독립출판 증가현상의 사회적·심리적 요인

구선아(Gu, Suna),장원호(Jang, Wonho) 지역사회학회 2018 지역사회학 Vol.19 No.1

최근 개인 또는 소규모 공동체가 자신의 취향과 관심사를 모아 책자 형태로 출간하는 독립출판이 급속도로 늘고 있다. 독립출판이란 출판물의 기획부터 제작, 홍보, 유통까지 자본과 시스템의 도움을 받지 않고 제작자가 독립적으로 진행하는 것을 의미한다. 기성 출판문화의 하위문화 형태로 처음 나타난 독립출판은 저항성, 창조성, 고유성, 자주성과 주로 도시에서 나타난다는 특징을 가지며, 기존 출판문화의변화, 온라인 플랫폼의 확장과 독립서점 증가에 따른 독립출판 시장 변화 때문에 더욱 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 독립출판물 증가 현상의 사회심리적 요인을 분석하기 위해 먼저 최근 독립출판 시장과 독립서점 현황을 조사하였다. 이 과정에서 실제 독립출판제작을 하는 독립출판 제작자 10명을 심층 인터뷰하였다. 연구 결과, 사회적 요인으로는 미디어 환경의 변화, 출판문화의 변화, 독립서점의 증가, 사회적 담론의 공론화 현상이 중요 요인으로 분석되었고, 심리적 요인으로는 자기표현 욕구의 발현과 개인 취향의 다양성을 확인할 수 있었다. This paper deals with the increase of independent publication by individuals or groups who try to publish their own tastes and interests. Independent publication can be defined as private publication by individuals or groups who plan the publication of the books and publish and distribute the books without professional publishing companies. It has started as sub-culture against mainstream publication culture. Thus, it has shown the characteristics of resistance, independency, identity, and creativity. The current increase of the independent publication is due to the change of publication culture and to rapid extension of online platforms. The increase of independent bookstores has also contributed to the growth of independent publication. This paper analyzes the social and psychological factors for the increase of independent publication. In so doing, the paper has conducted in-depth interviews with ten producers of the independent publication. As a result, the change of media environment and publication culture, increase of independent bookstores, and new social discourses can be considered main social factors for the increase of independent publication. As for psychological factors, increasing desire for self-expression and diversification of personal tastes can be raised.

Influence of <i>CYP2D6</i> Polymorphism on the Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Carvedilol in Healthy Korean Volunteers

Jung, Eben,Ryu, Sunae,Park, Zewon,Lee, Jong-Gu,Yi, Jung-Yeon,Seo, Doo Won,Lee, Juhyun,Jeong, Ho-Sang,Kim, Jeong Mi,Oh, Woo-Yong KOREAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.33 No.27

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Carvedilol is commonly used to treat hypertension as a β- and α<SUB>1</SUB>-adrenoreceptor blocker, but it is metabolized by <I>CYP2D6,</I> and <I>CYP2D6<SUP>*</SUP>10</I> allele is dominant in Asian population. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of <I>CYP2D6</I> polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of carvedilol in healthy Korean volunteers.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A PK/PD study for a single and multiple dosing of carvedilol were conducted. All volunteers in 3 genotypic groups received single oral dose of carvedilol 12.5 mg for 3 days, then 25 mg QD for 5 days, and 12.5 mg QD for another 3 days. PK parameters for carvedilol and its three metabolites were determined using non-compartmental analysis. For PD properties, blood pressure, heart rate, and the chronotropic dose 25 (CD25) value were obtained.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The IM_2 group with two <I><SUP>*</SUP>10</I> alleles (intermediate metabolizers) exhibited lower clearance of carvedilol as well as higher area under the curve (AUC) for O-desmethyl carvedilol. The ratio of CD25 to baseline at multiple dosing was significantly higher in the combined IM group (IM_1 and IM_2) than in the EM group, however, the ratio of CD25 after single and multiple dosing and the other PD markers were not significantly different between the 3 genotypic groups compared with the baseline.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These findings showed that <I>CYP2D6</I> genotype influenced the PK characteristics of carvedilol and no differences in PD response were observed in Korean healthy volunteers.</P><P><B>Trial Registration</B></P><P>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02286934</P>

Overexpression of sirtuin 6 suppresses allergic airway inflammation through deacetylation of GATA3

Jang, Hyun-Young,Gu, Suna,Lee, Sang-Myeong,Park, Byung-Hyun Elsevier 2016 The journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.138 No.5

Immunological Compatibility of Bone Tissues from Alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase Knockout Pig for Xenotransplantation

Kim, Se Eun,Kang, Kyung Won,Gu, Suna,Hwang, Seongsoo,Ock, Sun A,Shim, Kyung Mi,Jang, Kwangsik,Choi, Seok Hwa,Lee, Sang-Myeong,Kang, Seong Soo Hindawi 2018 BioMed research international Vol.2018 No.-

