에서 발생한 산소결핍에 의한 질식사

김동훈,김기권,장태정,김정란,이구,김수근,임현술 大韓法醫學會 2001 대한법의학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Oxygen deficiency has been frequent in a clouted space. Wood consumes oxygen and discharges carbon dioxide Instead of photosynthesis in closed space without light, so do some microorganisms on the surface. We experienced a case that a healthy Insect-proofer fell down and died of asphyxia on stair-board at 7 m below the hatch of the cargo-hold shipping wood Analysis of gases in cargo-hold revealed O2; 12.3%, CO; 105 ppm, CH4; 2.7%, and H2S; 1.9% at 1 m below the hatch, and then O2; 6.1%, CO; 220 ppm, CH4; 2.9%, and H2S, 2.3 ppm at 2.5 m below the hatch. Autopsy findings were unremarkable. We justiced the cause of death asphyxia due to oxygen deficiency. As seen in this case, the serious oxygen deficiency was accounted for oxygen consumption by wood and microorganisms.

녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험

장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3

목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.

한반도 바람지도 구축에 관한 연구 : I. 원격탐사자료를 이용한 해상풍력자원 평가 I. Evaluation of Offshore Wind Resources Using Remote-Sensing Data

김현구,이화운,정우식 한국대기환경학회 2005 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.21 No.1

In order to understand regional wind characteristics and to estimate offshore wind resources, a wind map of the Korean Peninsula was established using remote-sensing data from the satellite, U.S. NASA QuikSCAT which has been deployed for the SeaWinds Project since 1999. According to the linear regression result between the wind map data and in-situ marine-buoy data, the correlation factor was greatly improved up to 0.87 by blending the remote-sensing data of QuikSCAT with U.S. NCEP/NCAR CDAS reanalysis data to eliminate precipitation interference and to increase temporal resolution. It is found from the established wind map that the wind speed in winter is prominent temporally and the South Sea shows spatially high energy density over the wind class 6. The reason is deduced that the north-west winds through the Yellow Sea and the north-east winds through the East Sea derived by the low pressure developed in Japan are accelerated passing through the Korea Channel and formed high wind energy region in the South Sea; the same trends are confirmed from the statistical analysis of the meteorological observation data of KMA.

대관령지역 안개의 화학조성(2002)

김현진,김만구 강원대학교 부속 환경연구소 2004 Journal of the Environment Vol.1 No.-

Cloud/fog water was collected at Daekwanreung, a typical clean environmental area, by using an active fog sampler during the foggy period in 2002. The pH ranged from 3.6 to 6.5 with a mean of 5.0, but the pH^(+) calculated from average concentrations of H^(+) was 4.4 SO₄^(2­), NO₃and NH₄^(+) were predominant ions with average concentrations of 473.3, 463.3 and 576.0ueq/ℓ, respectively. This showed that cloud/fog water was slightly acidified, but the concentrations of major pollutants were as high as those for polluted area, suggesting long range transport of pollutants. Samples were categorized into four groups(E, W, S, N) by applying 48-h back trajectory analysis using the Hybrid Single-Particle Largrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. Concentrations of seasalt (Na^(+) and CI^(-) were the highest for group E, indicating large input of seasalts by air masses transported from the East Sea. The concentrations of SO₄^(2­) were slightly higher in group N and group W than those in group S and group E. However, the concentrations of NO₃^(3­) were significantly higher in group W than those in other three groups. The medians of cloud/fog water pH for group N and W was below 4.5, which is significantly lower than those in group E and group S. This suggests that the acidifying pollutants were mainly transported from the Asia continents and cause acidification of the cloud/fog water in Daekwanreung. The large discrepancy in the concentrations of NO₃^(3­) in group N and group W showed that NO₃^(3­) was mainly transported from the Seoul metropolitan area.

N₂O 가스로 열산화된 게이트 산화막의 전기적 특성

김태형,김창일,최현식,장의구,서용진,이철인 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1992 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

미래의 ULSI 소자의 게이트 산화막으로 이용하기 위하여 N₂O 가스 분위기에서 기존의 전기로를 이용한 실리콘의 열산화에 의해 N₂O 산화막을 형성하였고, MOS 소자를 제작하여 전기적 특성을 고찰하였다. 900℃에서 90분간 산화한 N₂O 산화막의 경우, 플랫밴드 전압(??), 고정전하밀도(??)와 플랫밴드 전압의 변화량(??)은 각각 0.81 [V], ?? [??]와 80∼95[mV]를 나타내었다. N₂O 산화막의 전기전도기구는 저전계 영역에서는 Fowler-Nordheim 터널링, 고전계영역에서는 Poole-Frenkel 방출이 지배적으로 나타났고, 절연파괴전계는 16 [MV/㎝]로 높게 나타났다. 따라서 N₂O 산화로 형성된 게이트 산화막이 ULSI 소자의 게이트 유전체로 응용이 가능하리라 생각된다. In order to applicate gate insulators in future ULSI devices, electrical properties was investigated in MOS device with N₂O oxide grown by thermal oxidation using conventional furnace in N₂O ambient. For the sample oxidized at 900℃ for 90 min, Flatband voltage(??), fixed charge density(??) and shifts of flatband voltage(??) after BTS was obtained 0.81 [V], ?? [??] and 80∼95[mV], respectively. The dominant conduction mechanism of N₂O oxide appeared to be Fowler-Nordheim tunneling in the low electrical field region(4-6 [MV/㎝]) and to be Poole-Frenkel emission in the high electrical field region( 9 [MV/㎝] or above). Dielectrics breakdown fields of N₂O oxide appeared about 16 [MV/㎝]. These results suggest that the N₂O oxides is a promising candidate for ultrathin gate dielectric for MOS ULSI applications.

