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Liver Hydroxylation of Vitamin D and Its Relationship to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
( Mukunda Raj Kalouni ),( Bhup Dev Bhatta ),( Dhruba Acharya ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: 25 hydroxy vitamin D is synthesized in the liver by microsomal enzyme 25-hydroxylase. Vitamin D is associated with autoimmune thyroid disease. Recently its role in the immune modulator has been discovered. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between 25 hydroxy vitamin D and thyroperoxidase (TPO) antibody. Methods: 200 subjects were enrolled in this study, among them 100 were study group and 100 were healthy control group during june 2014 to may 2016. Serum levels of anti TPO antibody, 25 hydroxy vitamin D, thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and free tri-iodothyronine were measured by chemiluminiscence immuno assay (CLIA, maglumi 1000) Results: We found a statistically significant correlation between 25 hydroxy vitamin D and thyroperoxidase antibody (p= <0.001). Study group had lower levels of vitamin D than control group 21.86 ± 8.41 and 32.27 ± 11.75 respectively.( p= <0.001). Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D was inversely correlated with antithyroperoxidase antibody (r = -0.318, p= < 0.001). Study group had higher TPO antibody levels as compared to control group. Conclusions: Our study suggests that vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with autoimmune thyroid disease. It also found that patients with autoimmune thyroid disease had lower levels of 25 hydroxy vitamin D. We also found a negative correlation between TPO antibody and Vitamin D.
Applicability of TOPMODEL in the Catchments of Nepal: Bagmati River Basin
Abinashi Sigdell,전병훈,Raghunath Jha,Dhruba Bhatta,Reda A.I. Abou-Shanab,Veer Raghavulu Sapireddy 한국자원공학회 2011 Geosystem engineering Vol.14 No.4
TOPMODEL was applied to simulate runoff hydrograph in Bagmati River Basin. Digital Elevation Model (DEM), soil, land-use and other spatial data were analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS). To account for spatial variability of precipitation, climate and land-use, the entire basin was divided into sub-basins and the model was run separately. Other additional computer codes have been developed for computing evapotranspiration and channel routing so as to apply TOPMODEL as a complete hydrological model for medium to large basin. Less sensitive or physically based parameters were directly measured from topographic and soil maps using looked up table, where as more sensitive parameters such as saturated transmissivity [ln(T0)] and exponential decay coefficient (m) to each sub-basin were calibrated by manual iterative method. However, subjective and objective methods were applied to test the goodness of fit of simulated hydrographs to observed hydrographs. The results are satisfactory with Nash efficiency as much as 84.8% in calibration and 82.5% in validation. The results showed annual peak, runoff volume, annual average wet and dry seasons flows simulation using the model were relatively reasonable. Most of the river basins of Nepal are steep to moderately steep sloped, densely vegetated and receives appreciable amount of frequent precipitation and hence TOPMODEL assumptions are valid. The limited available resources used to achieve these results showed that TOPMODEL will be applicable in medium to large spring fed catchments of Nepal.