육성비육돈에 대한 사료첨가제 첨가 급여시험 - 생균제의 첨가가 육성비육돈의 성장과 육질에 미치는 영향 -

양승주,현재석,양창범,고석민,최홍훈 ( S . J . Yang,J . S . Hyon,C . B . Yang,S . M . Ko,H . H . Choi ) 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.1

This research was conducted to investigate the effects on the growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion and carcass characteristics of the growing-finishing pigs with 4 kinds of feed additives wmposed of probiotics which were used in the swine farm of ChejuDo area. Two experiments were conducted in the W-farm (high energy and protein, Spring) and B-farm(low energy and protein, Summer). The experiment was designed with 5 treatments according to the kinds of additives used(T; control, A; Biopro, B; Ataphon-o, C; YC-2000, D; Photo-plus). In the W-farm experiment, 75 three-way crossbred pigs weighing average 38㎏ were randomized with 3 replications for 102 days. In the B-farm experiment, 105 three-way crossbred pigs weighing average 33㎏ were randomized with 3 replications for 103 days. Daily weight gains were increased a little by supplementing the probiotics in comparison with control(T). But there were not significant differences among the treated goups. There were no differences in feed intake among treatments in the W-farm. But in the B-farm a little inaease in feed intake was observed in the probiotics group. However, feed conversion rates were somewhat improved by the probiotics compared to control(T) in the W-farm, but they were not significantly different. Carcass weight and percentage were increased a little in the pigs fed the probiotics compared to the control (T). The pigs fed probiotics A and B showed apparently higher carcass weights and rates without statistical differences compared to the others. In the W-farm the symptom of overfattening was observed in the control(T) and the treatment C. However, the backfat thicknesses of the treatment A, B and D were suitable. In the B-farm the backfat thicknesses of the control(T) and the treatment C were poor and scanty, but those of the treatment A, B and D resulted in suitable thickness. According to the carcass Bade analysis, the carcass grades of the experimental pigs showed the following order; A $gt; B $gt; D $gt; C $gt; Control(T). The improvement of carcass grade was made by the dietary probiotics. According to the result of the taste panel evaluation, the dietary probiotics made a good effect on the meat colour and marbling, tenderness, meat flavour and meat juiciness of the pork.

인과 칼슘의 수준이 낮은 산란계 사료 내 미생물 Phytase의 첨가가 생산성 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향

