Effects of Bread Yeast Cell Wall Beta-Glucans on Mice with Loperamide-Induced Constipation

Zhuoyi Chen,SuSu Lin,Yu Jiang,Ling Liu,Jinyan Jiang,Shuting Chen,Yingpeng Tong,Ping Wang 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.10

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by changes in intestinal habits. Increasing evidence indicates that long-term use of irritant laxatives causes serious side effects. Meanwhile, more than 50% of patients are dissatisfied with sense of use of non-prescriptional laxatives. β-glucans are natural polysaccharides widely found in yeast, fungus, and plants, which have been reported to exhibit various pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of β-glucans extracted from the bread yeast cell wall on loperamide-induced constipation mice. Forty mice were fed with loperamide (10 mg/kg) to make the constipation model and a diet supplemented with 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg β-glucan. We assessed the defecation frequency, intestinal transit function of mice, as well as used high-throughput sequencing to analyze the intestinal microbiota composition and functional biological profiles data. Meanwhile, we detected expression of neurotransmitters including acetylcholinesterase, substance P, and serotonin (5-HT) and expression of tight junction protein (TJP) including zonula occludens-1 and mucin-2 in distal colon to characterize the possible molecular mechanisms. β-glucans significantly enhanced intestinal motility and provided a possibility to regulate the expression of neurotransmitters and TJP in mice. The intestinal microecological portion of the treatment group partially recovered and was closer to the normal group. This study showed that β-glucans can influence the intestinal microbiota and restore microecological balance to regulate the express of neurotransmitters and TJP to recover intestinal epithelial mechanical barrier. We suggested that β-glucans could be used as an active nutritional supplement to protect the damaged intestinal barrier and help patients who have constipation complications and dysbiosis.

Quantitative Study of the Reformation of Excess Sludge by Intense Aeration Under Nutrient-poor Conditions

Shuting Zhang,Guangwei Li,Liming Chen,Kiyoshi Toda 한국생물공학회 2004 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.9 No.6

In the course of anaerobic storage of excess sludge, odors due to chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide are produced. These odors cause many problems. Many methods have been developed to eliminate odors, but all current methods are not only costly, but also largely ineffective. In this paper, we investigate the process of transformation of sludge microorganism cultures through intense aeration under nutrient-poor conditions, in terms of the selective adjustment and control of microorganism culture. The aerated sludge is subsequently returned to the adjusting pool, where the microorganisms inhibit odors, thus the excess sludge itself will act as an odor inhibitor. The process can be verified in terms of viability, in that the degradation capacity of the sludge was maintained after the intensely-aerated sludge was returned to the treatment system.

Development of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Strips for Rapid Detection of Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus

Xinyang Wu,Shuting Chen,Zixin Zhang,Yihan Zhang,Pingmei Li,Xinyi Chen,Miaomiao Liu,Qian Lu,Zhongyi Li,Zhongyan Wei,Pei Xu 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.5

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) is a global plant virus that poses a threat to the production and quality of legume crops. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective managing CPMMV outbreaks. With the advancement in isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow strips technologies, more rapid and sensitive methods have become available for detecting this pathogen. In this study, we have developed a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow strips (RT-RPA-LFS) method for the detection of CPMMV, specifically targeting the CPMMV coat protein (CP) gene. The RT-RPA-LFS assay only requires 20 min at 40°C and demonstrates high specificity. Its detection limit was 10 copies/μl, which is approximately up to 100 times more sensitive than RT-PCR on agarose gel electrophoresis. The developed RT-RPA-LFS method offers a rapid, convenient, and sensitive approach for field detection of CPMMV, which contribute to controlling the spread of the virus.

Experimental Investigation and Mechanism Analysis of Tungsten Disulfide Soft Coated Micro-Nano Textured Self-Lubricating Dry Cutting Tools

Yunsong Lian,Huifeng Chen,Chenliang Mu,Jianxin Deng,Shuting Lei 한국정밀공학회 2018 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.5 No.2

A new dry cutting tool named WS2 soft coated Micro-Nano textured self-lubricating dry cutting tool (WTT tool) is developed and tested. Dry turning tests have been carried out on 45# quenched and tempered steel with a WTT tool and three other types of alternative tools. The machining performance was assessed in terms of the cutting forces, cutting temperature, friction coefficient at the tool-chip interface, chip deformation, tool wear, and the surface roughness of the machined workpiece. The results show that the WTT tool has the best cutting performance among all the tools tested under the same cutting conditions. Through theoretical analysis and experimental results, the mechanisms of the WTT tool in improving cutting performance were put forward. Meanwhile, the effect of Micro-Nano texture and WS2 soft coating on the cutting forces and the cutting temperature is analyzed. It can be concluded that the WTT tool can effectively improve the anti-adhesion and wear-resistance properties and increase the tool life.