대규모 주택단지내의 인공구조물에 의한 숭온화효과에 관한 연구

김해동,이송옥,구현숙 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.7

In mid-August 2002, under clear summer pressure patterns, we carried out an intensive meteorological observation to examine the warming effects due to artificial constructions in a large housing complex. We set an automatic weather system(AWS) at two places in a bare soil surface within a limited development district and an asphalt surface within a large apartment residence area, respectively. As a result of observation, it became clear that the difference of the surface air(ground) temperature between the bare soil surface and its peripheral asphalt area reached about 4℃(13℃) at the maximum from diurnal variation of surface temperatures on AWS data. Through the heat balance analysis using measurement data, it became clear that the thermal conditions at two places are dependent on the properties of surface material. The latent heat flux over the bare soil surface reached to about 300 W/m², which is more than a half of net radiation during the daytime. On the other hand, it was nearly zero over the asphalt surface. Hence, the sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface was far more than that of the bare soil surface. The sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface showed about 20~30 W/m² during the night. It was released from asphalt surface which have far more heat capacity than that of bare soil surface.

전착법에 의해 제작된 Ni-Fe-P 비정질 합금막의 구조적 열적 특성

김현구,문미숙 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 自然科學硏究 Vol.21 No.1

A study of the fabrication and characterization of amorphous Ni-Fe-P alloys was carried out using a X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Vickers hardness. Amorphous Ni-Fe-P alloys were electrodeposited in normal Watt's type bathe contaning FeSO_4 (10∼100g) and H_3PO_3 (0∼10g). The copper substrates with the deposited alloy was used as the working electrod, with platinum plate as the counter electrode. The electrodeposited Ni-Fe-P amorphous alloys showed broad peaks in the XRD patterns. In the EDX experiment, the Ni and P content of the alloys increased with increasing phosphoric acid concentration, whereas the Fe concent decreased with increasing P content in Ni-Fe-P amorphous alloys. In the DSC experiment, crystallization temperature (T_x), peak temperature (T_p) and enthalphy (△H) was 370.6℃, 381.8℃ and 171.6mJ/mg for current density 2A/dm^2, phosphoric acid 5g/l, and FeSO_4 20g/l concentration, respectively. The T_x, T_p, and △H increased as the ferrous sulfate concentration increased. The amorphous Ni-Fe-P deposites after being heat treated up to 450℃ produced Ni_3P, Ni_3Fe and Fe_3P. The hardness of the as-deposited Ni-Fe-P amorphous alloys was 100Hv and 150Hv after being heat treated up to 400℃ for 1h.

SNMP를 이용한 무선 AP 관리 시스템 구현 및 분석

김현우,이구연 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2008 정보통신논문지 Vol.12 No.-

Traffic through wireless LANs increases dramatically due to the increase of notebook and PDA users. Therefore, network administrators need to optimize wireless networks by analyzing user groups, traffic patterns according to locations to avoid network bottlenecks and overloads. In this paper, we implement a wireless access point(AP) management system using SNMP which monitors traffic load of each AP and redistributes heavy traffic among APs for load balancing. The system also does packet format analysis and detect packets containing special text patterns. We measure and analyze the traffic load of the implemented system and show that the system is very useful when a wireless network having many APs has heavy traffic.

풍력발전 단지조성을 위한 바람환경 분석

김현구,최재우,손정봉,정우식,이화운 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.6

An analysis of wind environments using computational fluid dynamics and an evaluation of wind resources using measurement data obtained from meteorological observation sites at Homi-Cape, Pohang have been carrid out for siting a wind farm. It was shown that a numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics would provide reliable wind resource map in complex terrain with land-sea breeze condition. As a result of this investigation, Homi-Cape wind farm with 11.25 MW capacity has been designed for maximum power generation and 25.7GWh electricity production is predicted.

?裂囊腫의 外科的 治驗 1例

金命來,唐鉉九 대한악안면성형외과학회 1986 대한악안면성형외과학회지 Vol.8 No.1