Impact of Social and Institutional Quality Capital on Total Factor Productivity and Economic Growth

Shahzad Saeed,유태환 경성대학교 산업개발연구소 2018 산업혁신연구 Vol.34 No.3

This study examines whether economic growth is affected by social and institutional quality capital directly or indirectly via total factor productivity (TFP). Based on the fifth-wave data of the World Values Survey conducted during 1995–2014 (2005–2009 for short-run analysis), we adopt a cross-sectional and pooled time series regression framework to investigate the role of social and institutional quality capital on economic growth and TFP changes for 12 high-income and 15 low- and middle-income countries (24 high-income and 25 low- and middle-income countries for the short-run), respectively. The research extrapolates that there are considerable differences in the strength of impact for social and institutional quality capital in the countries with different income levels over different time horizons. Specifically, social capital explicates a positive effect on economic growth only for high-income countries in the long-run. While having both direct and indirect effects, the institutional quality capital affects economic growth indirectly via TFP with a higher magnitude, except for low- and middle-income countries in the long-run, compared to the short-run with regard to other income groups.

Impact of Social and Institutional Quality Capital on Total Factor Productivity and Economic Growth

Saeed, Shahzad,Yoo, Tae Hwan 경성대학교 산업개발연구소 2018 산업혁신연구 Vol.34 No.3

본 연구는 결합횡단면시계열 분석방법을 활용하여 사회적 제도적자본이 총요소생산성과 경제성장에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하고 있다. 분석기간은 1995년부터 2014년 까지이며, World Values Survey 데이터 중 연속성을 유지하고 있는 49개 국가(단기분 석에는 24개 고소득국가와 25개 중저소득국가, 장기분석에는 12개 고소득국가와 15개 중저소득국가)를 대상으로 하고 있다. 분석결과에 따르면 사회적 제도적 자본이 총요 소생산성 및 경제성장에 미치는 영향은 국가의 소득수준에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 구 체적으로 사회적 자본은 고소득국가의 총요소생산성에는 영향을 주지 않지만 장기적으 로는 경제성장을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. 제도적 자본은 경제성장에 직접적으로 영 향을 주면서 동시에 총요소생산성 자극을 통한 경제성장이라는 간접효과도 갖는 것으 로 나타났다. 특히 경제성장에 대한 제도적 자본의 간접적 효과는 고소득국가의 장기 분석에서 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 비효율적 제도와 사회적 자본의 미비 상태에서 물적 자본에 대한 투자만으로는 일정 수준 이상의 경제성장을 기대할 수 없 으며, 지속 가능한 성장을 위해서는 사회적, 제도적 자본에 대한 투자가 반드시 병행되 어야 한다. This study examines whether economic growth is affected by social and institutional quality capital directly or indirectly via total factor productivity (TFP). Based on the fifth-wave data of the World Values Survey conducted during 1995–2014 (2005–2009 for short-run analysis), we adopt a cross-sectional and pooled time series regression framework to investigate the role of social and institutional quality capital on economic growth and TFP changes for 12 high-income and 15 low- and middle-income countries (24 high-income and 25 low- and middle-income countries for the short-run), respectively. The research extrapolates that there are considerable differences in the strength of impact for social and institutional quality capital in the countries with different income levels over different time horizons. Specifically, social capital explicates a positive effect on economic growth only for high-income countries in the long-run. While having both direct and indirect effects, the institutional quality capital affects economic growth indirectly via TFP with a higher magnitude, except for low- and middle-income countries in the long-run, compared to the short-run with regard to other income groups.

Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Heavy Metals in Infant Formula Milk Brands Available in Pakistani Markets

Saeed Akhtar,Muhammad Arif Shahzad,Sang-ho Yoo,Amir Ismail,Aneela Hameed,Tariq Ismail,Muhammad Riaz 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) after its bioconversion from aflatoxin B1 in animal liver becomes the part of milk while heavy metals get entry into milk and milk products during handling in the supply chain. Aflatoxin M1 and heavy metals being toxic compounds are needed to be monitored continuously to avoid any ailments among consumers of foods contaminated with such toxicants. Thirteen commercially available infant formula milk (IFM) brands available in Pakistani markets were analyzed for the quantitative determination of AFM1 and heavy metals through ELISA and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. AFM1 was found positive in 53.84% samples while 30.76% samples were found exceeding the maximum EU limit i.e. 0.025 μg/kg for AFM1 in IFM. Heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were found below the detection limits in any of the sample, whereas the concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) ranged between 45.40-97.10, 29.72-113.50 and 1, Zn and Ni in some of the tested IFM brands indicated that a diet completely based on these IFM brands might pose sever health implications in the most vulnerable community i.e., infants.