민병준,권오석,이원백,손경승,홍종욱,양승주,문태현,김인호,Min B.J.,Kwon O.S.,Lee W.B.,Son K.S.,Hong J.W.,Yang S.J.,Moon T.H.,Kim I.H. 한국가금학회 2005 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 인과 칼슘의 수준이 낮은 산란계 사료내 미생물 phytase의 첨가가 생산성 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 실시되었다. 사양시험은 50주령 ISA brown 갈색계 192수를 공시하였으며, 사양시험은 7일간의 적응기간 후, 12주간 실시하였다 시험설계는 옥수수-대두박 위주의 사료에 NRC 요구량에 맞춰 Available P과 Ca을 처리한 구(CON; 기초사료), 기초사료에 Available P과 Ca을 각각 대조구 사료의 $50\%$와 $90\%$를 함유한 사료에 3종류의 미생물phytase PHYTEX, Agranco. Co. $0.01\%$(P1), Natuphos, BASF $0.06\%$(P2), PHOSMAX GENOFOCUS $0.06\%$(P3)를 첨가한 처리구로 4개 처리를 하였다. 총 12주간의 사양 시험기간동안 산란율은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 시험 종료시 난중은 처리구에서 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(P<0.05). 난각 두께는 시험 9주째 phytase를 급여한 처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 두꺼워졌다(P<0.05). 시험개시시와 종료시 혈청 내 Ca 함량의 차이는 P1처리구에서 가장 적은 변화를 보였으나, 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으며, P함량에 있어서도 처리구간 유의성은 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 경골 내 Ca과 P의 함량은 phytase를 급여한 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적인 차이 없이 높은 경향을 보였다(P>0.05). DM, N과 Ash의 소화율에 있어서는 대조구와 P1 처리구가 P2, P3 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). Ca과 P에 있어서는 P2 처리구의 소화율이 가장 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05)), 대조구와 P1 처리구는 서로 통계적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 모든 처리구들이 대조구보다 유의하게(P<0.01) 낮았고 Ercherichia coli의 수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Lactobacilli의 수는AM30구가 대조구보다 유의하게(P<0.05) 높았다. 결론적으로 활성 미네랄수 $30\%$흡착 zeolite의 사료 내 첨가는 대조구에 비하여 육계의 증체율을 개선시키는 경향이 있었으며 깔짚에서 암모니아 가스 발생도 유의하게 감소시켰고 장내 Lactobacilli의 수를 유의하게 증가시켰다.결과를 얻을 수 있으리라 생각한다.내산에서는 S.typhimurium $(33\%)$이 분리 되었으나, 미국산 닭날개에서는 Salmonella 속균이 전혀 분리되지 않아 대조적이었다. 하지만, 중국산의 닭부분육(혼합육)에서는 S. enteritidis와 L. monocytogenes도 함께 분리되었다. 그러나 부분육의 경우 국내산 및 수입산 모두에서 Campylobacter 속균과 E. coli O157:H7 균주는 전혀 분리되지 않았다. 서울${\cdot}$경기지역의 재래시장과 백화점에서 시판되고 있는 계란 총 446개에 대해서도 동일한 절차와 방법으로 조사하였던바, 재래시장에서 구입했던 계란의 난각부분(Egg-shell)에서만 가금티푸스(fowl Typhoid)의 병원체인 S. gallinarum이 1주$(0.2\%)$만이 분리되었고, 기타 세균으로서는 대장균군이 역시 난각에서 가장 높은 빈도로 분리되었고, 난황(Yolk)에서는 극히 낮은 수준의 세균오염도를 보였다. 다양한 동물종유래 S. aureus 균주들의 유전학적 분석목적에 가장 신뢰도 높고 감별능력이 뛰어난 분석기법으로 선발되었다.cid로부터 cyclooxygenase를 통해 일단 생성된 endoperoxide에서 각각의 prostaglandin을 생성하는 효소, 특히 $G-Rb_{2}$는 $TxA_{2}$ This Study was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase in low phosphirus and calcium level diet on the performance and nutrient digestibility in laying hens. One hundred ninety two, 50 wks old, ISA brown commerical layers were used for 12 weeks feeding trial after 7-d adjustment period. Four dietary treatments included CON(control; Co.), P2 ($0.06\%$ Natuphos, BASF) and P3 ($0.06\%$ PHOSMAX, GENOFOCUS). Ca and available P concentrations of P1, P2 and P3 were 90 and $50\%$ of NRC recommecdations to accentuate difference in response to phytase availability. In whole period, egg production was not affected by treatments. At 12 weeks, egg weight was significantly increased in adding phytase treatments (P<0.05). Egg shell thickness was increased in P1, P2 and P3 treatments compared with control (P<0.05) at 9 weeks. Ca concentration of serum tended to decrease in P1 treatment without significant difference (P>0.05). Ca and P concentrations of tibia were higher in layers fed dietary phyrase than those fed control diet without significant difference (P>0.05). Digestibilities of DM, N and ash were improved in P1 treatment compared with P2 and P3 treatments (P<0.05). Ca and P digestibilities were the highest in P2 treatment (P>0.05), but was not significant difference between control and P1 treatments.

감귤부산물의 사료화에 관한 연구 5 . 면양에 의한 감귤가공 부산물사일리지의 소화율 및 반추위액의 pH 와 total - VFA 농도 변화

양승주,정창기 ( S . J . Yang,C . C . Choung ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.2

