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Fault Classification in Phase-Locked Loops Using Back Propagation Neural Networks
Jayabalan Ramesh,Ponnusamy Thangapandian Vanathi,Kandasamy Gunavathi 한국전자통신연구원 2008 ETRI Journal Vol.30 No.4
Phase-locked loops (PLLs) are among the most important mixed-signal building blocks of modern communication and control circuits, where they are used for frequency and phase synchronization, modulation, and demodulation as well as frequency synthesis. The growing popularity of PLLs has increased the need to test these devices during prototyping and production. The problem of distinguishing and classifying the responses of analog integrated circuits containing catastrophic faults has aroused recent interest. This is because most analog and mixed signal circuits are tested by their functionality, which is both time consuming and expensive. The problem is made more difficult when parametric variations are taken into account. Hence, statistical methods and techniques can be employed to automate fault classification. As a possible solution, we use the back propagation neural network (BPNN) to classify the faults in the designed charge-pump PLL. In order to classify the faults, the BPNN was trained with various training algorithms and their performance for the test structure was analyzed. The proposed method of fault classification gave fault coverage of 99.58%.
Jayabalan, Marimuthu,Rajarathinam, Kaniappanadar,Jayakumar, Muthukrishnan,Kil, Bong-Seop 한국식물학회 2001 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.44 No.4
We investigated the leaf shape, venation pattern, trichomes, stomata, and branching of the inflorescence axes in 15 varieties of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) growing in India. Working from our study objective, we were unable to identify any specific correlation between these macro -and micro- morphological characteristics and rubber content.
Jayabalan, R.,Baskaran, S.,Marimuthu, S.,Swaminathan, K.,Yun, S.E. The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.4
Kombucha tea is sugared black tea fermented with a consortium of bacteria and yeasts which forms tea fungus (Medusomyces gisevii) for 14 days. Kombucha tea is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health but very less scientific evidences are available in the literature. In the present study, the prophylactic and curative effect of black tea (unfermented black tea) and kombucha black tea (KBT) on aflatoxin $B_1$ induced liver damage was studied in male albino rats by analyzing hepatotoxicity markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase), lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). Histopathological analysis of liver tissue was also carried out. Results revealed that kombucha tea is more potent in preventing hepatotoxicity than unfermented black tea. The mechanism of hepatoprotection offered by KBT treatment may involve the facilitation of both antioxidant and detoxification processes in the liver.
Comparative Histomorphology on Low and High Rubber Yielding Guayule Varieties of India
Jayabalan, Marimuthu,Rajarathinam, Kaniappanadar,Jayakumar, Muthukrishnan,Kil, Bong-Seop The Ecological Society of Korea 2001 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.24 No.6
A preliminary comparative histodimensional studies, such as wood to bark ratio, total area of parenchyma cells and bast fibers, height and diameter of vascular rays, pith diameter and phenological parameters, height of the plant, perimeter of the stem, dry weight of the stem and leaves have been investigated for the low and high rubber bearing Guayule plants growing in same and different climatic regions of India. A plausible correlation is found between the percentage of rubber content and anatomical characters in the investigated varieties.
Shilpha Jayabalan,Pandian Subramani,Largia Muthiah Joe Virgin,Sohn Soo In,Ramesh Manikandan 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.5
The current study demonstrates an effective protocol for encapsulation of in vitro nodal segments of Solanum trilobatum L. for short-term storage. In a modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 8.8 µM 6-benzyl adenine (BA), 0.5 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 25 mM ammonium nitrate, a gelling matrix of 3% sodium alginate and 80 mM CaCl2.2H2O promoted the highest shoot regeneration frequency (98.4%). The effect of storage temperature, sucrose concentration, and storage time interval on shoot regrowth efficiency was assessed. Synthetic seeds maintained at culture room temperature (25 °C) were shown to be more competent than low-temperature storage (8 °C and 4 °C), with better regeneration efficiency (82.2%). The alginate matrix added with 1.5% sucrose increased the storage potential of synthetic seeds up to 12 weeks with a regeneration frequency of 57.7%. Using start codon-targeted polymorphic (SCoT) markers, the genetic fidelity of plants regrown after 12 weeks of storage was assessed. The SCoT fingerprinting approach has confirmed the post-storage genetic stability of recovered plants with their in vitro source. The present investigation is the first report on the development of synthetic seeds of S. trilobatum L., which would greatly facilitate germplasm conservation and exchange of this invaluable medicinal plant.
