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MIN 모듈을 갖는 Hidden Markov Model의 학습 방법에 관한 연구
김대극,이정주,정호균,이상희 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2001 정보통신논문지 Vol.5 No.-
In this paper, we propose the HMM with the MIN module. Because initial and re-estimated variance vectors are important elements for performance in HMM recognition systems, we propose a method which compensates for the mismatched statistical feature of training and test data. The MIN module is an element of the generalized learning vector quantization (GLVQ) network, which generalizes learning conditions of LVQ and minimizes errors of the cost function given to generate optimized reference vectors. The proposed hybrid HMM/MIN module is a unified network in which the observation probability in the HMM is replaced by the MIN module neural network. Two kinds of experiments were performed to compare the performance of the proposed HMM and the conventional HMM.
金載弘,文勝周,金相厚 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1988 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.23 No.-
生存鷄로부터 體內 蓄積脂肪量을 좀더 정확히 脂定하는데 必要한 기초자료를 얻고자 體內脂肪의 蓄積分布特性을 살펴보았다. 供試材料는 白色 Comish種과 白色 Plymouth Rock種 및 이 두 品種間 交雜種의 56日羚 암탉이었으며 얻어진 결과를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1) 8週羚時 屠殺된 Comish種, 雜種 및 Rock種의 體重은 各各 1715.6g, 1500.9g 및 1481.9g이었고, 體脂肪總量은 각각 173.5g, 156.7g 및 128.0g 으로 이 두 形質 모두 Rock種에서 有意的으로 작지만 p중에 대한 體脂肪總量 比率은 9.7%內外로 鷄種間에 有意差가 없었다. 2) 體種에 대한 皮下脂肪量 比率은 Comish種과 雜種에서 5.8%와 5.7%로 Rock種의 4.7%보다 有意的으로 높지만 體脂肪總量에 대한 皮下脂肪量 比率은 各各 57.2%, 55.5%, 및 53.4%로 鷄種間에 有意差가 인정되지 않았다. 筋肉脂肪量은 皮下脂肪量과는 달리 28.9g內外로 鷄種間 差異가 없고 體種에 대한 筋肉脂肪量은 比率도 1.8% 內外로 差異가 없다. 그러나 體脂肪總量에 대한 筋肉脂肪量의 比率은 Comish種과 雜種에서 各各 16.8%와 18.4%로 Rock種의 22.4%보다 현저히 낮다.(p,0.05) Rock種의 腹腔脂肪量(31.2g)은 Comish種(45.4g)에 비해 有意的(p,0.05)으로 적다. 그리고 腹腔脂肪量의 體重에 대한 比率이나 體脂肪總量에 대한 比率도 Rock種에서 各各 21%와 24.2%로 Comish種의 2.6%와 26.0%보다 낮은 경향을 보이나 有意性은 인정되지 않았다. 3) 皮下脂肪量, 筋肉脂肪量, 및 腹腔脂肪量의 體重에 대한 比率이나 體脂肪總量에 대한 比率은 모두가 體重의 大中小群間에 有意差가 나지 않았다. 따라서 前迷한 形質들의 鷄種間 差異는 體重의 差異 때문에 發生한 것이 아니다. 4) 體 各部位內 蓄積脂肪量間 相關係數의 鷄種間差異는 有意性이 인정되지 않았다. 調査鷄 全體로 計算된 體 各部位의 蓄積脂肪量間 相關係數는 皮下脂肪量과 腹腔脂肪間에 높고(r=0.51, p,0.01), 筋肉脂肪量과 皮下脂肪量間(r=0.13) 및 筋肉脂肪量과 腹腔脂肪量間(r=0.15)에는 有意性이 인정되지 않았다. This study was conducted to obtain more detailed informations on the characteristics of body fat distribution in meat type chicken breeders. A total of 30 birds 10 female chicks for White Cornish, White Plymouth Rock and Crossbred of these two breeds, were used. All birds were examined at 8 weeks of age, and the results obtained in this study were summerized as follows . 1) The body weights and total body fat amounts of cornish breed(1715.6g. and 173.5g.) and Crossbred(1500.9g. and 156.7g ) were significantly higher than those of Rock breed(1481.9g. and 128.0g.), but the differences of total body fat percentage among breeds were not significant. 2) The percentages of skin fat amounts to body weight in Cornish and Crossbred breeds were 5.8% and 5.7% respectively, and these percentages were significantly higher than that of Rock breed(4.7%). However, there were no significant differences among breeds for skin fat percentage to the total body fat amount. The proportion of skin fat pooled over three breeds was about 55.5% of total body fat amount. 3) The muscle fat amount and percentage pooled over three breeds were about 28.9g. and 1.8% of body weight, and there were no differences among breeds. However, muscle fat percentage to the total body fat amount in Rock breed(22.4%) was significantly higher than that in Cornish(16.8%) and in Crossbred(18.4%) breeds. 4) The abdominal fat amount of Rock breed(31.2%) was significantly lower than that of Cornish breed(45.4g.). And also the abdominial fat amount percentages to the body weight and to the total body fat weight of Rock breed(2.1% and 24.2%) were lower than those of Cornish breed(2.65% and 26.0%), but those differences were not significant. 5) The every weight proportions of skin fat. muscle fat and abdominal fat to the body weight or to the total body fat weight were similar from three groups of body weight. These results indicate that the breed differences of observed fat deposition characteristics were not affected by body weight. 6) The breed differenced were not observed for the degree of corrdlation between deposited fat weights in different body locations. In pooled over three breeds, muscle fat amount had very low correlations with the skin fat amount(r=0.13) or with the abdominal fat amount (r=0.15), but the correlation coefficient between the amounts of skin fat and abdominal fat was very high(r=0.51,p,0.01)
