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Book Review: Innovation and Public Policy in India
Sharma, Gautam Asian Society for Innovation and Policy 2021 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.10 No.3
The role of innovation in economic growth and development is extensively recognized today. Innovations allow firms to stay ahead in a competitive environment while also playing a leading role in developing a nation or a region. The capacity to solve critical problems depends on the generation of innovations. Innovations are more important for a developing nation as only through them, they can find appropriate solutions to the issues unique to their context. A robust roadmap that fosters and nurtures innovations in a country has thus become an essential aspect of public policy. In this context, the book The Black Box: Innovation and Public Policy in India by Prof. Rakesh Basant provides an overview of the innovation landscape in India and the challenges it faces in building a robust entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystem in the country. The author provides an extensive analysis of different actors within India's innovation system and recommends policy initiatives to boost and foster innovation.
Sharma, Aditya,Varshney, Mayora,Shin, Hyun-Joon,Park, Yong Jun,Kim, Min-Gyu,Ha, Tae-Kyun,Chae, Keun Hwa,Gautam, Sanjeev The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Vol.16 No.37
<P>Single phase nanoparticles (NPs) of CeO<SUB>2</SUB>, Ce<SUB>0.5</SUB>Zr<SUB>0.5</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, Ce<SUB>0.5</SUB>Hf<SUB>0.5</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and Ce<SUB>0.5</SUB>Hf<SUB>0.25</SUB>Zr<SUB>0.25</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> were successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method at constant pH and temperature. The X-ray diffraction results revealed that the additive atoms did not segregate to form secondary phases but led to grain size variation in the NPs. The 10 Dq values in the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra at the O K-edge did not vary in the same way as the average grain size was changed for the doped CeO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs. The deconvolution of Ce M<SUB>5</SUB>-edge and detailed analysis of O K pre-edge peak have shown the higher Ce<SUP>+3</SUP>/(Ce<SUP>+3</SUP> + Ce<SUP>+4</SUP>) ratio in the Zr- and Hf-doped samples. The local atomic structure around the Ce, Zr and Hf atoms was investigated using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy at Ce K-edge, Zr K-edge and Hf L<SUB>3</SUB>-edge, respectively, and the EXAFS data were fitted with the theoretical calculations. The 4f occupancy, Ce<SUP>+3</SUP>/(Ce<SUP>+3</SUP> + Ce<SUP>+4</SUP>) ratio of Ce ions, coordination number of Ce and Ce–Ce/Ce–O bond distances were sensitive to the additive atoms but not explicitly changed according to the grain size variation in the NPs.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>4f-occupation, Ce<SUP>+3</SUP>/Ce<SUP>+4</SUP> ratio and grain-size effects in Zr- and Hf-substituted CeO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles are investigated by NEAXFS and EXAFS. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp02409e'> </P>
Sharma, A.,Varshney, M.,Shin, H.J.,Kumar, Y.,Gautam, S.,Chae, K.H. North Holland 2014 Chemical physics letters Vol.592 No.-
ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Swift heavy ion irradiation experiments, with different ion fluence, were performed using 200MeV Ag-ion beam. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and O K - edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements confirmed the dissolution of monoclinic phase and fruition of tetragonal phase of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> with the increase of ion fluence. The mechanism of such structural evolutions is briefly discussed in light of ion-irradiation induced local temperature rising, overlapping of latent tracks and energy loss processes.
Gautam, Praveen,Sharma, Pradeep Raj,Kim, Y.K.,Kim, T.W.,Noh, Hwayong North-Holland Pub. Co 2018 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.446 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report experiments on the temperature dependence of anomalous Hall and anomalous Nernst effects in amorphous [CoSiB/Pt] multilayer films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy down to low temperatures. The Hall resistance decreases slowly with decrease in temperature, remaining at about 88% of the room temperature value at 25K. On the other hand, the Nernst coefficient decreases rapidly with decreasing temperature and becomes about 10% of the room temperature value even at 100K. The coercive field determined from these measurements also shows a strong change with temperature, increasing by a factor of two at 25K as compared with that at room temperature.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Anomalous Hall and anomalous Nernst effects are measured in [CoSiB/Pt] films. </LI> <LI> Temperature dependences of the two effects show clear distinction. </LI> <LI> Sharp decrease of Nernst effect can be understood from Mott relation. </LI> </UL> </P>
Sharma, Mayuri,Naji Aljawfi, Rezq,Kumari, Kavita,Chae, K.H.,Dalela, S.,Gautam, S.,Alvi, P.A.,Kumar, Shalendra Elsevier 2019 Journal of electron spectroscopy and related pheno Vol.232 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have investigated the ferromagnetic behavior, electronic states and local geometrical structure of Ni (2 and 10 at %) doped SnO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films. The films were successfully fabricated with the help of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on Si (100) substrate under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) condition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the single phase character of SnO<SUB>2</SUB> rutile lattice structure with P4<SUB>2</SUB>/mnm space group. The inclusion of Ni ions into SnO<SUB>2</SUB> matrix induced oxygen vacancy (Vo), enhanced the distortion in octahedral local symmetry and reduced the oxidation state of the host Sn<SUP>4+</SUP> (SnO<SUB>2</SUB>) to