In order to examine the value of citrus byproducts as livestock feed, 4 types of CBS were made: T1; wet CMS with high moisture. T?; pre-wilted CMS with low moisture. T3; wet CPS with high moisture. T4; pre-wilted CPS with low moisture. Digestion trials were carried with 3 sheep equipped with rumen fistulars. Rumen liquor pH and total VFA were investigated during the trial period. The daily intake of the trial feed (CBS+hay) was 0.76-0.78㎏ DM (1.8-1.9% by body wt.). Feeding CBS showed the effect of increasing the feed. intake. Compared with high moisture CBS, low moisture CBS increased feed intake and digestibility, and was weak in the tendency of lowering rumen liquor pH. Compared with CPS, CMS showed a tendency more similar to low moisture CBS. Feeding CBS had the effect of increasing urine excretion, water intake and digestibility of DM and DNFE. When fed CBS the pH and total VFA in rumen liquor were lower than when fed hay. Such tendency was shown in the case of feeding high moisture CBS compared to low moisture CBS. The digestibility of CBS had no relationship with pH, but there was a statistical significant correlation between total VFA in rumen liquor and digestibility of CBS. It appears from the results of these trials in the making and utilization of CBS that CMS was better in all respects than CPS and prewilted CBS with low moisture (about 76%) was more effective than wet CBS with high moisture (about 83%).

감귤부산물의 사료화에 관한 연구 Ⅰ. 감귤부산물 Silage 의 품질 및 발효기간중 Nylon Bag DM 소화율에 관한 연구

양승주(S . J . Yang),정재준(J . J . Chung),정창조(C . J . Chung) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.3

A study was made to evaluate the nutritive value of citrus canning by-product silage for animal feed. Chemical components of citrus peel, segment, juice pulp and mixture of canning wastes were analysed. These were ensiled and silage evaluation was made with following treatments: T1; segment peel silage, T2; citrus pulp silage, T3; peel silage, T4; segment + pulp silage, T5; mixture silage, and T6; TS + lime powder. Mean protein content of citrus byproducts ranged from 9.89% to 10.35% (DM base), 12.55-12.76% in crude fiber and 66-70% in N.F.E.. Fresh peel showed higher N.F.E. and protein content than other part of citrus canning byproducts. Overall chemical components of citrus byproducts were superior except C.P. content when it is compared with wheat bran. Fermentation process induced a decreasing N.F E. and increasing fiber and NDF content of silages, and PH ranged from 4.3 to 3.4. The rate of lactic acid per total acid ratio-(L.A./T.A.) were higher in T3 and T5(85%), and lowest in T2 and T6(55%). NBDMD of silages were in order of T5 $gt; T3 $gt; T1$gt; T4 $gt; T6 $gt; T2, and improved its digestibility according to the stage of fermentation. It was apparent that the moisture content of byproducts greatly influenced the silage quality, however, it was possible to utilized materials of moisture content of 73-83%. The fermentation process terminated with in 40 days after ensiling and rapid drops of L.A./T.A. ratio and NBDMD was observed on 20 days after ensiling. A significant correlationship was existed between L.A./T.A. ratio and diestibilities (Y=0.66X + 33.9, r=0.89**).

감귤부산물의 사료화에 관한 연구 Ⅱ. Broiler 에 대한 감귤부산물의 사료가치에 관한 연구

양승주(S . J . Yang),정창조(C . J . Chung) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Dried Citrus peel and pulp were fed to broiler chicks at substitution level of 5 and 10%. Feed intake, conversion ratio and liveweight gain when fed this mixture was evaluated. Average broiler liveweight gain at 6 weeks of age was control (To); 1835.1g, 5% dried peel (T1); 1795.5g, 10% dried peel (T2); 1709.4g and 10% mixture (peel and pulp) (T3); 1614.9g, respectively. Feed intake was greatest in To (4350.1g) and lowest in T3 (4048.4g) and feed conversion ratio was in the order of To T1 T2 T3. Both weight gain and conversion ratio were reduced according to level of citrus waste added. Utilization of nutrients varied between different components, with the lowest value in crude fiver (To; 31.6%, T1; 44.52%, T2; 37.78%, T3; 36.64%) and highest in NFE (To; 88.90%, T1; 88.98% T2; 86.64%, T3; 86.21%). Digestibility of protein between treatments was superior in the control and decreased according to the level of citrus byproduct added (To; 70.37%, T1; 62.0%, T2; 59.65%, T3; 58.19%). However, the opposite was true in the case of the other nutrients. A higher protein digestibility exist at the starting period and lower in the finishing period. It was suggested that the substitution level of dried citrus peel and pulp to broiler feed is maximum 10% and best result of 5%. Red intake, conversion ratio and weight gain was affected by 10% substitution level of peel and pulp miture.

