Mitochondrial sequence based characterization and morphometric assessment of Diara buffalo population

Singh Karan Veer,Purohit Hitesh,Singh Ramesh Kumar 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.7

Objective: The present study is aimed at phenotypic characterization and mitochondrial d-loop analysis of indigenous “Diara” buffalo population, which are mostly confined to the villages on the South and North Gangetic marshy plains in the Bihar state of India. These buffaloes are well adapted and are best suited for ploughing and puddling the wet fields meant for paddy cultivation. Methods: Biometric data on 172 buffaloes were collected using a standard flexible tape measure. Animals are medium in size; the typical morphometric features are long head with a broad forehead and moderately long and erect ears. Genomic DNA was isolated from unrelated animals. The mtDNA d‐loop 358‐bp sequence data was generated and compared with 338 sequences belonging to riverine and swamp buffaloes. Results: Based on the mitochondrial d-loop analysis the Diara buffaloes were grouped along with the haplotypes reported for riverine buffalo. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7 mitochondrial D loop haplotypes with haplotype diversity of 0.9643. Five of the haplotypes were shared with established swamp breeds and with Buffalo population of Orissa in India. Conclusion: Morphometric analyses clearly shows distinguishing features like long and broad forehead which may be useful in identification. The germplasm of Diara buffalo is much adapted to the marshy banks of river Ganga and its tributaries. It constitutes a valuable genetic resource which needs to be conserved on priority basis. Objective: The present study is aimed at phenotypic characterization and mitochondrial d-loop analysis of indigenous “Diara” buffalo population, which are mostly confined to the villages on the South and North Gangetic marshy plains in the Bihar state of India. These buffaloes are well adapted and are best suited for ploughing and puddling the wet fields meant for paddy cultivation.Methods: Biometric data on 172 buffaloes were collected using a standard flexible tape measure. Animals are medium in size; the typical morphometric features are long head with a broad forehead and moderately long and erect ears. Genomic DNA was isolated from unrelated animals. The mtDNA d‐loop 358‐bp sequence data was generated and compared with 338 sequences belonging to riverine and swamp buffaloes.Results: Based on the mitochondrial d-loop analysis the Diara buffaloes were grouped along with the haplotypes reported for riverine buffalo. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7 mitochondrial D loop haplotypes with haplotype diversity of 0.9643. Five of the haplotypes were shared with established swamp breeds and with Buffalo population of Orissa in India.Conclusion: Morphometric analyses clearly shows distinguishing features like long and broad forehead which may be useful in identification. The germplasm of Diara buffalo is much adapted to the marshy banks of river Ganga and its tributaries. It constitutes a valuable genetic resource which needs to be conserved on priority basis.

A Review of Vision-Based Techniques Applied to Detecting Human-Object Interactions in Still Images

Sunaina,Ramanpreet Kaur,Dharam Veer Sharma 한국정보과학회 2021 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.15 No.1

Due to the rising demand for automatic interpretation of visual relationships in several domains, human-object interaction (HOI) detection and recognition have also gained more attention from researchers over the last decade. This survey paper concentrates on human-centric interactions, which can be categorized as human-to-human and human-to-objects. Although an extensive amount of research work has been done in this area, real-world constraints like the domain of possible interactions make the research a challenging task. This paper provides an analysis of conventional hand-crafted representation-based methods and recent deep learning-based methods, ongoing advancements taking place in the field of HOI recognition and detection, and challenges faced by the researchers. Moreover, we present a detailed picture of publicly available datasets for HOI evaluations. At the end, the future scope of the study is discussed.

Recent trends and challenges of surface electromyography in prosthetic applications

Drishti Yadav,Karan Veer 대한의용생체공학회 2023 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.13 No.3

Surface electromyography (sEMG) meets extensive applications in the field of prosthesis in the current period. The effectivenessof sEMG in prosthesis applications has been verified by numerous revolutionary developments and extensive researchattempts. A large volume of research and literature works have explored and validated the vast use of these signals in prosthesesas an assistive technology. The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review and offer a detailed overviewof the work record in the prosthesis and myoelectric interfaces framework. This review utilized a systematic search strategyto identify published articles discussing the state-of-the-art applications of sEMG in prostheses (including upper limbprosthesis and lower limb prostheses). Relevant studies were identified using electronic databases such as PubMed, IEEEExplore, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Out of 3791 studies retrieved from the databases,188 articles were found to be potentially relevant (after screening of abstracts and application of inclusion–exclusion criteria)and included in this review. This review presents an investigative analysis of sEMG-based prosthetic applications to assist thereaders in making further advancements in this field. It also discusses the fundamental advantages and disadvantages of usingsEMG in prosthetic applications. It also includes some important guidelines to follow in order to improve the performanceof sEMG-based prosthesis. The findings of this study support the widespread use of sEMG in prosthetics. It is concludedthat sEMG-based prosthesis technology, still in its sprouting phase, requires significant explorations for further development. Supplementary investigations are necessary in the direction of making a seamless mechanism of biomechatronics forsEMG-based prosthesis by cohesive efforts of robotic researchers and biomedical engineers.

