Models in species abundance distribution in presenting community states and environmental impact

Tae‐Soo Chon 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05

Species abundance patterns have been recently one of key issues in ecology regarding determination of the allowable species richness in a determined area (i.e., island biogeography) and elucidation of structural coherence residing in the relationships between species and their corresponding abundance in communities. The topic of relative species abundance or species abundance distribution (SAD) is considered significant in revealing origination of community establishment in theoretical aspect and in presenting ecological states in response to environmental impact in practical aspect. Conventional models used in SADs including geometric series, log series, log normal distribution and broken stick model were introduced along with example cases. Theoretical interpretation of species abundance patterns was additionally outlined covering the neutral model, power law analysis and application of principles in statistical physics. The future of SADs and the species‐abundance related topics was discussed regarding community organization mechanism and ecological monitoring in response to disturbances.

퍼지-뉴럴 네트워크에 의한 퍼지동정

안태천,황형수,오성권 圓光大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.2

본 논문에서는 복잡한 비선형 시스템을 모델링하기 위해 퍼지-뉴럴네트워크(FNNs)를 사용한 퍼지규칙의 최적 동정 방법이 제안된다. FNNs는 역전파 알고리즘과 Sugeno의 퍼지추론 방법의 결합으로 구성된다. 퍼지규칙의 구조동정은 기존의 동정에서 반복적인 퍼지분할을 피하기 위해 퍼지 c-means클로스터링을 이용해서 수행된다. FNNs는 퍼지규칙의 전·후반부 파라미터를 동정하기 위해 사용된다. 최적 퍼지규칙을 얻기 위해, FNNs는 학습율과 모멘텀 계수가 수정된 컴플렉스법을 이용하여 자동동조 된다. 가스로 공정의 시계열 데이타는 제안된 규칙베이스 퍼지 모델리의 성능을 평가하기 위해 사용된다. 제안된 모델링 방법이 다른 논문과 비교시 더 높은 정확도를 가진 퍼지모델을 생성함을 보인다. In this paper, an optimal identification method of fuzzy rules using fuzzy neural networks(FNNs) is proposed in order to model the nonlinear complex systems. FNNs are composed by combining back-propagation algorithms and Sugeno's linear fuzzy inference method. The structure identification of fuzzy implication rules is carried out utilizing fuzzy c-means clustering in order to avoid the iterative fuzzy partition in the conventional identification and FNNs are used to identify parameters of premise and comsequence part of fuzzy implication rules. To obtain the optimal fuzzy rules, the learning ratio and momentum coefficients of FNNs are tuned automatically utilizing the modified complex method. Time series data for gas furance are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed rule-based fuzzy modeling.

바퀴, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus),개체군의 크기와 발육속도를 예측하기 위한 온도의존 Simulation Model의 구성

權太晟,全胎秀 부산대학교 환경문제 연구소 1985 環境硏究報 Vol.3 No.-

By using temperature as a key variable, a simulation model was constructed to predict the size and development speed of the German cockroach population through 3 research steps. First, data for developmental units and survival rates at each life stage were obtained through rearing experiments at five different temperatures. Secondly, biological parameters needed for modeling were obtained based on these rearing results. And thirdly a basic life model was constructed in a simulative framework in FORTRAN for predicting populatiion development on the individual basis. To save memory space in computer programming, two files were utilized in translocating individual informations each other as time proceeded. The developed simulation model showed flexibility and applicability in representing insect life system and could be efficiently used as strategic tool in managing the cockroach population.

퍼지 GMDH 알고리즘과 폐수처리 공정 시스템에의 응용

안태천,노석범,황형수,오성권 圓光大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.31 No.2

본 논문에서는 GMDH(Group Method of Data Handling) 알고리즘을 이용하여 퍼지 모델의 구조와 파라미터를 설정하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 퍼지 함의 규칙의 전건부 구조와 파라미터를 동정하기 위해 GMDH 알고리즘과 퍼지 추론을 사용하였고 최적의 후건부 파라미터를 동정하기 위해 최소 자승법을 사용하였다. 제안된 모델링 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해서 가스로 시계열 데이터와 하수처리 데이터를 사용하였다. 제안된 방법을 사용하면 다른 모델에 비해 우수한 성능을 가진 지능 모델을 얻을수 있다. The Proposed fuzzy modeling implements system structure and parameter identification using the GMDH(Group Method of Data Handling) Algorithm. In this method, We use the GMDH algorithm and fuzzy inference to identify the premise structure and parameter of fuzzy implication rules and least square method to identify optimum consequence parameter. Time seris data for gas furnace and wastewatertreatment data are used for purpose of evaluating the performance of the proposed fuzzy.