제주지역 Holstein 유우의 산유능력과 원유의 품질에 관한 연구 . 2 . 산차 , 비유주기 , 사양관리조건 , 분만계절 및 착유시기가 산유량과 우유의 품질에 미치는 영향

양승주(S . J . Yang),이현종(H . J . Lee),박희석(H . S . Park),윤영빈(Y . B . Yun) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of parity, stage of lactation, supplying nutrients, condition of` management, milking hygiene, calving season and milking season on the milk yield, milk components, pH and bacterial quaky of raw milk samples collected from 56 Holstein cows of 7 ranches in Chju-Do area from July, 1987 to June, 1988. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows: l. The average daily milk yield, 305 day corrected milk yield and milk fat yield were 20.87㎏, 6285.88㎏ and 236.09㎏ respectively. The milk yield and milk fat yield of 3rd parity were higher than that of other parity group. In the effect of calving season, the performance of Winter calving cows showed the highest rasults and that of Autumn calving cows were the lowest. The performance of milk yield was significantly effected by the level of nutrients, conditions of management and milking hygiene. 2. In the aspect of milk yield and milk fat yield in the lactation stage, the milk yield was highest at the first one month. In the effect of milking season, the results in April and June were the highest, and those in January and February were the lowest. In the effect of milking time, the yield of milk was higher in the morning than in the evening. 3. The average values of raw milk composition were found to be milk fat, 3.75%; protein, 3.2% lactose, 4.57 %; total solids, 12.57 %; solids-not-fat, 8.75 %. The component ratio of milk fat, total solids and solids-not-fat of 3rd parity were higher than that of other parity group. But in the component ratio of protein and lactose, there were no significant differences among all the parity groups. The milk fat percentage of Winter calving cows were the highest and that of Summer calving cows were the lowest, in the effect of calving season. In contrast to the milk yield. higher percentage of milk fat appeared in the morning than in the evening. The percentage of all the kind of milk components were higher in the milk produced from cows supplied sufficient nutrients than that produced from cows supplied deficient nutrients, but the condition of management and milking hygiene had no effect on the milk fat percentage. 4. In the effect of the lactation stage, the milk fat percentage was lowest at 5 months after calving but the percentage of protein and total solids were lowest at the first months. Referring to the monthly variation in average raw milk compositions, the contents of fat and total solids showed the lowest results in July and the highest in January. But protein content were lowest in August and highest in December. 5. The average values of the pH, titratable acidity and number of Somatic cell of raw milk found to be 6.72, 0.173 and 26.2 x 10⁴/ml respectively. These values were considerably affected by the management condition and milking hygiene of the experimental ranches. 6. The average number of living bacteria and coliform bacteria were 13.49 × 10^6 cfu/ml and 175.43× 10³ cfu/ml respectively. In the bacteriological quality of raw milk samples, there were significantly great differences among the experimental ranches.

Determination of 105 pesticide residues by GC/MS/MS

W. S. Kim(김우성),J. A. Do(도정아),H. J. Lee(이희정),J. Y. Lee(이주영),S. J. Yang(양승주),S.H. Lee(이선희) 한국분석과학회 2010 분석과학 Vol.23 No.4

제주지역 Holstein 유우의 산유능력과 원유의 품질에 관한 연구 1 . 원유의 계절적 성분변화와 세균학적 품질

이현종(H . J . Lee),박희석(H . S . Park),양승주(S . J . Yang),윤영빈(Y . B . Yun) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.12