Quantitative Study of the Reformation of Excess Sludge by Intense Aeration Under Nutrient-poor Conditions

L Guang Wei,Chen Liming,Toda Kiyoshi,Zhang Shuting The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2004 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.9 No.6

In the course of anaerobic storage of excess sludge, odors due to chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide are produced. These odors cause many problems. Many methods have been developed to eliminate odors, but all current methods are not only costly, but also largely inef­fective. In this paper, we investigate the process of transformation of sludge microorganism cul­tures through intense aeration under nutrient-poor conditions, in terms of the selective adjust­ment and control of microorganism culture. The aerated sludge is subsequently returned to the adjusting pool, where the microorganisms inhibit odors, thus the excess sludge itself will act as an odor inhibitor. The process can be verified in terms of viability, in that the degradation capac­ity of the sludge was maintained after the intensely-aerated sludge was returned to the treat­ment system.

Modification of tool influence function for bonnet polishing tool based on analysis of interfacial contact state

Ri Pan,Xiangxiang Zhu,Zhenzhong Wang,Dongju Chen,Shuting Ji,Jinwei Fan,Rui Wang 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.6

The polishing mechanism of bonnet polishing (BP) and the tool influence function (TIF) of bonnet tool have been widely studied. However, most of current studies pay little attention to the influence of polishing slurry on the BP mechanism as well as TIF. This study proposes that the interfacial contact state between the polishing tool and the workpiece is in a mixed lubrication state, subsequently the BP mechanism is further explored. It is found that the workpiece material is removed by polishing pad and abrasives. The polishing slurry is not directly involved in workpiece removal, but shares the normal pressure of the polishing tool on workpiece, which affects material removal. Based on the above mechanism, the TIF removal prediction model is established and verified by experiments. The results show that the maximum error of the model prediction value is quiet small, which verifies the model. Moreover, compared with Preston model and the previous model, which ignored the influence of the fluid, the average prediction error of the model in this paper when D 0 = 20 mm is 6.38 %, while the previous model and Preston model are 11.21 % and 49.10 %, respectively. Which illustrates the model in this paper has higher accuracy.

Ectopic expression of grape hyacinth R3 MYB repressor MaMYBx affects anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and epidermal cell differentiation in Arabidopsis

Wang Jiangyu,Zhang Boxiao,Tian Shuting,Zhang Han,Gong Jiaxin,Chen Kaili,Du Lingjuan 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.3

Single-repeat R3 MYB transcription factors regulate multiple developmental and metabolic pathways in plants. The anthocyanin-related R3 MYB repressor MaMYBx was previously identified in grape hyacinth (Muscari spp.), and its ectopic expression reduced the accumulation of anthocyanin in tobacco petals. However, whether the function of MaMYBx is conserved across plant species remains unclear. Here, we report that ectopic expression of MaMYBx regulates anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis and epidermal cell differentiation in Arabidopsis. MaMYBx overexpression in Arabidopsis decreased the accumulation of anthocyanin and PA by downregulating the late structural genes (AtDFR, AtANS, AtANR, and AtGST), some key regulatory factors of MBW complexes (AtPAP1, AtTT8, and AtGL3) and an R3 MYB gene (AtCPC) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. In addition, MaMYBx also modulated trichome formation and root hair differentiation by downregulating MBW component genes (AtGL1, AtWER, and AtGL3) and their target gene AtGL2 and by upregulating several R3 MYB genes (AtTRY and AtTCL1). We further found that MaMYBx transgenic plants accumulated less anthocyanin than did wild-type plants under salt, osmotic pressure, cold, and nitrogen stresses. Moreover, the effect was even greater, and significantly less anthocyanin accumulated. In conclusion, these results implied functional conservation of MaMYBx in anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis pathways of Arabidopsis. Therefore, MaMYBx likely represents a new potential gene for the molecular breeding of horticulture and ornamental plants via the regulation of anthocyanin and PA.