R. Jayabalan,S. Baskaran,S. Marimuthu,K. Swaminathan,S. E. Yun 한국응용생명화학회 2010 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.53 No.4
Kombucha tea is sugared black tea fermented with a consortium of bacteria and yeasts which forms tea fungus (Medusomyces gisevii) for 14 days. Kombucha tea is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health but very less scientific evidences are
( R. Jayabalan ),( S. Baskaran ),( S. Marimuthu ),( K. Swaminathan ),( S. E. Yun ) 한국응용생명화학회 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.4
Kombucha tea is sugared black tea fermented with a consortium of bacteria and yeasts which forms tea fungus (Medusomyces gisevii) for 14 days. Kombucha tea is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health but very less scientific evidences are available in the literature. In the present study, the prophylactic and curative effect of black tea (unfermented black tea) and kombucha black tea (KBT) on aflatoxin B1 induced liver damage was studied in male albino rats by analyzing hepatotoxicity markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase), lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). Histopathological analysis of liver tissue was also carried out. Results revealed that kombucha tea is more potent in preventing hepatotoxicity than unfermented black tea. The mechanism of hepatoprotection offered by KBT treatment may involve the facilitation of both antioxidant and detoxification processes in the liver.
Sowmiya Jayabalan,Murali Subbaiah,Latha Chaturvedula 대한산부인과학회 2023 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.66 No.4
Objective To compare the diagnostic accuracy of a handheld colposcope (Gynocular) versus a standard colposcope in women with abnormal cervical cytology or visual Inspection with acetic acid positivity. Methods This crossover randomized clinical trial was conducted in Pondicherry, India, and included 230 women who were referred for colposcopy. Swede scores were calculated using both colposcopes, and a cervical biopsy was performed from the most visually abnormal areas. Swede scores were compared with the histopathological diagnosis, which was used as the reference standard. The level of agreement between the two colposcopes was calculated using Kappa (κ) statistics. Results The level of agreement of Swede scores between the standard and Gynocular colposcopes was 62.56%, and the κ statistic was 0.43 (P<0.001). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ (CIN 2, CIN 3, CIN 3+) was diagnosed in 40 (17.4%) women. There were no significant differences between the two colposcopes in terms of sensitivity, specificity, or predictive value for detecting CIN 2+ lesions. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of Gynocular colposcopy was similar to that of standard colposcopy for detecting CIN 2+ lesions. Gynocular colposcopes showed a good level of agreement with standard colposcopes when the Swede score was used.
Biochemical Characteristics of Tea Fungus Produced During Kombucha Fermentation
Rasu Jayabalan,Kesavan Malini,Muthuswamy Sathishkumar,Krishnaswami Swaminathan,윤세억 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.3
Tea fungus is symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts, widely used to produce kombucha tea. Due to the rich biomass in tea fungus, it can be utilized as protein supplement in animal feed. The present study aimed to analyze the biochemical characteristics of tea fungus with the effect of fermentation time. Proximate,amino acids, and elemental analysis of tea fungus produced during kombucha fermentation were studied along with total count of microflora. Results suggested that tea fungus is rich in crude protein, crude fibre, and amino acid lysine. The biochemical characteristics of tea fungus studied were increased throughout the fermentation time.
Aravinth kumar Jayabalan,Takbum Ohn 대한의생명과학회 2014 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.20 No.1
RNA granules such as Stress Granules (SG) and P-Bodies (PB) are aggregates of translationally stalled messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes induced by a wide range of stresses. Over the past decade, extensive studies described key components of RNA granules, their molecular interactions and signaling pathways require for their assembly and disassembly. However, researches defining their exact roles under stress conditions have not been performed so far, although several studies suggested their roles in neurodegenerative diseases recently. In this review, we provide an introduction about their basic properties, key components, and the dynamic nature for their assembly.