Suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha normalizes the glucolipotoxicity-induced decreased BETA2/NeuroD gene transcription and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats.

Kim, Ji-Won,You, Young-Hye,Ham, Dong-Sik,Cho, Jae-Hyoung,Ko, Seung-Hyun,Song, Ki-Ho,Son, Ho-Young,Suh-Kim, Haeyoung,Lee, In-Kyu,Yoon, Kun-Ho Association for the Study of Internal Secretions 2009 Endocrinology Vol.150 No.9

<P>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is significantly elevated in the islets of animal models of diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism has not been clarified. We investigated whether the suppression of PGC-1alpha expression protects against beta-cell dysfunction in vivo and determined the mechanism of action of PGC-1alpha in beta-cells. The studies were performed in glucolipotixicity-induced primary rat islets and INS-1 cells. In vitro and in vivo approaches using adenoviruses were used to evaluate the role of PGC-1alpha in glucolipotoxicity-associated beta-cell dysfunction. The expression of PGC-1alpha in cultured beta-cells increased gradually with glucolipotoxicity. The overexpression of PGC-1alpha also suppressed the expression of the insulin and beta-cell E-box transcription factor (BETA2/NeuroD) genes, which was reversed by PGC-1alpha small interfering RNA (siRNA). BETA2/NeuroD, p300-enhanced BETA2/NeuroD, and insulin transcriptional activities were significantly suppressed by Ad-PGC-1alpha but were rescued by Ad-siPGC-1alpha. PGC-1alpha binding at the glucocorticoid receptor site on the BETA2/NeuroD promoter increased in the presence of PGC-1alpha. Ad-siPGC-1alpha injection through the celiac arteries of 90% pancreatectomized diabetic rats improved their glucose tolerance and maintained their fasting insulin levels. The suppression of PGC-1alpha expression protects the glucolipotoxicity-induced beta-cell dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. A better understanding of the functions of molecules such as PGC-1alpha, which play key roles in intracellular fuel regulation, could herald a new era of the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by providing protection from glucolipotoxicity, which is an important cause of the development and progression of the disease.</P>

기업 이미지 향상을 위한 환경색채계획

송인호 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 論文集 Vol.47 No.2

Umlike previous periods, the concept of an office can be defined as an intellectual factory in terms of capability of production and a dwelling in the information era. Therefore, an environmental plan should be concerned as the degree of pleasantness in order to increase in intellectual productivity and creativity. In addition, because of various types of offices and diversified work, it is the trend that expressing corporate image is very aggressive in terms of corporate identity. This tendency has resulted in the idea of environmental coloring for different types of work. In other words, it will be an important point of office design in the future that making various atmosphere for satisfying various demand should be based on the side view of environmental coloring. This study tries to introduce the main stream of the office environmental coloring in the developed countries. Accordingly, it examines the possibility of the application of environmental coloring plan in Korea. Finally, it also presents the direction of the coloring plan for CI improvement,

상업건축물 사인계획의 접근방법에 관한 연구

송인호 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 論文集 Vol.49 No.2

Today, the ways of constructing cities and environments have been significantly developed due to an advanced technology. These constructions are complicated in terms of not only a scale and but also composition. Thus, it is possible that the communication problem can be occured between Human being and Commercial space. Without considering the communication problem, newly constructed spaces would be Excluded-Human-Space . In order to avoid a such problem, a practical use to the sign shoul be expected. On the other hand, a sign environment has been changed in our society because of historical conversion from the industrial society to the information society. In the future, infomation society is expected to produce a huge amount of infomation through the advanced technology of a computer, and the value of information would be one of the most important factors for production. Therefore, developing a new technology of sign plan that can be adjusted in new environment is necessary in the future. Moreover, consummers tastes have also changed from a quatitative choice to a qualitative choice. In other words, consummers' behavior, life style, and the way of thinking are different from yesterday. Because of these reasons, the value of a commercial product represents its meaningful symbol. Therefore it is one of the important themes that how to introduce the value of a commercial product to variuos consummers in complicated commercial space. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the basic functions and the shape of the sign, and to consider the sign plan in the perspective of the city environment. Besides, it represents the meaning and the role of the sign in the city environment, and suggests the new direction and the way of design approach of the sign in commercial space.

