Urinary MicroRNAs of Prostate Cancer: Virus-Encoded hsv1-miRH18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p Could Be Valuable Diagnostic Markers

Yun, Seok Joong,Jeong, Pildu,Kang, Ho Won,Kim, Ye-Hwan,Kim, Eun-Ah,Yan, Chunri,Choi, Young-Ki,Kim, Dongho,Kim, Jung Min,Kim, Seon-Kyu,Kim, Seon-Young,Kim, Sang Tae,Kim, Won Tae,Lee, Ok-Jun,Koh, Gou-Yo Korean Continence Society 2015 International Neurourology Journal Vol.19 No.2

<P><B>Purpose:</B></P><P>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in biological fluids are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of urological diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of the study was to identify and validate urinary cell-free miRNAs that can segregate patients with PCa from those with BPH. </P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>In total, 1,052 urine, 150 serum, and 150 prostate tissue samples from patients with PCa or BPH were used in the study. A urine-based miRNA microarray analysis suggested the presence of differentially expressed urinary miRNAs in patients with PCa, and these were further validated in three independent PCa cohorts, using a quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction analysis. </P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The expression levels of hsa-miR-615-3p, hsv1-miR-H18, hsv2-miR-H9-5p, and hsa-miR-4316 were significantly higher in urine samples of patients with PCa than in those of BPH controls. In particular, herpes simplex virus (hsv)-derived hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p showed better diagnostic performance than did the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test for patients in the PSA gray zone. Furthermore, a combination of urinary hsv2-miR-H9-5p with serum PSA showed high sensitivity and specificity, providing a potential clinical benefit by reducing unnecessary biopsies. </P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Our findings showed that hsv-encoded hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p are significantly associated with PCa and can facilitate early diagnosis of PCa for patients within the serum PSA gray zone.</P>

QKI, a miR‐200 target gene, suppresses epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and tumor growth

Kim, Eun Ju,Kim, Jeong Seon,Lee, Sieun,Lee, Heejin,Yoon, Jung‐,Sook,Hong, Ji Hyung,Chun, Sang Hoon,Sun, Der Sheng,Won, Hye Sung,Hong, Soon Auck,Kang, Keunsoo,Jo, Jeong Yeon,Choi, Minyoung,Shin, John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2019 International journal of cancer: Journal internati Vol.145 No.6

<P>The microRNA‐200 (miR‐200) family plays a major role in specifying epithelial phenotype by preventing expression of the transcription repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2, which are well‐known regulators of the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial tumors including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we elucidated whether miR‐200 family members control RNA‐binding protein quaking (QKI), a newly identified tumor suppressor that is regulated during EMT. We predicted that miR‐200a and miR‐200b could recognize <I>QKI</I> 3′‐UTR by analyzing TargetScan and The Cancer Genome Atlas head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) dataset. Forced expression of miR‐200b/a/429 inhibited expression of ZEB1/2 and decreased cell migration in OSCC cell lines CAL27 and HSC3. QKI expression was also suppressed by miR‐200 overexpression, and the 3′‐UTR of <I>QKI</I> mRNA was directly targeted by miR‐200 in luciferase reporter assays. Interestingly, shRNA‐mediated knockdown of <I>QKI</I> led to pronounced EMT and protumor effects in both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> studies of OSCC. Furthermore, high expression of QKI protein is associated with favorable prognosis in surgically resected HNSCC and lung adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, QKI increases during EMT and is targeted by miR‐200; while, it suppresses EMT and tumorigenesis. We suggest that QKI and miR‐200 form a negative feedback loop to maintain homeostatic responses to EMT‐inducing signals.</P>

Molecular Diagnosis of <i>Taenia saginata</i> Tapeworm Infection in 2 Schoolchildren, Myanmar

Won, Eun Jeong,Jung, Bong-Kwang,Song, Hyemi,Kim, Mi-Seon,Kim, Hyun-Seung,Lee, Keon Hoon,Kim, Min-Jae,Shin, Myung Geun,Shin, Jong Hee,Suh, Soon-Pal,Hong, Sung-Jong,Sohn, Woon-Mok,Htoon, Thi Thi,Tin, Ht Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.24 No.6

<P><I>Taenia saginata</I> is the most common human tapeworm worldwide but has been unknown in Myanmar. In 2017, fecal examination in Yangon, Myanmar, revealed eggs of <I>Taenia</I> species in 2 children from a monastic school. Several proglottids expelled after medication with praziquantel were morphologically and molecularly confirmed to be <I>T. saginata</I> tapeworms.</P>

Exceptional High-Performance of Pt-Based Bimetallic Catalysts for Exclusive Detection of Exhaled Biomarkers

Kim, Sang-Joon,Choi, Seon-Jin,Jang, Ji-Soo,Cho, Hee-Jin,Koo, Won-Tae,Tuller, Harry L.,Kim, Il-Doo Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2017 Advanced Materials Vol.29 No.36