구리 독성에 기인하는 비정상적인 어류행동의 신경생화학적 분석

신성우,조현덕,전태수,김정상,이성규,고성철 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The goal of this study is to develop a biomarker used in monitoring abnormal behaviors of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism caused by hazardous chemicals. Japanese medaka was treated by copper of appropriate sublethal concentrations after starvation for 48 hr, The untreated individuals showed common behavioral characteristics (i.e., smooth and linear movements). Locomotive activity of the fish was monitored using an image processing and automatic data acquisition system. When treated with copper (100 ppb), the fish showed shaking patterns more frequently. As the concentration of copper increased to 1,000ppb, activity decreased, and the fish showed an erratic movement. Fish were exposed to copper at various concentrations (0, 100 and 1,000 pph) for 24 hrs, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was observed. When fish were exposed to 1,000 ppb of copper, the body AChE activities appeared to decrease but the head AChE activities showed little change. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head (brain) and body(kidney) portions affected by the copper treatment were analyzed using immunohistochemical technique compared with control. Five organs of the fish (olfactory bulb, hyothaiamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions) showed a relatively strong TH protein expression in the control experiment. A differential expression of TH, however, was observed in the treatment (100 ppb and 1,0M ppb). The treatment (1,000 ppb) significantly suppressed TH protein production in the brain regions. In kidney, however, the same treatment caused little suppression compared with the control. Copper appeared to be less effective in suppression of TH than diazinon, a known TH suppressor. It was concluded that TH could be used as a potential biomarker to monitor the acute copper toxicity in Japanese medaka.

Fluoranthene 독성에 기인하는 비정상적 어류행동의 신경생화학적 분석

신성우,조현덕,전태수,김정상,이성규,고성철 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Fluoranthene, a common polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), exhibits phototoxicity which may affect aquatic organisms, The eventual goal of this study is to develop a biomarker of Japanese medaka (Oryzias iatipes) used in monitoring hazardous chemicals in the ecosystem. In this study we investigated neural toxicity of fluoranthene in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) along with comparative analysis of corresponding behavioral responses. The untreated individuals showed normal behavioral characteristics (i.e' smooth and linear movements). The treated fish, however, showed stopping and abrupt change of orientation (100 ppb), and severely reduced locomotive activity and enhanced surfacing activity (1,000ppb). Treatment of the medaka fish with fluoranthene caused a significant suppression of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities in the body portion but not in the head portion. When fish were exposed to 1,000pph of fluoranthene for 24hr, the body AChE activities decreased from 126.±31.89 (nmoles substrate hydrolyzed per min per mg protein) 10 49.51 ± 11.99. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head and body portions were comparatively analyzed using an immunohistochemical technique. Five organs of the medaka fish showing a strong TH protein expression were the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions. This study provides molecular and neurobehavioral bases of a biomonitoring system for toxic chemicals using fish as a model organism.

반자연적인 조건에서 두 계통 바퀴 (Blattella germanica)의 휴식처 체제 시간 및 방문빈도에 대한 시간적 유형

Tae-Soo CHON,Young Seuk PARK,Mary H. ROSS 한국응용곤충학회 1997 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.36 No.4