Biomass Partitioning and Genetic Analyses of Salinity Tolerance in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Saeed Rauf,Muhammad Shahzad,Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva,Ijaz Rasool Noorka 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.3

Biomass partitioning was studied in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inbred lines and their hybrids differing in salinity resistance. Differential biomass partitioning was observed among resistant and susceptible lines as well as within resistant lines, which were grown in large pots. Traits such as number of dead leaves and total number of nodes may be used as dominant markers for understanding the mechanism of resistance to salinity. Multi-location trials differing for salinity levels showed low and non-significant heritabilities across the environment for biochemical traits showing their sensitivity to the environment and a significant G X E interaction. Thus selection could only possible within the salinity level for these traits. Contrastingly, morphological traits such as number of nodes showed significant heritabilities (narrow or broad sense) across the environment. These traits may be exploited by the selection of inbred lines across or with salinity levels. Among various salinity levels, 12 dSm-1 was found to be feasible for screening and selection as it promoted the additive type of gene action.

Synthesis of 4-aryl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis-N-(aryl)-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridines as novel skin protecting and anti-aging agents

Saeed, Aamer,Shahzad, Danish,Larik, Fayaz Ali,Channar, Pervaiz Ali,Mahfooz, Haroon,Abbas, Qamar,Hassan, Mubashir,Raza, Hussain,Seo, Sung-Yum,Shabir, Ghulam Bangladesh Journals Online 2017 Bangladesh journal of pharmacology Vol.12 No.2

<P><p>A series of 4-aryl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis-N-(aryl)-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyri-dines 6a-6h were prepared by using the one-pot three component synthetic method. The target compounds 6a-6h were synthesized by reacting two molar equivalents of ketone functionality and one mole of aromatic aldehydes in ammonium acetate to obtain the desired products. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their elastase inhibition and antioxidant activity. Almost all of the com-pounds 6a-h showed good to excellent activities against elastase enzyme more than the reference drug. Compounds 6d and 6b at 0.2 ± 0.0 µM and 0.2 ± 0.0 µM were found to most potent derivatives against elastase enzyme. Compound 6a exhibited prominent free radical scavenging activity. From the results of the biological activity, we infer that some derivatives can serve as lead molecules in pharmacology.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>3 min 13 sec <a href='https://youtube.com/v/gPLdpGpZhR8'>Full Screen</a> <a href='https://youtube.com/watch?v=gPLdpGpZhR8'>Alternate</a></p></P>

Biomass Partitioning and Genetic Analyses of Salinity Tolerance in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Rauf, Saeed,Shahzad, Muhammad,da Silva, Jaime A. Teixeira,Noorka, Ijaz Rasool 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.3

Biomass partitioning was studied in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inbred lines and their hybrids differing in salinity resistance. Differential biomass partitioning was observed among resistant and susceptible lines as well as within resistant lines, which were grown in large pots. Traits such as number of dead leaves and total number of nodes may be used as dominant markers for understanding the mechanism of resistance to salinity. Multi-location trials differing for salinity levels showed low and non-significant heritabilities across the environment for biochemical traits showing their sensitivity to the environment and a significant G ${\times}$ E interaction. Thus selection could only possible within the salinity level for these traits. Contrastingly, morphological traits such as number of nodes showed significant heritabilities (narrow or broad sense) across the environment. These traits may be exploited by the selection of inbred lines across or with salinity levels. Among various salinity levels, 12 $dSm^{-1}$ was found to be feasible for screening and selection as it promoted the additive type of gene action.

One-stage Hip Reconstruction for Developmental Hip Dysplasia in Children over 8 Years of Age

Irfan Qadir,Saeed Ahmad,Atiq uz Zaman,Chirag Muhammad Khan,Shahzad Ahmad,Amer Aziz 대한고관절학회 2018 Hip and Pelvis Vol.30 No.4

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes following one-stage hip reconstruction, consisting of open reduction femoral shortening and pelvic osteotomy, for neglected developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 77 hips in 65 patients (46 females and 19 males; 12 had bilateral dislocations), operated at a Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital in Pakistan between 2013 and 2015. The average age at surgery was 11.02±3.43 years. According to the Tönnis classification, there were 10, 14, 22, and 31 patients in grades 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The pelvic procedure utilized in this study was triple osteotomy (47 hips) followed by double and Salter osteotomy (18 and 12 hips, respectively). Postoperative evaluations were conducted using the modified MacKay’s scoring system (functional outcomes) and Severin’s scoring method (radiological assessment). Results: Postoperatively, there were 38 (49.4%), 19 (24.7%), 14 (18.2%), and 6 (7.8%) hips in Severin grade I, II, III and IV, respectively. According to the modified McKay criteria, there were 22 hips (28.6%) in excellent condition, 44 (57.1%) in good condition, 9 (11.7%) in fair condition and 2 (2.6%) in poor condition. Both patients with poor outcomes had an unstable, painful hip with evidence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Conclusion: Based on the results presented here, we recommend the single stage procedure of open reduction, femoral shortening and pelvic osteotomy for treatment of DDH in older children with good to excellent functional and radiological outcomes.