Seasonal changes of milk components, proportion of rejected milk, bacterial counts and the relationship between milk fat and solid-not-fat (SNF) of farm milk were studied over a period of two years(1987-1988). The results obtained were as follows: 1. Mean values of milk fat, protein, lactose, SNF and total solid were 3.72, 3.19, 4.60, 8.68, and 12.40 % respectively. 2. A significant correlation coefficient exsisted between milk fat and SNF content (P$lt;0.01). The coefficient and regression equation in the first and second year were r=0.347, Y=7.637+0.2777X and r=0.292, Y=7.715 +0.254X respectively. 3. The incidence of rejected milk was 0.75% of total quantity of raw milk recieved. It was higher rejected milk percentage than other region of the mainland and was affected greatly by season. 4. Coli-form bacterial count of the raw milk samples showed 46.3%m were under 100,000 cfu/ml and 53.7% were over 100,000 cfu/ml. 5. More than 4 x 10^7 cfu/ml live bacteria were counted in the raw milk with 53.8 % of the farm surveyed.

사료급여방법이 제주재래마의 체성장 및 도체품질에 미치는 영향

오운용(W . Y . Oh),강태홍(T . H . Kang),김동철(D . C . Kim),진신흠(S . H . Jin),홍성귀(S . K . Hong),양승주(S . J . Yang),정재홍(J . H . Jung) 한국축산학회 1993 한국축산학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Nine Cheju Native Horses with an average weight of 169.2㎏ were used in a 238-d (34-wk) fattening trial designed to evaluate the effects of feeding method on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Horses were randomly alloted to three treatment groups: T₁ 6-wk (Former fattening period: FFP) + 28-wk (Latter fattening period: LFP), T₂, 9-wk (FFP) + 25-wk (LFP), T₃, 12-wk (FFP) + 22-wk (LFP). During the FFP, concentrate was restricted at approximately l.5% of their body weights but horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate during the subsequent LFP. The horses were individually penned in 2.5-m×3-m pipe stalls with front feeding gates. They were allowed 3 h of exercise in a pen (50-m×30-m) outside the barn monthly. Horses were weighed at 30-d intervals and feed consumption was measured daily. At the end of the 238-d fattening period, one horse in each treatment was selected randomly and slaughtered for meat quality evaluation. Results obtained from the present study were summarized as follows; during the overall fattening period, average daily gains (ADG) and nutrient intake (TDN) per ㎏ wt, gain were 0.59, 5.10(T₁), 0.51, 5.84(T₂) and 0.43, 6.37㎏(T₂), respectively. When horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate for 28 wk(T₁), ADG and feed efficiency(TDN) were improved by 37%(P$gt;.05) and20%(P$gt;.05)compared to those allowed concentrate free choice for 22 wk(T₃). Horse in T, group had an improved dressing percentage and carcass weight with good quality grades(intramuscular fat, meat color, fat color). Taste panelists(150 amateures) detected no difference from longissimus lumborum steaks between Cheju Native Horse and improved Cheju Native Cattle, but found juiciness and meat flavor were superior to those of beef.

濟州道 原乳의 季節別, 飼育規模別 成分 變化에 關한 硏究

李賢鐘,梁昇柱,朴喜錫,尹瑛斌 濟州大學校 새마을硏究所 1988 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

The study was conducted to analyze components of raw milk, seasonal variation and correlation between components, and to obtain fundamental data in developing the quaity of raw milk and of feeding management, surveying 3 districts by milk-collecting area and 4 groups farm size between March of 1986 to February of 1987, and the results obtained are as follows; 1. Fat and T.S. were low in spring and summer and S.N.F. was low in summer, protein and lactose showed however, no significant seasonal variation. 2. The correlations between fat and T. S.(r= + 0.599004 in spring (r=+ 0.877195 in winter) fat and S. N. F. (r=+ 0.206696 in winter, r = + 0.829499 in spring) and S. N. F. and T. S. ( r= + 0.286247 in spring, r = + 0.812476 in winter) were significant in components by season. 3. On component veriation by from size, fat component highest in the group of 6-10 head, and the larger the farm size was, the higher the fat component was, and T. S. showed the same pattern as this, lactose and protein were not signigicant by farm size. 4. Fat component was 3.73-3.83%, protein 3.17-3.23%, lactose 4.54-4.63%, S.N.F. 8.66-8.71%, and T. S. 12.41-12.56% by area, and there was no variation between areas.