<P>We investigated whether the lack of galactosyltransferase (<I>α</I>-Gal) expression in bone tissue is associated with reduced immune response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) against pig bone tissue. When human PBMC obtained from heparinized blood of healthy volunteers was stimulated with bone extracts of pigs with <I>α</I>-1,3-galactosyltransferase knock out (<I>α</I>-Gal KO), the proliferation of human PBMCs and production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-<I>α</I> and IL-1<I>β</I> were significantly reduced compared to those stimulated with bone extracts of wild type (WT) pigs. In addition, activation of CD4<SUP>+</SUP> helper T cells and production of IL-2, IFN-<I>γ</I>, and IL-17 were reduced upon stimulation with bone tissue extracts from <I>α</I>-Gal KO pigs. This is possibly due to the lowered activities of the NF-<I>κ</I>B, p38, ERK, and JNK signaling pathways. Our findings can be used to evaluate the compatibility of bone tissues from <I>α</I>-Gal KO pigs with human bone grafting as novel natural biomaterials, thereby increasing the feasibility of future clinical applications.</P>

A hot-water extract of <i>Sanguisorba officinalis</i> ameliorates endotoxin-induced septic shock by inhibiting inflammasome activation : HSO attenuates inflammasome activation

Seo, Dong-Won,Cho, Yong-Il,Gu, Suna,Kim, Da-Hee,Yi, Young-Joo,Lee, Sang-Myeong Center for Academic Publications Japan 2018 Microbiology and immunology Vol.62 No.1

<P>The inflammasome is a multiprotein signaling complex that mediates inflammatory innate immune responses through caspase 1 activation and subsequent IL-1 secretion. However, because its aberrant activation often leads to inflammatory diseases, targeting the inflammasome holds promise for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. In this study, it was found that a hot-water extract of Sanguisorba officinalis (HSO) suppresses inflammasome activation triggered by adenosine 5-triphosphate, nigericin, microbial pathogens, and double stranded DNA in bone marrow-derived macrophages. HSO was found to significantly suppress IL-1 production in a dose-dependent manner; this effect correlated well with small amounts of caspase 1 and little ASC pyroptosome formation in HSO-treated cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of HSO was further confirmed in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced septic shock. Oral administration of HSO reduced IL-1 titers in the serum and peritoneal cavity, increasing the survival rate. Taken together, our results suggest that HSO is an inhibits inflammasome activation through nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain 3, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat caspase recruitment domain 4 and absent in melanoma 2 pathways, and may be useful for treatment of inflammasome-mediated diseases.</P>

Effect of polymorphisms of GBP1, Mx1 and CD163 genes in pigs infected with PRRSV

Nadeem Shabir,Pengxia Niu,Amina Khatun,Byoung Joo Seo,Suna Gu,Sang Myoung Lee,Kwan Suk Kim,Won Il Kim 대한수의학회 2015 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.-

Effects of <i>CYP2C19</i> Genetic Polymorphisms on PK/PD Responses of Omeprazole in Korean Healthy Volunteers

Park, Sunny,Hyun, Yang Jin,Kim, Yu Ran,Lee, Ju Hyun,Ryu, Sunae,Kim, Jeong Mi,Oh, Woo-Yong,Na, Han Sung,Lee, Jong Gu,Seo, Doo Won,Hwang, In Yeong,Park, Zewon,Jang, In-Jin,Oh, Jaeseong,Choi, Seung Eun The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2017 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.32 No.5

<P>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of <I>CYP2C19*2</I> and <I>*3</I> genetic polymorphisms on omeprazole pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) responses. Twenty-four healthy Korean volunteers were enrolled and given 20 mg omeprazole orally once daily for 8 days. The genotypes of <I>CYP2C19</I> single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (<I>*2</I>, <I>*3</I>, and <I>*17</I>) were screened. The plasma concentrations of omeprazole, omeprazole sulfone, and 5-hydroxy (5-OH) omeprazole were determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The noncompartmental method was used for the determination of PK parameters. Change of mean pH and proportion (%) of time of gastric pH above 4.0 were estimated. The poor metabolizer (PM) group had the lowest metabolic ratio and exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC) for omeprazole among the <I>CYP2C19</I> phenotype groups. The PM group showed the greatest change of mean pH and the highest % time of gastric pH above 4.0. The relationship between AUC of omeprazole and % time of gastric pH above 4.0 was confirmed. The study demonstrates that <I>CYP2C19*2</I> and <I>*3</I> influence the PKs and PDs of omeprazole in Korean healthy volunteers. Clinical trial registry at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (https://clinicaltrials.gov), number NCT02299687.</P>