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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Venkatachalam, G. (검색결과 35 건)
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Venkatachalam, P.,Geetha, N.,Jayabalan, N.,Saravanababu, S. 한국식물학회 1998 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.41 No.4
Cell suspensions derived from immature leaves of the groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were cultured in the presence and absence of Cercosporidium personation pathotoxic culture filtrates. Cell viability and reactions of cell lines were determined after exposure to various concentrations (25-100%, v/v) of the filtrates. Cell lines have been selected for resistance to the toxin(s) produced by C. personatum. Selected cell lines were used for plant regeneration on regeneration media containing C. personatum culture filtrates. Plant regeneration frequency was found to be low in long-term cultures, whereas it was high in short-term cultures. The selfed progeny of the plants regenerated from the resistant cell lines showed resistance to the pathogen in the field. Six out of 82 plants exhibited enhanced resistance in the R_2 generation. The culture filtrate stimulated callus proliferation as well as plant regeneration at lower concentrations, a response that could prove to be very useful for obtaining disease resistant plants through in vitro selection.
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Venkatachalam Vinothkumar,Chelliah Koventhan,Shen-Ming Chen,Yu-Feng Huang 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.109 No.-
In this study, the synthesis of neodymium nickelate (Nd2NiO4, NNO) nanoparticles with diverse temperatureswere developed by the simple coprecipitation method. The successfully prepared NNO was characterizedwith various spectroscopic instruments. The surface morphology, size, shape, composition,crystallinity, functionality, bonding, and the presence of elements of the nanoparticles were analyzedby suitable characterization techniques. The electrochemical features were investigated by electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry (EIS, CV, and DPV)methods. As results expected, the modified NNO-500/SPCE sensor displays low electron transfer resistance(Rct), high active surface area, and excellent electrocatalytic activity for the detection of prochlorperazine(PCP) rather than other electrodes. Under optimized electrochemical detections, the DPV studyrevealed a low limit of detection (LoD), and limit of quantification (LoQ) of 4 nM, and 14 nM with widelinearity of 0.025–1220 mM for PCP at the NNO-500 sensor. In addition, high selectivity, stability, precision,and satisfactory recoveries in biological samples for PCP detection. Thus, our study provides a simplisticbut effective method for constructing perovskite-type materials with excellent electrochemicalperformance.
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South Asia’s Economic Integration with East Asia: An Exploratory Analysis with a Focus on India
Venkatachalam Anbumozhi,KALIAPPA KALIRAJAN 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2020 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.35 No.1
Economic integration of South Asia and East Asia has been growing steadily since the 1990s, fuelled by domestic reforms and the emergence of regional supply chains. Within South Asia, India emerged as the largest trading partner and investment destination for East Asian economies. With its new Act East Policy, India has been proactively looking at free trade agreements with Association of Southeast Asian Nation and East Asia, which has brought benefits to South Asia in terms of improved trade and increased investment. This paper assesses the experience of the economic integration of South Asia and East Asia by addressing questions such as the extent of trade integration achieved and impediments to deepening integration. It found that trade and investment linkages are growing as well as casually related. However, attaining the full potential of economic integration is constrained by the insufficient depth in the use of existing trade agreements, barriers to service trade, and poor infrastructure connectivity. Expansion of Regional Comprehensive Economic Cooperation would significantly enhance economic integration of South Asia, particularly India, and East Asia.
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Venkatachalam, Perumal,Geetha, Natesan,Jayabalan, Narayanasamypillai 한국식물학회 1998 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.41 No.1
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of phytohormones on plant regeneration from epcotyl and hypocotyl explants of two groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars. Explants cultured on media with auxins and in combination with cytokinin produced high frequency of callus. After four weeks, callus from these culture was transferred to medium with cytokinin and reduced auxin, shoot buds regenerated from the cultures. A high rate of shoot bud regeneration was observed on medium supplemented with 2.0 ㎎/L BAP and 0.5 ㎎/L NAA. Among the different auxins tested, NAA was found to be most effective, producing the highest frequency of shoot buds per responding cultures. Of the two explants tested, epicotyl was found to be best for high frequency shoot bud regeneration. Multiple shoots arose on MS medium supplemented with BAP or kinetin (1.0-5.0 ㎎/L) plus IBA (1.0 ㎎/L), with maximum production occurring at 5.0 ㎎/L. The elongated shoots developed roots in vitro upon transfer to MS medium supplemented with NAA or IBA (0.5-2.0 ㎎/L) and kinetin (0.5 ㎎/L) for 15 days. In vitro produced plantlets, were transferred to soil and placed in a glasshouse developed successfully, matured, and set seeds.
