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Treatability Evaluation of N-Hexadecane and 1-Methylnaphthalene during Fenton Reaction
Chae, Myung-Soo,Woo, Sung-Geun,Yang, Jae-Kyu,Bae, Sei-Dal,Choi, Sang-Il Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 2012 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.17 No.4
In this study, the treatability of two target contaminants during the Fenton reaction, n-hexadecane and 1-methylnaphthalene, was evaluated as a function of the amounts of $FeCl_2$ and $H_2O_2$ injected into open and closed reaction systems. In the Fenton reaction of n-hexadecane and 1-methylnaphthalene, the mass recovery of the target contaminants was above 95% in the closed system. However, when the Fenton reaction was performed with high amounts of $H_2O_2$ and $FeCl_2$ injected in the open system, a reduction of approximately 40% of the initial mass of 1-methylnaphthalene was observed. This trend may be explained by the unique physical properties of 1-methylnaphthalene, which has higher volatility than n-hexadecane. Further, this trend was well correlated with the rise in high temperature at the initial reaction stage. Considering the mass recovery of the two target contaminants, the reaction temperature, and the residual concentration of $H_2O_2$ at different amounts of $FeCl_2$ and $H_2O_2$ injected, it can be suggested that the Fenton reaction should be performed with controlled conditions that can provide a suitable reaction environment between oxidant and contaminants.
ABELIAN PROPERTY CONCERNING FACTORIZATION MODULO RADICALS
Chae, Dong Hyeon,Choi, Jeong Min,Kim, Dong Hyun,Kim, Jae Eui,Kim, Jae Min,Kim, Tae Hyeong,Lee, Ji Young,Lee, Yang,Lee, You Sun,Noh, Jin Hwan,Ryu, Sung Ju The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2016 한국수학논문집 Vol.24 No.4
In this note we describe some classes of rings in relation to Abelian property of factorizations by nilradicals and Jacobson radical. The ring theoretical structures are investigated for various sorts of such factor rings which occur in the process.
Yang, Seung-Kook,Cho, Jung Hee,Lee, Seong-Wook,Lee, Chang-Won,Park, Sang-Jong,Chae, Hee-Sun The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.4
As the feature size of integrated circuits continues to decrease, the challenge of achieving an oxidation-free exposed layer after photoresist (PR) stripping is becoming a critical issue for semiconductor device fabrication. In this article, the hydrogen plasma characteristics in direct plasma and the PR stripping rate in remote plasma were studied using a $120{\Phi}$ cylindrical inductively coupled plasma source. E mode, H mode and E-H mode transitions were observed, which were defined by matching the $V_{rms}$ and total impedance. In addition, the dependence of the E-H mode transition on pressure was examined and the corresponding plasma instability regions were identified. The plasma density and electron temperature increased gradually under the same process conditions. In contrast, the PR stripping rate decreased with increasing proportion of $H_2$ gas in mixed $H_2/N_2$ plasma. The decrease in concentration of reactive radicals for the removal of PR with increasing $H_2$ gas flow rate suggests that NH radicals have a dominant effect as the main volatile product.
Yang, Mi-Jin,Kim, Jin-Sung,Yang, Young-Su,Cho, Jae-Woo,Choi, Seong-Bong,Chung, Yong-Hyun,Kim, Yong-Bum,Cho, Kyu-Hyuk,Lim, Chae-Woong,Kim, Choong-Yong,Song, Chang-Woo Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2008 Toxicological Research Vol.25 No.3
The objectives of this study were to examine the lung injury and inflammation caused by manual metal arc stainless steel(MMA-SS) welding fume inhalation and to evaluate the recovery process. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to MMA-SS welding fumes for 2 h per day in a whole-body exposure chamber, with a total suspended particulate(TSP) concentration of $51.4{\pm}2.8mg/m^3$(low dose) or $84.6{\pm}2.9mg/m^3$(high dose) for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed after 30 days of exposure as well as after a 30-day recovery period. To assess the inflammatory or injury responses, cellular and biochemical parameters as well as cytokines were assayed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). MMA-SS welding fume exposure led to a significant elevation in the number of alveolar macrophages(AM) and polymorphonuclear cells(PMN). Additionary, the values of $\beta$-n-acetyl glucosaminidase($\beta$-NAG) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in the BALF were increased in the exposed group when compared to controls. After 30 days of recovery from exposure, a significant reduction in inflammatory parameters of BALF was observed between the exposed and recovered groups. Slight, but significant elevations were noted in the number of AM and PMN in the recovered groups, and AM that had been ingested fume particles still remain in the lungs. In conclusion, these results indicated that welding fumes induced inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity in the lungs of exposed rats. Fume particles were not fully cleared from lungs even after a 30-day recovery period.
Abrasion Behaviors of NR/BR Compounds Using Laboratory Abrasion Tester
( Chae Eun Son ),( Seong Ryong Yang ),( Sung-seen Choi ) 한국고무학회 2021 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.56 No.1
The abrasion behaviors of NR/BR blend vulcanizates were investigated using NR/BR = 100/0, 80/20, and 60/40 compounds. The abrasion test was performed using a laboratory abrasion tester (LAT) at slip angles of 1° and 7°. The size distributions of the wear particles and the abrasion rates were examined according to the rubber compositions and slip angles. The most abundant wear particles at the slip angle of 1° were sizes above 1,000 μm, irrespective of the rubber composition. The most abundant wear particles at 7° slip angle had sizes in the range of 212-500 μm, except for the NR = 100 sample. The wear particle size distribution shifted to a smaller size as the slip angle and BR content increased. The abrasion rate at 7° was much larger than that at 1° slip angle. Furthermore, the abrasion rate was notably increased by adding BR to NR.