주성후(Sung Hoo Ju),양재웅(Jae Woong Yang) 한국표면공학회 2012 한국표면공학회지 Vol.45 No.1
Multilayer passivation film on OLED with organic/inorganic hybrid structure as to diminish the thermal stress and expansion was researched to protect device from the direct damage of O2 and H2O and improve life time characteristics. Red OLED doped with 1 vol.% Rubrene in Alq3 was used as a basic device. The films consist of ITO(150 nm)/ELM200_HIL(50 nm)/ELM002_HTL(30 nm)/ Alq3: 1 vol.% Rubrene(30 nm)/Alq3(30 nm) and LiF(0.7 nm)/Al(100 nm) which were formed in that order. Using LiF/SiNx as a buffer layer was determined because it significantly improved life time characteristics without suffering damage in the process of forming passivation film. Multilayer passivation film on buffer layer didn"t produce much change in current efficiency, while the half life time at 1,000 cd/㎡ of OLED/LiF/SiNx/E1/SiNx was 710 hours which showed about 1.5 times longer than OLED/LiF/SiNx/E1 with 498 hours. futhermore, OLED/LiF/SiNx/E1/SiNx/E1/SiNx with 1301 hours showed about twice than OLED/LiF/SiNx/E1/SiNx which demonstrated that superior characteristics of life time was obtained in multilayer passivation film. Through the above result, it was suggested using LiF/SiNx as a buffer layer could reduce the damage from the difference of thermal expansion coefficient in OLED with protective films, and epoxy layer in multilayer passivation film could function like a buffer between SiNx inorganic layers with relatively large thermal stress.
바이오매스-암모니아 혼소 및 air-staging 적용을 통해 생성된 CO₂ 및 NO 배출 특성 연구
박성진(Sung-Jin Park),김성주(Seong-Ju Kim),조성호(Sung-Ho Jo),임호태(Ho-Tae Lim),박선영(Sun-Young Park),이후경(Hoo-Kyung Lee),윤상준(Sang-Jun Yoon),문지홍(Ji-Hong Moon),라호원(Ho-Won Ra),윤성민(Sung-Min Yoon),이재구(Jae-Goo Lee),문태영( 한국에너지기후변화학회 2023 한국에너지기후변화학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11
주성후(Sung Hoo Ju),양재웅(Jae Woong Yang) 한국표면공학회 2007 한국표면공학회지 Vol.40 No.2
To investigate the characteristics of green light-emitting OLED device, C545T material with Alq 3 was doped in the OLED device of ITO(1500)/2-TNATA(400 A)/NPB(80 A)/Alq₃:C545T(160 A)/Alq₃(240 A)/LiF(3 A)/ Al(2400 A) structure, which was used as a activator at the respective concentration of 0.5 vol.%, 1 vol.%, 2 vol.% and 3 vol.%. It was observed from the experiments that the device efficiency firstly increased with the increase of C545T concentration and the maximum efficiency of 10.9 cd/A and 4.28 ㏐/W was obtained at C545T concentration of 1 vol.%, and then the device efficiency decreased as the C545T activator concentration increased above 2 vol.% contents, while the longest lifetime of over 750 hours was obtained at C545T concentration of 1 vol.%.
Ju, Sang-Jun,Jang, Gun-Eik,Jang, Yeo-Won,Kim, Hyun-Hoo,Lee, Cheon The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2016 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.17 No.3
The CrN/TiN/Al thin films for solar selective absorber were prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering with multi targets. The binary nitride CrN layer deposited with change in N<sub>2</sub> gas flow rates. The gas mixture of Ar and N2 was an important parameter during sputtering deposition because the metal volume fraction (MVF) was controlled by the N2 gas flow rate. In this study, the crystallinity and surface properties of the CrN/TiN/Al thin films were estimated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The composition and depth profile of thin films were investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The absorptance and reflectance with wavelength spectrum were recorded by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry at a range of 300~1,100 nm.