Simultaneous nutrient removal and lipid production from pretreated piggery wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris YSW-04.

Ji, Min-Kyu,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Sapireddy, Veer Raghavulu,Yun, Hyun-Shik,Abou-Shanab, Reda A I,Choi, Jaeyoung,Lee, Wontae,Timmes, Thomas C,Inamuddin,Jeon, Byong-Hun Springer International 2013 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.97 No.6

<P>The feasibility of using a microalga Chlorella vulgaris YSW-04 was investigated for removal of nutrients from piggery wastewater effluent. The consequent lipid production by the microalga was also identified and quantitatively determined. The wastewater effluent was diluted to different concentrations ranging from 20 to 80 % of the original using either synthetic media or distilled water. The dilution effect on both lipid production and nutrient removal was evaluated, and growth rate of C. vulgaris was also monitored. Dilution of the wastewater effluent improved microalgal growth, lipid productivity, and nutrient removal. The growth rate of C. vulgaris was increased with decreased concentration of piggery wastewater in the culture media regardless of the diluent type. Lipid production was relatively higher when using synthetic media than using distilled water for dilution of wastewater. The composition of fatty acids accumulated in microalgal biomass was dependent upon both dilution ratio and diluent type. The microalga grown on a 20 % concentration of wastewater effluent diluted with distilled water was more promising for generating high-efficient biodiesel compared to the other culture conditions. The highest removal of inorganic nutrients was also achieved at the same dilution condition. Our results revealed the optimal pretreatment condition for the biodegradation of piggery wastewater with microalgae for subsequent production of high-efficient biodiesel.</P>

Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor: a Diagnostic Surprise during Workup for Anemia

Maitreyi S. Patel,Bharathi Akula,Sachin Veer,Aparna A. Deshpande 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2018 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.18 No.3

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arising from the pancreas and duodenum together represent 18% of all gastroenteropancreatic NETs. Duodenal neuroendocrine tumor (D-NET) comprises 1%–3% of all primary duodenal tumors, of these only 20% are resectable. Surgery remains the only curative option provided a R0 resection can be done. We present a case of D-NET in an elderly male who was being investigated for anemia who was treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy and was discharged without sequele.

Applicability of TOPMODEL in the Catchments of Nepal: Bagmati River Basin

Abinashi Sigdell,전병훈,Raghunath Jha,Dhruba Bhatta,Reda A.I. Abou-Shanab,Veer Raghavulu Sapireddy 한국자원공학회 2011 Geosystem engineering Vol.14 No.4

TOPMODEL was applied to simulate runoff hydrograph in Bagmati River Basin. Digital Elevation Model (DEM), soil, land-use and other spatial data were analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS). To account for spatial variability of precipitation, climate and land-use, the entire basin was divided into sub-basins and the model was run separately. Other additional computer codes have been developed for computing evapotranspiration and channel routing so as to apply TOPMODEL as a complete hydrological model for medium to large basin. Less sensitive or physically based parameters were directly measured from topographic and soil maps using looked up table, where as more sensitive parameters such as saturated transmissivity [ln(T0)] and exponential decay coefficient (m) to each sub-basin were calibrated by manual iterative method. However, subjective and objective methods were applied to test the goodness of fit of simulated hydrographs to observed hydrographs. The results are satisfactory with Nash efficiency as much as 84.8% in calibration and 82.5% in validation. The results showed annual peak, runoff volume, annual average wet and dry seasons flows simulation using the model were relatively reasonable. Most of the river basins of Nepal are steep to moderately steep sloped, densely vegetated and receives appreciable amount of frequent precipitation and hence TOPMODEL assumptions are valid. The limited available resources used to achieve these results showed that TOPMODEL will be applicable in medium to large spring fed catchments of Nepal.

Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma viride Strain against Potent Tea Fungal Pathogens in North East India

A. Naglot,S. Goswami,I. Rahman,D. D. Shrimali,Kamlesh K. Yadav,Vikas K. Gupta,Aprana Jyoti Rabha,H. K. Gogoi,Vijay Veer 한국식물병리학회 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.3

Indigenous strains of Trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of Tea gardens of Assam, north eastern state of India were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely Pestalotia theae and Fusarium solani. A potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as SDRLIN1, was selected and identified as Trichoderma viride. The strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. Culture filtrate collected from stationary growth phase of the antagonist demonstrated a significantly higher degree of inhibitory activity against all the test fungi, demonstrating the presence of an optimal blend of extracellular antifungal metabolites. Moreover, quantitative enzyme assay of exponential and stationary culture filtrates revealed that the activity of cellulase, β-1,3-glucanase, pectinase, and amylase was highest in the exponential phase, whereas the activity of proteases and chitinase was noted highest in the stationary phase. Morphological changes such as hyphal swelling and distortion were also observed in the fungal pathogen grown on potato dextrose agar containing stationary phase culture filtrate. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the filtrate was significantly reduced but not entirely after heat or proteinase K treatment, demonstrating substantial role of certain unknown thermostable antifungal compound(s) in the inhibitory activity.

Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma viride Strain against Potent Tea Fungal Pathogens in North East India

Naglot, A.,Goswami, S.,Rahman, I.,Shrimali, D.D.,Yadav, Kamlesh K.,Gupta, Vikas K.,Rabha, Aprana Jyoti,Gogoi, H.K.,Veer, Vijay The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.3

Indigenous strains of Trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of Tea gardens of Assam, north eastern state of India were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely Pestalotia theae and Fusarium solani. A potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as SDRLIN1, was selected and identified as Trichoderma viride. The strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. Culture filtrate collected from stationary growth phase of the antagonist demonstrated a significantly higher degree of inhibitory activity against all the test fungi, demonstrating the presence of an optimal blend of extracellular antifungal metabolites. Moreover, quantitative enzyme assay of exponential and stationary culture filtrates revealed that the activity of cellulase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, pectinase, and amylase was highest in the exponential phase, whereas the activity of proteases and chitinase was noted highest in the stationary phase. Morphological changes such as hyphal swelling and distortion were also observed in the fungal pathogen grown on potato dextrose agar containing stationary phase culture filtrate. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the filtrate was significantly reduced but not entirely after heat or proteinase K treatment, demonstrating substantial role of certain unknown thermostable antifungal compound(s) in the inhibitory activity.

Identification and characterization of novel associations in the CASP8/ALS2CR12 region on chromosome 2 with breast cancer risk.

Lin, Wei-Yu,Camp, Nicola J,Ghoussaini, Maya,Beesley, Jonathan,Michailidou, Kyriaki,Hopper, John L,Apicella, Carmel,Southey, Melissa C,Stone, Jennifer,Schmidt, Marjanka K,Broeks, Annegien,Van't Veer, L IRL Press 2015 Human molecular genetics Vol.24 No.1

<P>Previous studies have suggested that polymorphisms in CASP8 on chromosome 2 are associated with breast cancer risk. To clarify the role of CASP8 in breast cancer susceptibility, we carried out dense genotyping of this region in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning a 1 Mb region around CASP8 were genotyped in 46 450 breast cancer cases and 42 600 controls of European origin from 41 studies participating in the BCAC as part of a custom genotyping array experiment (iCOGS). Missing genotypes and SNPs were imputed and, after quality exclusions, 501 typed and 1232 imputed SNPs were included in logistic regression models adjusting for study and ancestry principal components. The SNPs retained in the final model were investigated further in data from nine genome-wide association studies (GWAS) comprising in total 10 052 case and 12 575 control subjects. The most significant association signal observed in European subjects was for the imputed intronic SNP rs1830298 in ALS2CR12 (telomeric to CASP8), with per allele odds ratio and 95% confidence interval [OR (95% confidence interval, CI)] for the minor allele of 1.05 (1.03-1.07), P = 1 ?? 10(-5). Three additional independent signals from intronic SNPs were identified, in CASP8 (rs36043647), ALS2CR11 (rs59278883) and CFLAR (rs7558475). The association with rs1830298 was replicated in the imputed results from the combined GWAS (P = 3 ?? 10(-6)), yielding a combined OR (95% CI) of 1.06 (1.04-1.08), P = 1 ?? 10(-9). Analyses of gene expression associations in peripheral blood and normal breast tissue indicate that CASP8 might be the target gene, suggesting a mechanism involving apoptosis.</P>