CYP2E1 rs2031920, COMT rs4680 Polymorphisms, Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Use and Lung Cancer Risk in a Japanese Population

Kakino, Kenichi,Kiyohara, Chikako,Horiuchi, Takahiko,Nakanishi, Yoichi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.8

Background: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes may contribute to susceptibility to lung cancer because of their critical involvement in mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the role of CYP2E1 rs2031920 and COMT rs4680 in a case-control study involving 462 lung cancer cases and 379 controls in Japanese. Logistic regression was used to assess adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multiplicative and additive interactions with cigarette smoking or alcohol use were also examined. Results: Neither CYP2E1 rs2031920 nor COMT rs4680 was associated with lung cancer risk overall. However, smokers with the CC genotype of CYP2E1 rs2031920 (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 2.26 - 5.63) presented a higher risk of lung cancer than those with at least one T allele (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.70 - 4.98) as compared to never-smokers with at least one T allele (reference). Subjects with excessive drinking and the CC genotype of CYP2E1 rs2031920 had a significantly higher risk (OR = 2.22, 95% CI =1.39 - 3.56) than appropriate drinkers with at least one T allele. A similar tendency was observed between COMT rs4680 and either smoking or drinking habits. There were no multiplicative or additive interactions between the polymorphisms and either smoking or alcohol use. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CYP2E1 rs2031920 and COMT rs4680 are not major contributors to lung cancer risk in our Japanese population. Future studies on the genetics of lung cancer in Japanese and their environment interactions are required.

A Memory Effect in Metallic Material Perception

Paru Kondo,Midori Tanaka,Takahiko Horiuchi 한국색채학회 2017 AIC 2017 Jeju Vol.2017 No.10

In color memory matching, it is well known that the perceived color might be different from the original color even if the viewing conditions remain the same. In our previous study, we found that such color shifts also occurred with metallic gold objects. Appropriate luminance modulation was an important factor in the highfidelity perception of the rendered images of gold materials. In this study, we further investigate the memory effect by using actual metallic objects with four different metallic colors (brass, copper, bronze, and iron) having similar 3D shapes. As experimental stimuli, we prepared nine images for each metallic object, including one nonmodified image and eight processed images with modulated luminance and saturation. In our psychophysical experiment, the images were displayed on a calibrated monitor and evaluated with regards to the fidelity of image reproduction through paired comparison in a memory matching procedure. By analyzing the results of principal component scores, it was found that the saturation shift and luminance enhancement corresponded to the 1st and 2nd principal component vectors.

Changes of Pupil Size during Colored Texture Observation

Ryusuke Arai,Midori Tanaka,Takahiko Horiuchi 한국색채학회 2017 AIC 2017 Jeju Vol.2017 No.10

The pupil size has been studied for cognitive processing of visual information. It is known that the pupil size is primarily controlled by the physical characteristics of the visual stimulus (illuminance of viewing environment) and psychological variables (e.g. interest, memory, and emotional awakening) during observation. However, the relationship between physical and psychophysiological characteristics during observation of appearance on the object surface has not been fully investigated. In this study, we investigate how the pupil size changes when human pay attention to the material appearance such as glossiness, roughness and colorfulness. In our psychophysiological experiment, we used seven colored fabrics with the same surface texture of canvas as experimental stimuli. The participants were asked to observe the experimental stimuli according to two different observation points. During the first half, participants looked out the entire experimental stimulus idly for investigating the effect by physical characteristics of viewing environment. During the second half, they carefully observed the surface appearance of physically the same stimulus for investigating psychophysiological characteristics. As a result, the pupil size reduced during the second half. In addition, it was found that the contraction rate of the pupil size depending on the saturation of the object surface.

Contribution of ipRGC to the Fluorescent Feeling

Yuki Tanaka,Keita Hirai,Midori Tanaka,Takahiko Horiuchi,Katsunori Okajima 한국색채학회 2017 AIC 2017 Jeju Vol.2017 No.10

Fluorescence is generated when a substance absorbs light energy at a short wavelength and then emits light energy at a longer wavelength. This unique characteristic evokes a “fluorescent feeling,” which is different from the perception that is detected when objects reflect light. In our previous study, when an image that was colorimetrically equivalent to a real fluorescent object was reproduced on a monitor, the fluorescent feeling evoked by the reproduced image was reduced. This suggested that the differences in spectral distribution between a reproduced image and a real fluorescent object can affect the fluorescent feeling. In recent years, the role of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in the detection of brightness has been reported. In this study, we investigate the contribution of ipRGCs to the fluorescent feeling. In our experiment, ipRGC stimulation was tested and compared to the light flux stimulus. We investigated both central vision and peripheral vision. We found that as ipRCG excitation increased, the participants perceived a larger fluorescent feeling. In addition, a large fluorescent feeling was perceived in the peripheral vision, where ipRGCs play a prominent role in image detection. These results indicate that ipRGCs are important for the development of the fluorescent feeling.

Physicochemical and biological similarity assessment of LBAL, a biosimilar to adalimumab reference product (Humira®)

권준철,권오환,정래웅,김나윤,송선아,최일섭,이준옥,Takahiko Horiuchi 한국통합생물학회 2021 Animal cells and systems Vol.25 No.3

LBAL was developed as an adalimumab (Humira®) biosimilar using Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. Comparable quality, safety, and efficacy between a biosimilar and its reference product should be ensured for regulatory approval. Here, we present the results of a comprehensive physicochemical and biological characterization between LBAL and Humira®. As physicochemical attributes, primary and higher-order structure, N-glycan profile, and disulfide linkage were investigated. Biological attributes were evaluated by target/receptor binding analysis and in vitro/ex vivo cell-based assays, which are linked to mechanisms of action. As a result, LBAL had the identical amino acid sequence, similar post-translational modifications and N-/C-terminal variants, and comparable primary, secondary, and tertiary structures and disulfide linkage profile. However, some differences in N-glycan profiles were observed. Biological activities, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binding, TNF-neutralization, apoptosis, Fc receptor binding, and complementdependent cytotoxicity, were largely consistent. Despite a slightly lower antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity in LBAL, this difference was not significant under physiological conditions. As indicated, this extensive analytical characterization and functional comparison assessment showed that LBAL was similar to Humira®, with minor differences of no clinical relevance. Taken together, our comparative assessment of physicochemical and biological attributes demonstrated that LBAL is structurally and functionally very similar to Humira®, supporting the biosimilarity of clinical efficacy and safety.