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Vasudevan Venkatachalam,Sathish Dorairaj,Ajithan Chandrasekaran,Sathish Selvam,Manickavasagam Markandan 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.4
The production of transgenic watermelon through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with in vitro regen- eration system is a time-consuming, labor-intensive and genotype-dependent process. To acquire large number of transgenic watermelons in a shorter period of time, the half-seed explants were infected with Agrobacterium strain EHA 105 harboring pCAMBIA1301 with bar and gus genes. The factors affecting in planta transformation efficiency, such as co-cultivation duration, acetosyringone concentration, sonication duration and vacuum infiltration were assessed in the present study. The half-seed explants were sonicated for 3 min and 2 min vacuum infiltrated in Agrobacterium suspension and co-cultivated for 3 days with 100 µM acetosyringone showed maximum transformation efficiency. The transformed watermelon plants were selected against BASTA® and GUS, PCR, Southern hybridization analysis confirmed the transgene integration. The amenability of this established protocol was analyzed on four genotypes, in which the response of all genotypes was posi- tive, whereas Arka manik showed the higher transformation efficiency of 17%. The transformation protocol developed in the present study is efficient, economical and expeditious without the taking part of any tissue culture phases and produce a large number of transgenic lines within a short period of 56 days.
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Preparation and characterization of nano and microcrystalline ZnO thin films by PLD
S. Venkatachalam,Yoshinori Kanno 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.6
Nano and microcrystalline ZnO thin films were prepared on glass substrates using pulsed laser deposition technique under a vacuum of 3 × 10-7 Torr at different laser power density. Composition analyses show that the films deposited at low laser power density have more structural defects than the film deposited at high laser power density. It confirms that the content of Zn in free-state decreased greatly at high laser power density. Atomic force microscopy analysis shows that the surface roughness of the deposited films increases with an increase in laser power density. X-ray diffraction analyses show that all the films are oriented along (002) direction independently on the laser power density applied. The structural quality increases with an increase in laser power density. It is due to the fact that the increase of laser power density leads to the enhancement of peak intensity. The increase of laser power density reduces the film transmission in the visible range of the spectra. The optical band gap value is found to be in the range from 3.42 to 3.39 eV. It shows that the optical band gap value decreases with an increase in laser power density. FTIR analysis shows that the hydrated oxide content in the deposited films decreases with an increase in laser power density. Nano and microcrystalline ZnO thin films were prepared on glass substrates using pulsed laser deposition technique under a vacuum of 3 × 10-7 Torr at different laser power density. Composition analyses show that the films deposited at low laser power density have more structural defects than the film deposited at high laser power density. It confirms that the content of Zn in free-state decreased greatly at high laser power density. Atomic force microscopy analysis shows that the surface roughness of the deposited films increases with an increase in laser power density. X-ray diffraction analyses show that all the films are oriented along (002) direction independently on the laser power density applied. The structural quality increases with an increase in laser power density. It is due to the fact that the increase of laser power density leads to the enhancement of peak intensity. The increase of laser power density reduces the film transmission in the visible range of the spectra. The optical band gap value is found to be in the range from 3.42 to 3.39 eV. It shows that the optical band gap value decreases with an increase in laser power density. FTIR analysis shows that the hydrated oxide content in the deposited films decreases with an increase in laser power density.
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Chitra Devi Venkatachalam,Sarath Sekar,Sathish Raam Ravichandran,Mothil Sengottian,Karthikeyan Chinnusamy Sukumar,Dhinakar Chenniappan,Gnana Aravindh Ramachandran 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.3
The rising demand for cleaner energy among the nations has turned the focus from fossil fuel-based energy sources to renewables like biomass, solar, wind, etc. Biomass conversion to fuel has increased research in recent times due to its ease and availability throughout the year. Hydrothermal liquefaction is the process where biomass converts to a liquid product via complex reaction mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass and the improvements in the bio-crude yield using heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts. Many references have been reviewed to provide the sources for the process and have been critically well structured. This review also provided information regarding the reaction pathway for algal biomass and the effects of process parameters like temperature, residence time, pH, etc. The focus of the review is on the effects of various catalysts based on their dosage whose results collected from various sources have been tabulated. The review briefly discusses the applications of products formed during hydrothermal liquefaction after post-processing.
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Chitra Devi Venkatachalam,Sathish Raam Ravichandran,Mothil Sengottian 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.1
Thermochemical conversion is an effective process in production of biocrude. It mainly includes techniques such as torrefaction, liquefaction, gasification and pyrolysis in which Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) has the potential to produce significant energy resource. Algae, one of the third-generation feedstocks is placed in the top order for production of bio-oil compared to the first and second-generation feedstock, as the algae can get multiplied in shorter time with the uptake of greenhouse gases. In HTL, the subcritical water helps the biomass to undergo thermal depolymerisation and produce various chemicals such as nitrogenates, alkanes, phenolics, esters, etc. The produced “biocrude” or “bio-oil” may be further upgraded into value-added chemicals and fuels. In addition, the bio-gas and bio-char are also synthesized as by-products. This review provides an overview of different routes available for thermochemical conversion of biomass. It also provides an insight on the operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, dosage of catalyst and solvent for lignocellulosic and algal biomass under HTL environment. In extent, the article covers the conversion mechanism for these two feedstocks and also the effects of the operating parameters on the yield of biocrude are studied in detail.
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