<P>Achieving an improved understanding of catalyst properties, with ability to predict new catalytic materials, is key to overcoming the inherent limitations of metal oxide based gas sensors associated with rather low sensitivity and selectivity, particularly under highly humid conditions. This study introduces newly designed bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) employing bimetallic Pt-based NPs (PtM, where M = Pd, Rh, and Ni) via a protein encapsulating route supported on mesoporous WO3 nanofibers. These structures demonstrate unprecedented sensing performance for detecting target biomarkers (even at p.p.b. levels) in highly humid exhaled breath. Sensor arrays are further employed to enable pattern recognition capable of discriminating between simulated biomarkers and controlled breath. The results provide a new class of multicomponent catalytic materials, demonstrating potential for achieving reliable breath analysis sensing.</P>

Index Coding With Erroneous Side Information

Kim, Jae-Won,No, Jong-Seon IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on information theory Vol.63 No.12

<P>In this paper, new index coding problems are studied, where each receiver has erroneous side information. Although side information is a crucial part of index coding, the existence of erroneous side information has not been considered yet. We study an index code with receivers that have erroneous side information symbols in the error-free broadcast channel, which is called an index code with side information errors (ICSIE). The encoding and decoding procedures of the ICSIE are proposed, based on the syndrome decoding. Then, we derive the bounds on the optimal codelength of the proposed index code with erroneous side information. Furthermore, we introduce a special graph for the proposed index coding problem, called a <TEX>$\delta _{s}$</TEX>-cycle whose properties are similar to those of the cycle in the conventional index coding problem. Properties of the ICSIE are also discussed in the <TEX>$\delta _{s}$</TEX>-cycle and clique. Finally, the proposed ICSIE is generalized to an index code for the scenario having both additive channel errors and side information errors, called a generalized error correcting index code.</P>

Investigation on Health Effects of an Abandoned Metal Mine

Kim, Soyeon,Kwon, Ho-Jang,Cheong, Hae-Kwan,Choi, Kyungho,Jang, Jae-Yeon,Jeong, Woo-Chul,Kim, Dae-Seon,Yu, Seungdo,Kim, Young-Wook,Lee, Kwang-Young,Yang, Seoung-Oh,Jhung, Ik Jae,Yang, Won-Ho,Hong, Yun- The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2008 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.23 No.3

<P>To investigate potential health risks associated with exposure to metals from an abandoned metal mine, the authors studied people living near an abandoned mine (n=102) and control groups (n=149). Levels of cadmium, copper, arsenic, lead, and zinc were measured in the air, soil, drinking water, and agricultural products. To assess individual exposure, biomarkers of each metal in blood and urine were measured. β<SUB>2</SUB>-microglobulin, α<SUB>1</SUB>-microglobulin, and <I>N</I>-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and bone mineral density were measured. Surface soil in the study area showed 2-10 times higher levels of metals compared to that of the control area. Metal concentrations in the groundwater and air did not show any notable differences between groups. Mean concentrations of cadmium and copper in rice and barley from the study area were significantly higher than those of the control area (<I>p</I><0.05). Geometric means of blood and urine cadmium in the study area were 2.9 µg/L and 1.5 µg/g Cr, respectively, significantly higher than those in the control area (<I>p</I><0.05). There were no differences in the levels of urinary markers of early kidney dysfunction and bone mineral density. The authors conclude that the residents near the abandoned mine were exposed to higher levels of metals through various routes.</P>

Electrochemical Performance of Spherical LiCoO₂ Powders Synthesized Using Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method (I) : Effect of Pyrolysis Conditions on Powder Characteristics

Kim, Seon-Hye,Choa, Yong-Ho,Shim, Kwang-Bo,Cho, Byung-Won,Kim, Chang-Sam The Korean Ceramic Society 2004 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.41 No.11

Process Parameters were studied in synthesis of LiCoO$_2$ Powder by ultrasonic spray Pyrolysis. Concentration of the mixed solution influenced the size, shape, and yield of the synthesized powder. The yield was affected primarily by the height of the solution, and then by the flow rate of a carrier gas. The temperature of the reactor governed the crystallinity and morphology of the powder. LiCoO$_2$ powders were synthesized as a layered high temperature phase above 800$^{\circ}C$. The synthesized powders were sphere and secondary Particles consisted of primary particles of 55-70 nm. The secondary Particles became bigger from 0.28 to 1.43 $\mu\textrm{m}$ as the concentration of the solution was increased from 0.05 to 2.0 M. The 2.0 M solution provided the highest production rate.