Effects of 17β-estradiol on colorectal cancer development after azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium treatment of ovariectomized mice

Song, Chin-Hee,Kim, Nayoung,Lee, Sun Min,Nam, Ryoung Hee,Choi, Soo In,Kang, So Ra,Shin, Eun,Lee, Dong Ho,Lee, Ha-Na,Surh, Young-Joon Elsevier 2019 Biochemical pharmacology Vol.164 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Estrogen is known to have a protective effect in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Previously, we reported the anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated male mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ovariectomy in a female AOM/DSS mouse model increases colorectal tumorigenesis and whether tumorigenesis is reduced by estrogen supplementation after ovariectomy. Clinical symptoms and histological severity of colitis and the levels of inflammatory mediators were evaluated in the colon of AOM/DSS-treated ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The levels of E2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and NF-κB-dependent cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR and Western blot analysis were performed. Ovariectomy did not aggravate AOM/DSS-induced colitis at 2 weeks. At weeks 10 and 16, ovariectomy significantly increased tumor number and incidence rate in only the proximal colon after AOM/DSS treatment (F_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS), and these increases were significantly reduced by E2 supplementation (OVX_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS/E2). However, ovariectomy did not affect CRC development in the distal colon (F_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS). At week 2, E2 administration to AOM/DSS-treated OVX mice attenuated the histological severity of colitis by decreasing the protein and/or mRNA levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and NF-κB-related mediators (i.e., COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6) and by enhancing estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression and the mRNA expression of related antioxidant enzyme genes (i.e., HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, and NQO1). Endogenous estrogen in females protects against the development of proximal colon cancer, and exogenous E2 replacement in OVX female mice showed protective effects against AOM/DSS-induced colitis and carcinogenesis. The mechanism could involve modulating ERs-, NF-κB- and Nrf2-mediated pathways.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

심장수술 시 농축적혈구, 자가수혈기 혈액, 체외 순환기 혈액에서의 유리 혈색소 농도 비교

송장호,구승우,백종화,정용보,이정순,최인철 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.5

Background: Intraoperative autotransfusion or residual blood in a cardiopulmonaty bypass (CPB) circuit has been used to reduce the need for an homologous blood transfutsion during cardiac surgery. However, it may contain some free hemoglobin released from damaged cells. The load of blood containing free hemoglobin may cause renal dysfunction. We measured the amount of free hemoglobin in backed blood, cell saver blood and CPB blood to evaluate what is the least hemolytic blood transfused in cardiac surgery. Methods: This study was performed in 20 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In each patient, the banked blood, intraoperative salvaged blood with a cell saver and CPB residual blood were sampled at the end of the operation. The concentration of free hemoglobin, hemoglobin and platelet counts were measured in these blood samples and percent of hemolysis was calculated (%hemolysis = [free hemoglobin] / .free hemogloben + hemoglobin]) Results: In salvaged blood with a cell saver, CPB residual blood and banked blood, hemoglobin concentrations were 20.1 ± 2.7 g/dl, 8.0 ± 1.1 g/dl, and 22.2 ± 2.7 g/dl, respectively. Free hemoglobin concentrations were 336.6 ± 239.5 mg/dl, 49.2 ± 26.8 mg/dl, and 279.5 ± 167.5 mg/dl respectively. Platelet counts were 26.1 ± 22.2 × 10^3/mm^3, 116.8 ± 56.5 × 10^3/mm^3, and 94.9 ± 43.6 × 10^3/mm^3 respectively. % Hemolysis were 1.6 ± 1.1%, 0.6 ± 0.4%, and 1.2 ± 0.7% respectively. In the comparison between the salvaged blood with a cell saver and CPB residual blood, free hemoglobin concentration, % hemolysis, and platelet counts had positive correlations (r = 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6). Conclusions: In twenty cardiac surgeries, CPB residual blood had a lower free hemoglobin level than the other two blood groups. The platelet counts in CPB residual blood were higher than those in cell saver blood but did not differ from those in banked blood. Therefore, CPB residual blood was the least hemolytic blood among the three blood groups when a transfusion was performed in cardiac surgery. (Korean J Acesthesiol 2002; 43: 588~593)

