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Savelyev, Dmitry P.,Kamenetsky, Vadim S.,Danyushevsky, Leonid V.,Botcharnikov, Roman E.,Kamenetsky, Maya B.,Park, Jung-Woo,Portnyagin, Maxim V.,Olin, Paul,Krasheninnikov, Stepan P.,Hauff, Folkmar,Zele Mineralogical Society of America 2018 The American mineralogist Vol.103 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Silicate-sulfide liquid immiscibility in mantle-derived magmas has important control on the budget of siderophile and chalcophile metals, and is considered to be instrumental in the origin orthomagmatic sulfide deposits. Data on primitive sulfide melts in natural samples, even those representing most voluminous magmatism in oceanic rifts, are very scarce due to the small size and poor preservation of incipient sulfide melt globules. Here we present the first detailed report of the crystallized sulfides melts in the oceanic picrites of the (presumably) Cretaceous age Kamchatsky Mys ophiolite complex in Eastern Kamchatka (Far East Russia). Sulfide melts are present in three forms; (1) as inclusions in olivine (87.1-89.6 mol% Fo), (2) interstitial to the groundmass minerals (clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and Ti-magnetite) of studied picrites, and (3) as daughter phases in silicate melt inclusions hosted by olivine and Cr-spinel phenocrysts. The sulfide melt inclusions in olivine and the groundmass of studied rocks are composed of several sulfide phases that correspond to the monosulfide (Fe-Ni;<I>Mss</I>) and intermediate (Fe-Cu-Ni;<I>Iss</I>) solid solutions. Several <0.5 μm Pd-Sn, Pt-Ag, and Au-Ag phases are recorded within the matrix sulfides, commonly along phase boundaries and fractures. Major elements (S, Fe, Cu, Ni, Co), platinum group elements (PGE), and gold analyzed in the homogenized olivine-hosted sulfide melt inclusions, and phases identified in the matrix sulfides record the range of magmatic sulfide compositions. The most primitive sulfide liquids are notably enriched in Ni and Cu [(Ni+Cu)/Fe, at% > 0.5], continuously evolve with crystallization of (e.g., increasing Cu/Ni and Au/PGE) and demonstrate metal fractionation between<I>Mss</I>and<I>Iss</I>. Although the compositional systematics found in this study are consistent with those previously recorded, the compositions of individual sulfide phases are strongly affected by the noble metal (PGE, Au) “nuggets” that exsolve at subsolidus temperatures and form during serpentinization of the rocks. We conclude that the budget of noble metals in the studied picrites is controlled by sulfides, but the abundances of Pt and Au are influenced by mobility in post-magmatic alteration. Our data can be also used for modeling sulfide saturation at crustal pressures and understanding behavior of the noble metals in primitive oceanic magmas.</P>
After the US-Russian New START: What`s Next?
( Alexander G. Savelyev ),( Jae Ho Jung ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2011 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.16 No.2
On February 5, 2011, the US-Russian New START treaty entered into legal force. There are numerous problems to be resolved. The most important among these problems are "further reductions of strategic nuclear weapons," "the problem of tactical nuclear weapons of the two states," "nuclear arsenals of the third states," "ballistic missile defense," and "other related problems." We should stress that the United States and Russia have different priorities in this list of problems. For Russia the number one problem is ballistic missile defense while the United States is obviously interested in non-strategic (tactical) nuclear weapons. This contradiction can negatively influence the progress of the future steps on the way to nuclear disarmament. The positive thing is that the two states are ready to make all possible efforts to continue arms control negotiations and officially express the final goal - a nuclear free world. All this leads to the conclusion that the above-mentioned problems cannot be solved separately. Only a combined approach can offer the parties a chance for compromise as well as a space for maneuvering and the flexibility necessary for success in achieving progress in arms control and nuclear disarmament.