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SHOGO TAKEGAWA(타케가와 쇼고) 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2013 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.42 No.2
The aim of this paper is to clarify the change of social consciousness concerning neoliberalism and the welfare state in Japan in the 2000s. In the first half of the decade, the influence of neoliberalism grew in the field of economic and social policy. Unlike the first half, however, the second half of the 2000s showed slightly different situations: Neoliberalism started to become less influential. This paper discusses the change of social consciousness as the background to the policy changes witnessed in the first half and second half, respectively, of the 2000s. Orientation toward "small government" (low cost) was high in the first half and remained low in the second half of the decade. In contrast, orientation toward a "welfare state" (high benefit) approach grew stronger both in the first half and the second half of the decade. Contrary to what is generally believed, the proportion of people who thought highly of initiatives by the "public sector" gained a majority also in the first half of the 2000s. People who placed importance on initiatives by the "private sector" increased in the second half of the decade. However, it is reasonable to think that the increase is not because of "privatization" but rather because of the emergence of the NPOs, NGOs, and social enterprises. However, public opinion was divided into two camps: need principle/universalism and contribution principle/selectivism.
타케가와쇼고(Shogo Takegawa) 한국사회정책학회 2005 한국사회정책 Vol.12 No.1
이 논문은 2005년 일본 개호보험개혁논의에 있어서, 가장 중요한 쟁점이 되고 있는 두가지 문제를 집중적으로 검토하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 그 첫째는, 장애인에 대한 개호서비스 제공과 지원을 목적으로 한 장애인지원제도와 주로 노인의 개호서비스 제공과 지원을 목적으로 하여 시행되고 있는 개호보험의 양자를 통합하는 것이 옳은지 아닌지, 통합환다면 어떻게 통합하는 것이 바람직한지 하는 문제이다. 두번째의 문제는 개호보험제도의 재정적인 지속가능성을 확보하기 위하여 필요한 대안이 무엇인가 하는 것이다. 재정적 지속가능성을 확보하기 위한 대안으로서 이 논문이 검토하고 있는 것은, 개호예방시스템의 확립, 개호보험급여의 억제, 개호보험보험료지불 연령층의 확대 등이다. The reforming of National Pension promoted in 2004 is studied both in terms of financial balance and welfare regime. And the infra structure and change of the National Pension scheme was also studied to increase the understanding of the background of reform. This paper suggests problems and counter measures as well as detailed contents of the reform. This paper includes the following main themes. 1. the history of welfare development and National Pension system in Japan. 2. the infrastructure and change of National Pension system 3. contents of reform, covering achievements and problems of the reform, introduction of macro-economic slide system, specific content and the procedures of agreement 4. future task to improve National Pensioon.
Hiroya Sakaguchi,Toshitatsu Takao,Yoshitaka Takegawa,Yuki Koga,Kazunori Yamanaka,Masataka Sagata,Shinwa Tanaka,Yoshinori Morita,Takashi Toyonaga,Yuzo Kodama 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.1
Background/Aims: Application of polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets using fibrin glue in post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)ulcers to prevent bleeding has been reported to be difficult with the conventional delivery method because of gravity. This studyassessed the usefulness of the envelope-based delivery system with and against gravity in living pigs. Methods: PGA sheets were applied on post-ESD ulcers with and against gravity six times each using the conventional and envelopemethods, respectively. The PGA sheet delivery time and the endoscopic and histological findings of the treated ulcer floors werecompared. Results: With gravity, the median PGA sheet application time was 1.00 (0.68–1.30) min/cm2 and 0.32 (0.18–0.52) min/cm2 with theconventional and envelope techniques (p=0.002), respectively, and against gravity, it was 1.20 (1.13–1.63) min/cm2 and 0.50 (0.39–0.58) min/cm2 (p=0.002), respectively. Against gravity, the endoscopic and histological findings revealed that the conventional grouphad insufficient fixation of the PGA sheets, but the envelope groups had sufficient fixation. The results with gravity were similarbetween the groups. Conclusions: The envelope method makes it possible to deliver PGA sheets to the stomach quickly and cover ulcers appropriatelyboth with and against gravity in living pigs.
Temporal variations of black carbon in Guangzhou, China, in summer 2006
Verma, R. L.,Sahu, L. K.,Kondo, Y.,Takegawa, N.,Han, S.,Jung, J. S.,Kim, Y. J.,Fan, S.,Sugimoto, N.,Shammaa, M. H.,Zhang, Y. H.,Zhao, Y. Copernicus GmbH 2010 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.10 No.14
<P>Abstract. In situ measurements of the mass concentration of black carbon (BC) and mixing ratios of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were made at Guangzhou, an urban measurement site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China, in July 2006. The average ± standard deviation (SD) concentrations of BC, CO, and CO2 were 4.7± 2.3 μgC m−3, 798± 459 ppbv, and 400± 13 ppmv, respectively. The trends of these species were mainly controlled by synoptic-scale changes in meteorology during the campaign. Based on back trajectories, data are analyzed separately for two different air mass types representing northerly and southerly flows. The northerly air masses, which constituted ~25% of the campaign, originated mostly in the PRD and hence represent observations on regional scales. On the other hand, during southerly flow (~75%), the measurements were influenced by dilution due to cleaner marine air. The diurnal patterns of BC, CO, and CO2 exhibited peak concentrations during the morning and evening hours coinciding with rush-hour traffic. The ratios of OC/BC were lower during the morning hour peaks in the concentrations of primary pollutants due to their fresh emissions mainly from vehicular traffic in Guangzhou. The diurnal variations of BC observed in southerly air masses tended to follow the traffic patterns of heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) in Guangzhou, while the roles of other sources need to be investigated. The slopes of ΔBC/ΔCO, ΔBC/ΔCO2, and ΔCO/ΔCO2 observed during northerly flows were 0.0045 μgC m−3/ppbv, 0.13 μgC m−3/ppmv, and 49.4 ppbv/ppmv, respectively, agreeing reasonably with their respective emission ratios derived from regional emission inventories. </P>