Hardware-in-the-loop 시뮬레이션을 이용한 차량의 종방향 제어기 설계 및 검증

송봉섭(Bongsob Song),백운혁(Woon-Hyuk Baek),신영호(Young-Ho Shin),송호인(Ho-In Song) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In this paper, design and validation procedures for a longitudinal controller via hardware-in-the-loop simulation are presented. As new technologies related with ECU and in-vehicle network have been developed, the corresponding longitudinal controller for velocity control of the vehicle needs to be modified and validated experimentally. Since much development cost and effort during the design and validation process are in general required, a relatively quick and efficient design and validation method via hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) is proposed in the paper. Finally speed controller based on Dynamic Surface Control is designed and its performance results are validated via HILS.

晋州地方의 諸 氣象要素에 關한 分析的 硏究 : 第5報 雲量의 變化에 關하여 (1931~'60) 5. On the Changes of Cloud amount(1931~'60)

宋珍燮,崔文錫,金仁湖 慶尙大學校 1974 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

1931年 1月부터 1960年 12月까지 晉州地方의 雲量에 관하여 調査 分析되어진 바를 要約하면; (1) 年中 雲量의 平年値(Normals)는 4.7로 나타나고 있으며, (2) 年別 年中의 變化는 1958年의 4.0으로 最低이고 1946年과 1952年의 5.1이 最高를 보이고 있다. (3) 觀測全年의 季節別 雲量의 最低値는 冬季의 3.6이고 夏季의 6.2가 最高値를 나타내고 있다. (4) 年中의 月別 雲量가운데 12月과 1月의 3.5가 最低이고 7月의 6.8이 最高値를 보여 주고 있다. (5) 全年의 흐림, 개임 및 맑음의 日數의 百分率은 各各 42.5%, 20.3% 및 37.2%를 나타내고 있다. In the district of Jinju, the statistical reserch on the cloud amount has been carried out from the matterials which is observed at The Office of Rural Development, Gyeongnam Province from Jan. 1931 to Dec. 1960. To analyze the data numerically, the mean value has been calcuted daily, dekad and monthly during the years. The normal values are listed on the Table (1), (2), (3) and (4). The changes of dekad, monthly and yearly are plotted on Fig (1) and (2). From the tables and figures, the results are summarized as follows: 1) The annual value of the cloud amount is 4.7. 2) In the yearly changes, the lowest mean value is 4.0 in 1958 and the highest is 5.1 in 1952. 3) In the seasonal changes, the lowest mean value is 3.6 in winter and the highest is 6.2 in summer. 4) In the monthly changes, the lowest mean value is 3.5 in Dec. and the highest is 6.8 in July. 5) In the dekad changes, the lowest mean value is 3.1 inthe 3rd ekad in Fed. and the highestis 7.7 in the lst in July. 6) In the daily changes, the lowest mean value is 8.1 i Jan. 27the and the highest is 8.3 in June 29th and July 10th. 7) The percentage of annual Cloudy, Fair and Clear days are 42.5%, 20.3% adn 37.2%.

