The framingham risk score, diet, and inflammatory markers in Korean men with metabolic syndrome

Cheongmin Sohn,Juyong Kim,Wookyung Bae 한국영양학회 2012 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.6 No.3

The Framingham risk score (FRS) has been used to assess the risk of a cardiovascular event and to identify patients for risk factor modifications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the FRS with dietary intake and inflammatory biomarkers. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 180 men (49.2 ± 10.2 years) with MS. Serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adiponectin were examined. Participants were asked to complete the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using the previous 1 year as a reference point. The absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk percentage over 10 years was calculated to estimate the FRS, which was classified as low risk (< 10%), intermediate risk (10-20%), and high risk (> 20%). Mean intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower in subjects who had > 20% FRS than in subjects who had < 10% FRS (3.7 ± 1.9 g/day vs. 4.7 ± 1.9 g/day; P < 0.05). Significant differences in the Index of Nutritional Quality of protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin C were observed between the > 20% FRS group and the < 10% FRS group (P < 0.05). IL-6 concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with a < 10% FRS than in subjects who were 10-20% FRS or > 20% FRS (0.91 ± 0.26 vs. 1.48 ± 033 vs. 2.72 ± 0.57 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). IL-6 and dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids together explained 6.6% of the variation in FRS levels in a stepwise multiple regression model. Our results provide some evidence that dietary intake in the higher CVD risk group was inferior to that in the lower risk group and that dietary fat intake and IL-6 were associated with FRS and MS in Korean men.

Evaluation of medical nutrition therapy using the food-based index of dietary inflammatory potential (FBDI) in diabetes mellitus patients

Cheongmin Sohn,Tae Yang Yu,Woori Na 대한지역사회영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.3

Development of dietary pattern evaluation tool for adults and correlation with Dietary Quality Index

Cheongmin Sohn,Yeo Jin Cho,Misung Kim,Kyung-Suk Choi,Kyung Won Kim,Yeo Do Lee 대한지역사회영양학회 2016 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.10 No.3

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: As the prevalence of chronic diseases has risen, the need for straightforward diagnostic tools for monitoring nutrition status to improve nutrition counseling and disease prevention has likewise increased. This study developed an easily usable dietary behavior pattern diagnosis checklist and investigated its correlation with dietary quality index. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A draft dietary pattern evaluation tool was generated by analyzing previous studies. The draft questionnaire comprised 61 questions for assessing dietary habits. A survey was administered to 320 adults (19 to 64 years old) using the dietary pattern evaluation tool and 24-hour-recall method between March and May of 2014 in Jeonbuk province and the metropolitan area. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to identify dietary behavior patterns. Nutritional analysis was conducted using CAN-Pro 4.0, and the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was calculated to assess dietary quality. The correlation between dietary pattern scores and DQI-I scores was also analyzed. RESULTS: The factor analysis resulted in a total of 34 questions mapped to four main dietary behavior patterns: “high fat and calorie” pattern (12 questions), “overeating/binge” pattern (nine questions), “dietary impulse” pattern (eight questions), and “unbalanced food intake” pattern (five questions). The four dietary behavior patterns were negatively correlated with DQI-I adequacy and total scores (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The dietary pattern evaluation tool developed in this study can be used to diagnose a client’s dietary behavior problems and is available as a nutrition counseling tool in the field.

The association between dietary sodium intake and obesity in adults by sodium intake assessment methods: a review of systematic reviews and re-meta-analysis

Lee Jounghee,Sohn Cheongmin,Kim Oh-Yoen,Lee Young-Min,Yoon Mi Ock,Lee Myoungsook 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The scientific evidence of a sodium-obesity association is limited by sodium intake assessments. Our specific aim is to synthesize the association between dietary sodium intake and obesity across the sodium intake assessments as evidenced by systematic reviews in adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A systematic search identified systematic reviews comparing the association of dietary sodium intakes with obesity-related outcomes such as body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, and risk of (abdominal) obesity. We searched PubMed on October 24, 2022. To assess the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS), we employed the ROBIS tool. RESULTS: This review included 3 systematic reviews, consisting of 39 unique observational studies (35 cross-sectional studies and 4 longitudinal studies) and 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We found consistently positive associations between dietary sodium intake and obesity-related outcomes in cross-sectional studies. Studies that used 24-h urine collection indicated a greater BMI for those with higher sodium intake (mean difference = 2.27 kg/m2 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–2.51; P < 0.001; I2 = 77%) compared to studies that used spot urine (mean difference = 1.34 kg/m2 ; 95% CI, 1.13–1.55; P < 0.001; I2 = 95%) and dietary methods (mean difference = 0.85 kg/m2 ; 95% CI, 0.1–1.51; P < 0.05; I2 = 95%). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative synthesis of the systematic reviews has shown that crosssectional associations between dietary sodium intake and obesity outcomes were substantially different across the sodium intake assessments. We need more high-quality prospective cohort studies and RCTs using 24-h urine collection to examine the causal effects of sodium intake on obesity.

