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Gender Differences in Sleep Disturbance among Elderly Koreans: Hallym Aging Study
Shan-Ai Quan,이용춘,Wen-Jie Li,정진영,김동현 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.11
Sleep is an important component in our lives as it is necessary throughout one’s entire life span. This study was conducted to elucidate whether there are gender differences in sleep quality and what factors can affect sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly Koreans. A total of 382 subjects (175 males and 207 females) were recruited among elderly aged 45 or over who participated in the 2010 Hallym Aging Study (HAS). They were invited to a general hospital and were evaluated for socioeconomic status, smoking history, and various clinical measures. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A higher score indicates poorer subjective sleep quality, (PSQI global score > 5 suggests sleep disturbance). After adjusting for potential covariates, our results show that alcohol increases the odds for poor sleep (odds ratio [OR] = 3.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–10.10) in males. In females, lack of exercise was the major risk factor of poor sleep as they are 4.46 times more likely to suffer from low sleep quality than those who exercise regularly (95% CI=1.56–13.75). Stress was also a risk factor for poor sleep. It was 5.60 times higher in the “always have stress” group than the “do not have stress” group (95% CI = 1.54–20.34). Thus, alcohol consumption is associated with men’s sleep quality, while exercise and stress level affect women’s.
Residual Stress Distribution in Hard-Facing of Pressure Relief Valve Seat
Ai, Li,Yu, Xinhai,Jiang, Wenchun,Woo, Wanchuck,Ze, Xiaofeng,Tu, Shan-Tung AMERICAN SOCIETY MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 2014 Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology Vol.136 No.6
<P>In this study, for the hard-facing of spring-loaded pressure relief valve seats, the residual stress distributions after the tungsten inert gas welding, (TIG) postwelded heat treatment and subsequent surface turning were investigated. The heat input parameters of welding were calibrated using an infrared imaging and thermocouples. The residual stress distributions were computed using three-dimensional finite element model. The neutron diffraction approach was employed to verify the finite element calculation. It is found that, the surface temperature during hard-facing welding shows a double ellipsoidal shape with the highest value of around 1570 degrees C. The high residual stress zones are located exactly under the welded joint except a slight deviation in the hoop direction. The magnitudes of tensile residual stresses in the three directions increase with their corresponding locations from the root of the joint into the base metal. The residual stresses in all of the three directions decrease significantly after the heat treatment. After surface turning, the residual stresses are tensile except for those close to the inner surface that are compressive in axial and radial directions.</P>
Directed Evolution of Beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli into Beta-glucuronidase
Xiong, Ai-Sheng,Peng, Ri-He,Zhuang, Jing,Liu, Jin-Ge,Xu, Fang,Cai, Bin,Guo, Zhao-Kui,Qiao, Yu-Shan,Chen, Jian-Min,Zhang, Zhen,Yao, Quan-Hong Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.3
In vitro directed evolution through DNA shuffling is a powerful molecular tool for creation of new biological phenotypes. E. coli $\beta$-galactosidase and $\beta$-glucuronidase are widely used, and their biological function, catalytic mechanism, and molecular structures are well characterized. We applied an in vitro directed evolution strategy through DNA shuffling and obtained five mutants named YG6764, YG6768, YG6769, YG6770 and YG6771 after two rounds of DNA shuffling and screening, which exhibited more $\beta$-glucuronidase activity than wild-type $\beta$-galactosidase. These variants had mutations at fourteen nucleic acid sites, resulting in changes in ten amino acids: S193N, T266A, Q267R, V411A, D448G, G466A, L527I, M543I, Q626R and Q951R. We expressed and purified those mutant proteins. Compared to the wild-type protein, five mutant proteins exhibited high $\beta$-glucuronidase activity. The comparison of molecular models of the mutated and wildtype enzymes revealed the relationship between protein function and structural modification.
Molecular Cloning and Bioinformatic Analysis of SPATA4 Gene
Liu, Shang-Feng,Ai, Chao,Ge, Zhong-Qi,Liu, Hai-Luo,Liu, Bo-Wen,He, Shan,Wang, Zhao Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2005 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.38 No.6
Full-length cDNA sequences of four novel SPATA4 genes in chimpanzee, cow, chicken and ascidian were identified by bioinformatic analysis using mouse or human SPATA4 cDNA fragment as electronic probe. All these genes have 6 exons and have similar protein molecular weight and do not localize in sex chromosome. The mouse SPATA4 sequence is identified as significantly changed in cryptorchidism, which shares no significant homology with any known protein in swissprot databases except for the homologous genes in various vertebrates. Our searching results showed that all SPATA4 proteins have a putative conserved domain DUF1042. The percentages of putative SPATA4 protein sequence identity ranging from 30% to 99%. The high similarity was also found in 1 kb promoter regions of human, mouse and rat SPATA4 gene. The similarities of the sequences upstream of SPATA4 promoter also have a high proportion. The results of searching SymAtlas (http://symatlas.gnf.org/SymAtlas/) showed that human SPATA4 has a high expression in testis, especially in testis interstitial, leydig cell, seminiferous tubule and germ cell. Mouse SPATA4 was observed exclusively in adult mouse testis and almost no signal was detected in other tissues. The pI values of the protein are negative, ranging from 9.44 to 10.15. The subcellular location of the protein is usually in the nucleus. And the signal peptide possibilities for SPATA4 are always zero. Using the SNPs data in NCBI, we found 33 SNPs in human SPATA4 gene genomic DNA region, with the distribution of 29 SNPs in the introns. CpG island searching gives the data about CpG island, which shows that the regions of the CpG island have a high similarity with each other, though the length of the CpG island is different from each other.This research is a fundamental work in the fields of the bioinformational analysis, and also put forward a new way for the bioinformatic analysis of other genes.