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( Srinivasan Shanmugam ),( Rengarajan Baskaran ),( Prabagar Balakrishnan ),( Pritam Thapa ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Bong Kyu Yoo ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2012 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.22 No.0
The objectives of this study was to prepare solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) containing phosphatidylcholine (PC), an endogenous phospholipid with excellent in vivo solubilization capacity, as oil phase for the delivery of bioactive carotenoid lutein, by spray drying the SNEDDS (liquid system) containing PC using colloidal silica (Aerosil® 200 VV Pharma) as the inertsolid carrier, and to evaluate the enhanced bioavailability (BA) of lutein from S-SNEDDS. The droplet size analyses revealed droplet size of less than 100 nm. The solid state characterization of S-SNEDDS by SEM, DSC, and XRPD revealed the absence of crystalline lutein in the S-SNEDDS. The bioavailability study performed in rabbits resulted in enhanced values of C(max) and AUC for S-SNEDDS. The enhancement of C(max) for S-SNEDDS was about 21-folds and 8-folds compared with lutein powder (LP) and commercial product (CP), respectively. The relative BA of S-SNEDDScompared with CP or LP was 2.74-folds or 11.79-folds, respectively. These results demonstrated excellent ability of S-SNEDDS containing PC as oil phase to enhance the BA of lutein in rabbits. Thus, S-SNEDDS containing PC as oil phase could be a useful lipid drug delivery system for enhancing the BA of lutein in vivo.
Boby Ignatius,Muthukumarasamy Srinivasan,Srinivasan Balakrishnan 한국해양과학기술원 2011 Ocean science journal Vol.46 No.3
The sandbird octopus Amphioctopus aegina (Gray,1849) is one of the important octopod species in trawl catches in Mandapam waters (Palk Bay). The reproductive biology of this species from these waters was studied from October 2001to September 2002. In the majority of months(Jan-June), the sex ratio was biased towards males. The ratios of males to females increased consistently with respect to weight Total weight at first maturity were 78.78g for females and 40.8 g for males. Four maturity stags were recognized for females and two for males. Maturation and spawning occur all year round, with a peak during October and another peak during January-February. In males, no definite seasonal changes were observed in gonadosomatic index (GSI) values. In females there were two peaks in GSI values during October and January-February. For individuals of a DML range of 67-85 mm fecundity varied between 2,962-8,820 oocytes. The average relative fecundity was estimated at 68 to 83 and the average number oocytes per gram of ovary were 488 to 539.
Novel Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution of Lutein
Jeoung Hee Yoo,Srinivasan Shanmugam,Pritam Thapa,이응석,Prabagar Balakrishnan,Rengarajan Baskaran,Sang-Kwon Yoon,최한곤,용철순,유봉규,한건 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.3
Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing oil (Phosal 53 MCT), surfactant (Labrasol), and cosurfactant (Transcutol-HP or Lutrol-E400) was prepared to enhance solubility and dissolution of lutein. Ternary phase diagram of the SNEDDS was constructed to identify the self-emulsifying regions following which the percentage of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant in the SNEDDS were optimized in terms of emulsification time and mean emulsion droplet size. The optimized SNEDDS consists of 25% oil, 60% surfactant, and 15% cosurfactant. When measured using USP XXIII dissolution apparatus II, the emulsification time of the SNEDDS prepared with Transcutol-HP as cosurfactant was less than 20 sec, and it was 20-30 sec in the SNEDDS prepared with Lutrol-E400. Mean emulsion droplet size was slightly smaller when Transcutol-HP was used as cosurfactant (80 ± 6 nm), compared to when Lutrol-E400 was used (93 ± 6 nm). Dissolution of lutein from the solid SNEDDS (physical mixture of the optimized SNEDDS and Aerosil 200) took place immediately (less than 5 min) in distilled water, and, once dissolved, no precipitation or aggregation of the drug were observed. In contrast, no drug was released from lutein powder or from the commercial product (Eyelac®) until 3 h of the study duration.