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Agar-Degrading Marine Bacterium, Gayadomonas joobiniege gen, nov, sp. nov., from the Southern Sea, Korea

( Won Jae Chi ),( Jae Seon Park ),( Min Jung Kwak ),( Jihyun F. Kim ),( Yong Keun Chang ),( Soon Kwang Hong ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.11

An agar-degrading bacterium, designated as strain G7T, was isolated from a coastal seawater sample from Gaya Island (Gayado in Korean), Republic of Korea. The isolated strain G7T is gram-negative, rod shaped, aerobic, non-motile, and non-pigmented. A similarity search based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that it shares 95.5%, 90.6%, and 90.0% similarity with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Catenovulum agarivorans YM01T, Algicola sagamiensis, and Bowmanella pacifica W3-3AT, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that strain G7T formed a distinct monophyletic clade closely related to species of the family Alteromonadaceae in the Alteromonas-like Gammaproteobacteria. The G+C content of strain G7T was 41.12 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain G7T and the phylogenetically closest strain YM01T was 19.63%. The genomes of G7T and YM01T had an average ANIb value of 70.00%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone of this particular strain was ubiquinone-8, whereas that of C. agarivorans YM01T was menaquinone-7. The major fatty acids of strain G7T were Iso-C15:0 (41.47%), Anteiso-C15:0 (22.99%), and C16:1ω7c/iso-C15:0 2-OH (8.85%), which were quite different from those of YM01T. Comparison of the phenotypic characteristics related to carbon utilization, enzyme production, and susceptibility to antibiotics also demonstrated that strain G7T is distinct from C. agarivorans YM01T. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain G7T was considered a novel genus and species in the Gammaproteobacteria, for which the name Gayadomonas joobiniege gen. nov. sp. nov. (ATCC BAA-2321 = DSM25250T = KCTC23721T) is proposed.

Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA GTPase promotes tumorigenesis through nuclear factor (NF)-κB

Kim, Jae-Gyu,Choi, Kyoung-Chan,Hong, Chang-Won,Park, Hwee-Seon,Choi, Eun-Kyoung,Kim, Yong-Sun,Park, Jae-Bong Elsevier 2017 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol.112 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms for ROS in tumorigenesis have not been well established. In this study, hydrogen peroxide activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and RhoA GTPase. In particular, we found that hydrogen peroxide lead to phosphorylation of RhoA at Tyr42 <I>via</I> tyrosine kinase Src. Phospho-Tyr42 (p-Tyr42) residue of RhoA is a binding site for Vav2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which then activates p-Tyr42 form of RhoA. P-Tyr42 RhoA then binds to IκB kinase γ (IKKγ), leading to IKKβ activation. Furthermore, RhoA WT and phospho-mimic RhoA, RhoA Y42E, both promoted tumorigenesis, whereas the dephospho-mimic RhoA, RhoA Y42F suppressed it. In addition, hydrogen peroxide induced NF-κB activation and cell proliferation, along with expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1 in the presence of RhoA WT and RhoA Y42E, but not RhoA Y42F. Indeed, levels of p-Tyr42 Rho, p-Src, and p-65 are significantly increased in human breast cancer tissues and show correlations between each of the two components. Conclusively, the posttranslational modification of as RhoA p-Tyr42 may be essential for promoting tumorigenesis in response to generation of ROS.</P> <P><B>Hightlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hydrogen peroxide induces Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA <I>via</I> Src. </LI> <LI> P-Tyr42 RhoA activates IKKβ on IKKγ, leading to NF-κB activation. </LI> <LI> P-Tyr42 RhoA is essential for cell proliferation upon hydrogen peroxide. </LI> <LI> P-Tyr42 RhoA is critical for tumorigenesis. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

3D flexible Si based-composite (Si@Si₃N₄)/CNF electrode with enhanced cyclability and high rate capability for lithium-ion batteries

Kim, Si-Jin,Kim, Min-Cheol,Han, Sang-Beom,Lee, Gyu-Ho,Choe, Hui-Seon,Kwak, Da-Hee,Choi, Sun-Yong,Son, Byung-Goo,Shin, Myoung-Sun,Park, Kyung-Won Elsevier 2016 Nano energy Vol.27 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Despite extremely high capacity of Si-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIB), Si-based materials have shown a structural collapse caused by a volumetric expansion/contraction during the cycling process. The conventional electrode structure, which consists of active materials, a current collector, a conducting agent, and a binder, actually showed a low loading of active material due to the other heavy components. In this study, we prepared a 3D flexible Si-composite electrode consisting of core (Si)-shell (Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) NPs (Si@Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) and carbon nanofibers (denoted as Si-composite/CNF). The Si-composite/CNF was directly utilized as an anode in the absence of the other components was electrochemically evaluated using a coin-type cell. The Si-composite/CNF showed a high capacity of 665mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a fairly high current density of 10Ag<SUP>−1</SUP> and an extremely low capacity loss for 2000 cycles.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We prepared Si-composite/CNF exhibits a 3D flexible Si-composite electrode. </LI> <LI> The electrode consists of core (Si)-shell (Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) NPs (Si@Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) and carbon nanofibers. </LI> <LI> The Si-composite/CNF was directly utilized as an anode. </LI> <LI> Si-composite /CNF exhibited high specific capacity and improved high rate cycling performance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>