Sn<SUP>3+</SUP> (Sn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>), these details have been estimated by Raman scattering, Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra at Ni L<SUB>3,2</SUB> and O K edges. Further quantitative details on the local geometrical structure around Ni ions were obtained via fitting the experimental Fourier transforms EXAFS spectra |X(R)| with FEFF6 code. The magnetization measurements performed at room temperature (RT) infers that Ni doped SnO<SUB>2</SUB> films displayed ferromagnetic (FM) signal, and there was no significant difference in the saturation moments even with increase in the Ni content. Hence, the similarity in the observed magnetic behavior of the films seems relevant to the same crystal growth condition (UHV) and might not be limited directly to the Ni dopant concentrations. The FM signal and the role of surface defects have been discussed in the light of spin-split impurity band percolation mechanism.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ni doped SnO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films were deposited on Si substrate (001) by PLD technique. </LI> <LI> NEXAFS at Ni L<SUB>3,2</SUB> edges confirmed that the Ni ions exist in high spin divalent ground state. </LI> <LI> The UHV assisted growth condition created a favorable condition for oxygen non-stoichiometry. </LI> <LI> A significant modification have be observed in the surface morphology. </LI> <LI> Magnetic behavior seems to be more relevant to the formation of VO<SUP>2+</SUP> at the surfaces. </LI> </UL> </P>
ANN Based Direct Modeling of Permanent Magnet DC Tachogenerator Sensor
Ashu Gautam,Nidhi Sharma 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.10
Non-linearity coupled by all of the sensors and transducers gives set to either difficulties for direct digital readout, on-chip interface, testing, calibration and control. Also, the performance of a transducer is affected adversely by variations in working environments over them. Under the sovereignty of ANN based transducer modeling, the use of single layer ANN has been proposed in two separate studies with quite affluent results. The first existing model is based on the architecture of an adaptive linear (ADALINE) network trained with Widrow-Hoff’s learning algorithm. The other is based on the concept of Functional Link Artificial Neural Network (FLANN) designed on the architecture of a single layer linear ANN trained with Gradient-descent with momentum based learning algorithm. To have an optimal solution, it is proposed to amalgamate the direct model of the transducers using the concept of a Polynomial-ANN trained with BFGS Quasi-Newton Learning algorithm. The proposed Polynomial-ANN oriented transducer model is implemented based on the topology of a single-layer feed-forward back-propagation network. The proposed transducer modeling technique provides an extremely fast convergence speed with increased accuracy for the assessment of static input-output characteristics of the transducers and also for the solution of linearizing the non-linear transducers.
( Prashasti Sharma ),( Partha Pratim Medhi ),( Apurba Kumar Kalita ),( Mouchumee Bhattacharyya ),( Jyotiman Nath ),( Gautam Sarma ),( Yanpothung Yanthan ) 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2023 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.11 No.3
Background High-grade gliomas (HGG) are highly fatal tumors despite advanced multimodality management. They are also associated with neurocognitive impairment, both due to disease pathology and treatment. We aimed to assess various risk factors responsible for neurocognitive decline in HGG patients undergoing adjuvant chemoradiation. Methods Newly diagnosed HGG patients who underwent maximal safe resection were included. Patients received volumetric modulated arc therapy to a dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions, along with concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) at a dose of 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/day orally; thereafter adjuvant TMZ (150-200 mg/m<sup>2</sup> for 5 days), given every 28 days for 6 to 8 cycles. The Mini-Mental State Examination questionnaire was used to measure cognitive impairment of each study patient at various time points. Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariable analysis of data to establish possible risk factors. Results Fifty-three patients were enrolled and analyzed. At a median follow-up of 15 months, 30 patients (56.6%) developed cognitive impairment, and 23 patients (43.4%) did not. On univariate analysis, HGG with WHO grade 4, glioblastoma and diffuse midline glioma histology, IDH-wild type, recursive partitioning analysis class IV/V, and only biopsy of primary tumor were significantly associated with neurocognitive impairment, but none of them were independent risk factors on multivariable analysis. Planning target volume and dose received by ipsilateral hippocampus were also significantly correlated with cognitive decline in HGG patients. Conclusion Decline in neurocognitive functions in HGG patients is multifactorial and can be attributed to an amalgam of various tumor, patient, and treatment-related factors.
Current Scenario of Legume Lectins and Their Practical Applications
Ajay Kumar Gautam,Nidhi Shrivastava,Bechan Sharma,Sameer. S. Bhagyawant 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.3
Lectins are diverse group of carbohydrate binding proteins distributed ubiquitously in plant species. Lectins are the subject of intense investigation. Therefore, in the past few years studies on legume lectins with respect to their biochemical and pharmacological properties have been extensively carried out. Legume lectins are reported to contain antifungal, mitogenic, immunomodulatory, and antitumor properties. Some of the lectin also display anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and antineoplastic activities. Plant lectins are expected to open new vistas for the design and development of drugs to be used against different serious diseases. This article aims to review up-to-date advances of legume lectins vis-à-vis structure, biological properties, and their practical applications.