Food contributing to fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyols intake in Korean adults

Na Woori,Sohn Cheongmin 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.6

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The dietary intake of foods with fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) is known to adversely affect patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the effects of FODMAP have been studied predominantly among Western populations. This study aimed to identify foods high in FODMAP content which form a part of the Korean adult diet and obtain basic data for the preparation of IBS guidelines. SUBJECTS/METHODS: An online survey of 1,000 adults from the general population in the age group of 20 to 40 years was performed. Data from 787 participants (men, 386; women, 401) were analyzed. The general characteristics of the participants, health status, IBS diagnosis using the Rome III diagnostic criteria, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire findings, and food items causing symptoms were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, 169 participants (21.5%) had IBS. The contribution of the FODMAP nutrients in both IBS and healthy groups was as follows: fructan > lactose > excess fructose > sorbitol > mannitol > galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). The fructan intake was 4.6 ± 2.2 g/day and 4.3 ± 2.5 g/day in the IBS and healthy groups (P = 0.014), respectively. In the IBS group, the ratio of the intake of fructan to the total FODMAP intake was 39.5%, 29.8%, and 5.8% through onions, garlic, and bananas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Fructan was the FODMAP nutrient most consumed by Korean adults. Therefore, given the difference in the dietary habits of each country’s population, the dietary guidelines for IBS should be country specific.

A Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Dyslipidemia in Urban-dwelling Middle-Aged Korean Men: Using Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)

( Woori Na ),( Bonghee Chung ),( Cheongmin Sohn ) 한국임상영양학회 2019 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.8 No.3

An increase in the prevalence of dyslipidemia has been strongly associated with the mortality rate of cardiovascular disease. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and dyslipidemia in adult men aged 40-64 years. A total of 5,643 subjects from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were selected for the final analysis. We analyzed 24-hour dietary recall data. Using principal component analysis, 3 dietary patterns were identified: rice based Korean food pattern, flour based western dietary pattern, and convenience food dietary pattern. The flour based western dietary pattern was significantly and positively associated with total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p for trend < 0.05). With regard to the rice based Korean food pattern, the group with the highest factor score had a significantly lower risk of hyper LDL cholesterolemia (odds ratio [OR], 0.802; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.698-0.922) and high total cholesterol levels (OR, 0.868; 95% CI, 0.761-0.990) than the group with the lowest factor score. For the flour based western dietary pattern the group with the highest factor score showed a significantly high risk of hyper LDL cholesterolemia (OR, 1.189; 95% CI, 1.033-1.367; p for trend < 0.05) than the group with the lowest factor score. Our results showed that the rice based Korean food pattern protected against dyslipidemia. In contrast, the western staple pattern, which is rich in flour and processed foods, was independently associated with dyslipidemia in urban male residents of Korea.

Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone-4) supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Kim, Misung,Na, Woori,Sohn, Cheongmin the Society for Free Radical Research Japan 2013 Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition Vol.53 No.2

<P>Several reports suggest that obesity is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Vitamin K plays an important role in improving bone metabolism. This study examined the effects of vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 supplementation on the biochemical markers of bone turnover and morphological microstructure of the bones by using an obese mouse model. Four-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a 10% fat normal diet group or a 45% kcal high-fat diet group, with or without 200 mg/1000 g vitamin K1 (Normal diet + K1, high-fat diet + K1) and 200 mg/1000 g vitamin K2 (Normal diet + K2, high-fat diet + K2) for 12 weeks.</P><P>Serum levels of osteocalcin were higher in the high-fat diet + K2 group than in the high-fat diet group. Serum OPG level of the high-fat diet group, high-fat diet + K1 group, and high-fat diet + K2 group was 2.31 ± 0.31 ng/ml, 2.35 ± 0.12 ng/ml, and 2.90 ± 0.11 ng/ml, respectively. Serum level of RANKL in the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than that in the high-fat diet + K1 group and high-fat diet + K2 group (<I>p</I><0.05). Vitamin K supplementation seems to tend to prevent bone loss in high-fat diet induced obese state. These findings suggest that vitamin K supplementation reversed the high fat diet induced bone deterioration by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast activities and prevent bone loss in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice.</P>

대학생의 거주형태에 따른 영양상태 및 식사의 질 비교 연구

양지(Yang Ji),손정민(Sohn Cheongmin) 한국생활과학회 2009 한국생활과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

폐경 여성의 근감소증 및 근감소성비만과 심혈관질환 위험도와의 관련성 연구

김미성(Misung Kim),손정민(Cheongmin Sohn) 대한지역사회영양학회 2016 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Relationship between vitamin K status, bone mineral density, and hs-CRP in young Korean women

Misung Kim,Heeseon Kim,Cheongmin Sohn 대한지역사회영양학회 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.4 No.6

Vitamin K intake has been reported as an essential factor for bone formation. The current study was conducted under the hypothesis that insufficient vitamin K intake would affect inflammatory markers and bone mineral density in young adult women. The study was a cross-sectional design that included 75 women in their 20s. Physical assessments, bone mineral density measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls, and biochemical assessments for high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and percentages of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC) were performed. An analysis of vitamin K nutritional status was performed comparing first, second, and third tertiles of intake based on %ucOC in plasma. Vitamin K intake levels in the first, second, and third tertiles were 94.88 ± 51.48 ㎍, 73.85 ± 45.15 ㎍, and 62.58 ± 39.92 ㎍, respectively (P < 0.05). The T-scores of the first and third tertiles were 1.06 and -0.03, respectively, indicating that bone mineral density was significantly lower in the group with lower vitamin K intake (P < 0.05). There was a tendency for different serum hs-CRP concentrations between the first (0.04 ± 0.02) and third tertiles (0.11 ± 0.18), however this was not statistically significant. Regression analysis was performed to identify the correlations between vitamin K nutritional status, inflammatory markers, and bone mineral density after adjusting for age and BMI. Serum hs-CRP concentrations were positively correlated with vitamin K deficiency status (P < 0.05). And bone mineral density, which was represented by speed, was negatively correlated with vitamin K deficiency status (P < 0.05). In conclusion, status of vitamin K affects inflammatory status and bone formation. Therefore, sufficient intake of vitamin K is required to secure peak bone mass in young adult women.