상업공간에 있어서 도입부의 유형과 공간구성에 관한 연구

송인호 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 論文集 Vol.48 No.2

A design of the commercial space must be one of the most important parts for sti^++mulating the volumes of sales under the system of the large amount of production and many distribution industries. Besides, it also plays an important role in order to satisfy the various consumer's demand comming from being improved the quality of life. Especially, the part of entrance provides the information of the commercial space as an advertising campaign. Moreover, it can be an important part of the structure of external space. Therefore, the part of entrance should be considered as a part of a store and it is related to the outside of the commercial space in terms of capability and expression. This study introduces the characteristics of the part of entrance in the commercial space and investigates how those characteristics are related each other. Accordingly, it explains how the results of this study can be applied to the commercial space in reality. Besides, it suggests the new direction of the space composition in the commercial space based upon the relationship between types of business and the part of entrance. A design of the part of entrance in the commercial space requires harmony and order through all the area, rather than emphasizing an individuality. Finally, it should adopt the human-oriented approach in terms of urban environment in general.

Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins: Implications in brain health and diseases

Jha, Mithilesh Kumar,Kim, Jong-Heon,Song, Gyun Jee,Lee, Won-Ha,Lee, In-Kyu,Lee, Ho-Won,An, Seong Soo A.,Kim, SangYun,Suk, Kyoungho Elsevier 2018 Progress in neurobiology Vol.162 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Astrocytes are important regulators of brain functions, and crucial functions are executed via astrocyte-secreted proteins. </LI> <LI> Astrocyte-secreted proteins play key roles in physiological processes and execute both detrimental and beneficial actions in CNS disorders. </LI> <LI> Understanding the many functions of astrocyte-secreted proteins under specific spatiotemporal conditions may lead to major advancements in astrocyte biology. </LI> <LI> Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins can facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

센서 네트워크에서의 데이타 수집을 위한 라우팅 기법

송인철(In Chul Song),노요한(Yohan Roh),현동준(Dongjoon Hyun),김명호(Myoung Ho Kim) 한국정보과학회 2006 정보과학회논문지 : 데이타베이스 Vol.33 No.2

연속 질의는 센서 네트워크에서 일반적으로 사용되는 질의로서, 한 번 요청되면 일정한 주기로 여러 번 실행되어 그 질의의 결과를 베이스 스테이션으로 모은다. 이것은 지속적으로 많은 메시지 전송을 유발시키므로 베이스 스테이션으로 데이타를 모으는 데 드는 통신 비용을 줄이는 것이 중요하다. 센서 네트워크에서 네트워크내 프로세싱 기법은 중간 노드에서 집계 질의의 결과 데이타들에 대해 부분 집계를 수행하거나 그 데이타들을 하나의 메시지에 담아 보냄으로써 메시지 전송 횟수를 줄이며, 이것은 결국 통신 비용을 줄인다. 본 논문에서는 질의별로 구성되는 라우팅 트리인 질의 기반 라우팅 트리(Query Specific Routing Tree: QSRT)를 제안한다. QSRT의 핵심 아이디어는 네트워크내 프로세싱의 기회를 최대화하는 것이다. QSRT는 질의가 전달되는 과정을 통해 생성되며, 질의의 결과들이 베이스 스테이션으로 전달되는 도중 가능한 한 빨리 서로 만나게 만들어 부분 집계 및 패킷 합병의 기회를 최대화시킨다. 수행된 실험의 결과는 제안된 QSRT가 기존의 라우팅 트리보다 메시지 전송 횟수를 18% 이상 줄일 수 있음을 보여 준다. Once a continuous query, which is commonly used in sensor networks, is issued, the query is executed many times with a certain interval and the results of those query executions are collected to the base station. Since this comes many communication messages continuously, it is important to reduce communication cost for collecting data to the base station. In sensor networks, in-network processing reduces the number of message transmissions by partially aggregating results of an aggregate query in intermediate nodes, or merging the results in one message, resulting in reduction of communication cost. In this paper, we propose a routing tree for sensor nodes that qualify the given query predicate, called the query specific routing tree(QSRT). The idea of the QSRT is to maximize in-network processing opportunity. A QSRT is created seperately for each query during dissemination of the query. It is constructed in such a way that during the collection of query results partial aggregation and packet merging of intermediate results can be fully utilized. Our experimental results show that our proposed method can reduce message transmissions more than 18% compared to the existing one.