돌연변이체인 or (orange body) 계통과 KNIH (Korea National Institute of Health) 계통의 바퀴(Blattella germanica (L.) (Orthoptera: Blattellidae)를 반자연적인 조건하에서 비디오와 컴퓨터 자료처리를 통하여 연속적으로 관찰하였다. 휴식처에 머무르거나, 먹고, 물 마시며, 다른 개체들과 교신하는 행동을 관찰 할 수 있는 사각형의 관찰상자 내에서 수컷 성충을 개체별로 4~5일 동안 연속적으로 관찰하였는데, 본 논문에서는 휴식처에 머무르는 시간과 방문 빈도를 분석하였다. 개체들 간의 변이가 상대적으로 컸지만 시험개체들은 휴식처에 전체 관찰시간의 47 -61%를 평균적으로 머무르는 것으로 나타났다. 판찰 개체가 휴식처에서 머무르는 시간은 모계에 따른 유의한 차이가 있었으나, 계통 사이에는 뚜렷하게 구분이 되지 않았다. 명암기의 차이는 두 계통 모두 관찰되었는데 휴식처에 머무르는 시간은 암기보다 명기에서 더 길었다. 휴식처 주변의 국소적 활동성을 나타내주는 방문빈도는 KNIH 계통보다 or 계통에서 상대적으로 높게 나타났는데, 모계와 계통간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 방문빈도의 명암기 차이는 or 계통에서는 유의하게 나타났지만 KNIH 계통에서는 없었다. 개체들 간의 변이가 있었으나 동일한 모계 내에서 휴식처에 머무르는 시간이나 방문빈도가 유사하게 관찰되는 개체들이 있었다. A mutant, or(orange body), and the KNIH(Korea National Institute of Health) strain of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica(L.) (Orthoptera: Blattellidae), were observed continuously in semi-natural conditions through video taping and data processing by computers. Male adults were individually observed for 4-5 days in a rectangular-shaped rearing cage with four different microhabitats, allowing observations of behavior such as resting, feeding, drinking and communicating with other individuals. The frequencies of visits to and times spent within harborage were determined. Although there were relatively large variations among individuals, the average stays withing harborage ranged from 47-61% of the total observation time. The duration of within-harborage time was significantly different between maternal origins, while not distinctively different between the strains. Diel differences were observed in body strains. The time spent within harborage was longer in photophase than in scotophase. visiting frequency, which represented local activity around harborage, appeared slightly higher in the or strain than in the KNIH strain, and was significant in the or strain while it was not significant in the KNIH strain. Although there were variations among individuals, similar temporal patterns in some progenies from the same maternal origins were observed in time spent within harborage and in visiting frequency.

Pattern Recognition of Long-term Ecological Data in Community Changes by Using Artificial Neural Networks: Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Chironomids in a Polluted Stream

Chon, Tae-Soo,Kwak, Inn-Sil,Park, Young-Seuk The Ecological Society of Korea 2000 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.23 No.2

On community data. sampled in regular intervals on a long-term basis. artificial neural networks were implemented to extract information on characterizing patterns of community changes. The Adaptive Resonance Theory and Kohonen Network were both utilized in learning benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Soktae Stream of the Suyong River collected monthly for three years. Initially, by regarding each monthly collection as a separate sample unit, communities were grouped into similar patterns after training with the networks. Subsequently, changes in communities in a sequence of samplings (e.g., two-month, four-month, etc.) were given as input to the networks. After training, it was possible to recognize new data set in line with the sampling procedure. Through the comparative study on benthic macroinvertebrates with these learning processes, patterns of community changes in chironomids diverged while those of the total benthic macro-invertebrates tended to be more stable.

Activity of the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica(L.) (Orthoptera: Blattellidae), at Different Microhabitats in Semi-natural Conditions when Treated with Sublethal Doses of Chlorpyrifos and Permethrin

Chon, Tae-Soo,Park, Young Seuk,Ross, Mary H. 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1998 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.14 No.-

Male adults of a mutant, or (orange body), and KNIH(Korea National Institute of Health) strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica(L.), were individually treated with chlorpyrifos and permethrin in sublethal doses. Local activity at different microhabitats for harborage, food, water, and other neighbor cockroaches was measured by observing visiting frequency for 4∼5 days continuously after the chemical treatment. Also long-range activity was observed by counting the number of crossing imaginary center-lines within the observation cage during the observation period. The local activity was generally decreased after the treatment of chemicals at most microhabitats. Trends of the activity observed in the control also appeared in response to the chemical treatment, local activity was the highest at harborage, and was low at the other microhabitats. The diel difference observed in the local activity, however, disappeared in the or strain by the treatment of both insecticides. Especially high values in local and long-range activity at scotophase were decreased greatly. In the KNIH strain, the local activity was less affected with chlorpyrifos. Diel difference persisted in the chlorpyrifos treatment, but disappeared in the permethrin treatment. The long-range activity was increased in the chlorpyrifos treatment in the KNIH strain.

Community Compositions of Benthic Macroinverteb Collected in Streams in Response to Pollution and Natural Variability

Tae-Soo Chon,Dong-Hwan Kim,Hyun Duk Cho,Woon-Seok Cho,Young-Seuk Park 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected using the Surber sampler from streams in forest areas in Southern Korea in spring and summer. Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was utilized to reveal community patterns in response to natural and anthropogenic variability in different seasons. The gradient was mainly observed according to degree of pollution and altitude. Subsequently, community compositions reflected seasonality in less-polluted area, showing difference in functional feeding groups. Gatherer-collectors and filterer-collectors were abundantly collected in spring whereas scrapers and predators were sampled in a majority in late summer. Representative species groups were identified in different seasons. persistence in communities in response to natural and anthropogenic variability.